Research Methods for Language Teaching: Inquiry, Process, and Synthesis (Applied Linguistics for the Language Classroom)

✍ Scribed by Netta Avineri

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2017
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 240
• Edition: 1st ed. 2017
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Series Editor’s Introduction
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Section I: Inquiry
1 How to ACE the Research Process
Second Language Classroom Research
The Research Process
World Views Underpinning Research Methodological Choices
Diverse Research Approaches
A Note about Research Methods
Time Management
The Writing Process
Overview of the Book
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
2 The Noun and the Verb of the Literature Review
A Research Disposition
Literature Review: Making it Work for You
What is Literature?
Source Types for Literature
Literature Review: Noun and Verb
Selecting a Topic
The Searching and Finding Process
The Reading Process
Organizing
Dialoguing and Critiquing
Synthesizing
Writing the Literature Review
Organizing the Literature Review
Setting Up Your Research Questions
Online Resources
3 Research Questions and Research Design: Concretizing Inquiry
Introduction
Implications Question
Inductive and Deductive Approaches to Research
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Deductive Research Questions
Deductive–Inductive Hybrid Research Design
Selecting Appropriate Data Collection Methods
Naturalistic Inquiry
Psychometric Inquiry
Mixed Methods
Pedagogical Implications
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
4 Research Ethics: Reasons, Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships
Introduction
Ethics: Definitions
Ethics throughout the Research Process
Ethics of Different Data Collection Methods
Dual Roles and Dual Relationships
Ethical Dilemmas
Researcher Perspectives
Institutional Review Board
Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of Ethics
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
Section II: Data Collection
5 Making Questionnaires Work for You
Introduction
Why Use Questionnaires?
Empathy and the Psychology of Questionnaire Responses
Key Issues in Questionnaire Design
How Do I Put Together the Questionnaire?
Macro-Level Issues
Questionnaire Description
Questionnaire Design
Demographic Questions
Question Type Selection
Linguistic Considerations
Piloting
Questionnaire Distribution
Sampling
Bias and Possible Errors in Questionnaire Data Collection
Research Validity
Alone or Together?
Questionnaire Data Analysis
Suggested Readings
6 Interviews, Focus Groups and Reflections
Introduction
Why Interview?
The Interactional Nature of Interviews
Structured Interviews
Example Interview Protocol for a (Short) Structured Interview
Semi-Structured Interviews
Open-Ended/Person-Centred Interviews
Effective Interviewing
The Importance of Listening
Interviewing Tools
Focus Groups
Production Tasks
What is Structured Reflection? Why Do it?
Selecting a Reflection Approach that Works for You
Teacher Journals and Diaries
Tools for Student Reflection
Cultural Aspects of Reflection
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
7 Case Studies, Ethnography and Visual Data
Introduction
What is Culture?
Classrooms as Cultures
Case Studies
Why Ethnography?
Autoethnography
Participant-Observation
Field Notes
Collecting Artefacts
Mapping
Photography
Continuous Monitoring
Audio-Recording
Video-Recording
Student-Created Visuals
Data Sharing
Suggested Readings
Online Resources
8 Transcription: Process and Product
Introduction
Transcription
Transcription Process
Transcription Example
Written Transcriptions
Transcripts of Interviews
Translations
Students’ Transcriptions
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
9 Approaches to Collection of Quantitative Data
Introduction
Research Using Quantitative Data in Language Teaching
Example Research Questions
Types of Research Involving Quantitative Data
Variables
Levels of Measurement
Reliability, Validity and Replicability
Sampling
Experimental Research Details
Parametric and Non-Parametric Data
Ethical Considerations
Additional Uses for Quantitative Data Collection
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
Section III: Data Analysis
10 Interpretive Analysis of Qualitative Data
Introduction
Description vs Analysis vs Interpretation
A Reminder about Inductive Research
Steps for Interpretive Analysis
Making a Catalogue of the Entire Dataset
Questions throughout the Interpretive Analysis Process
Selecting the Appropriate Data Analysis Method(s)
Coding
Content Analysis
Discourse Analysis
Discourse Analysis in Your Classroom
Tools for Interpretive Analysis of Qualitative Data
Interrelationships among Coding, Content Analysis and Discourse Analysis
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
11 Approaches to Analysis of Quantitative Data
Introduction
A Review of Quantitative Data Concepts
Stages in Analysis of Quantitative Data
Basic Ways to Summarize Results
Descriptive Statistics
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Inferential Statistics
How to Pick the Right Statistical Analysis Tool and Sharing Your Data
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Section IV: Bringing It All Together
12 Arguments, Implications and Communities of Practice
Introduction
Building an Argument
Synthesis and Triangulation
Inductive–Deductive Relationships
Pedagogical Implications
Sharing Your Data, Findings and Argument
Community of Practice (CoP)
Building Environments that Foster Communities of Practice
Multiple Communities of Practice
The Writing Process Revisited
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
Appendix
Glossary
References
Index