โ Scribed by Gregor, John G.
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
T register of the natural gas industry. The information from these devices is crucial to monitoring and controlling the movement of the industry's commodity, natural gas, from the wellhead to the burner-tip.
In the delivery process, natural gas is handled by many different parties. For instance, before delivery to the actual consumer, natural gas will be handled by the producer, gathering system operator, processor, transmission pipeline, and local distribution company. Therefore, every molecule of natural gas is typically measured a minimum of four times throughout the entire delivery process. Because over 20 trillion cubic feet of natural gas is consumed in the United States annually, the performance of gas measurement systems has a tremendous financial impact. As an example, take an "average" gas price of $4 a thousand cubic feet (actual prices range from approximately $2 to $6 from wellhead to burner-tip). Then, the economic value of the annual amount of U.S. natural gas consumption is over $80 billion.
Natural gas is a commodity that is bought and sold on an energy basis. This basis is usually expressed as BTUs or therms (units of 100,000 BTUs). Because natural gas varies in quality, it is necessary to measure its energy content as well as its volume for accurate custody transfer. Currently, no true energy flow meter technology exists for natural gas applications. Therefore, the common approach is to make separate gas volume and quality measurements and then combine this information for the appropriate total energy value. For these measurements, the John G. Gregor Is pr/nc/p8/ project m8n8ger, gas ftW8SUtWfIWtlt, 8t the G8S ResearCh Institute in Chi-C8gO.
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## Abstract This article reports an improved headspace gas chromatographic (HSโGC) technique for the determination of monomers in polymer latex. The method is based on a HSโGC technique reported previously (Chai et al., J Appl Polym Sci 2006, 99, 392) but includes a major modification in the method