Recent Developments in Reliability-based Civil Engineering

✍ Scribed by Achintya Haldar (Editor)

• Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 296
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Authored by the most active scholars in their respective areas, this volume covers the most recent developments, both theoretical and applicative, in multi-disciplinary reliability evaluation areas, many of which are cutting-edge and not discussed elsewhere in book form. The broad coverage includes the latest thoughts on design for low probability and high consequence events like the failure of the World Trade Center as well as risk acceptability based on the Life Quality Index. Other chapters discuss the development of the performance-based design concept, and the generally overlooked area of the reliability evaluation of bridges and offshore structures. Since the finite element method is routinely used for structural analyses, emphasis is put on discussing reliability evaluation using finite elements including consideration of the mesh-free finite element method. Corrosion and fatigue reliability evaluation techniques are other urgent issues that are dealt with in depth. Risk-based optimization using lifecycle cost analysis is presented. Among the many additional included topics, a chapter is devoted to health assessment of existing structures, currently one of the most active research areas.

✦ Table of Contents

CONTENTS......Page 12
Preface......Page 6
1. Why Risk?......Page 20
2.1. Mathematical basis......Page 21
2.2. Mathematical reliability versus codified design......Page 22
3. Risk and Risk Perception......Page 23
4.1. Issues with events of small probability......Page 25
4.3. Issues of political accountability......Page 26
5.1. Expected value......Page 27
5.2. Minimum regret......Page 28
5.4. Additional criteria......Page 29
6.2. Development, sustainability and intergenerational issues......Page 30
6.4. Economic lifetime......Page 31
6.5. Utility and discounting......Page 32
6.6.2. Aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty......Page 33
6.7. Risk or risk perception?......Page 34
6.8. Political issues......Page 35
References......Page 37
1. Introduction......Page 40
2. Theoretical Developments......Page 41
3. SWTP’s for Some Selected Countries......Page 46
4. Application to Event-Type Hazards from Technical Facilities and the Natural Environment......Page 48
References......Page 49
1. Introduction......Page 52
2.2. Reliability evaluation......Page 53
2.3. E.ect of capacity and epistemic uncertainty......Page 56
2.4. IDA analysis of capacity against incipient collapse......Page 57
2.5. Reliability-based design......Page 58
3.1. Design based on optimization......Page 59
3.2. Design against earthquakes......Page 60
3.3. Design against earthquake and wind hazards......Page 61
4. Application to Vulnerability and Retrofit Analysis......Page 63
5.1. Steel moment frames of different connection ductility capacities......Page 66
5.2. Uniform-risk redundancy factor RR......Page 67
5.3. Moment frames of different configurations......Page 68
References......Page 71
1. Introduction......Page 74
2. Reliability-Based Approaches......Page 77
3.1. Strength performance functions......Page 78
3.2. Serviceability performance functions......Page 79
4. System Reliability......Page 80
4.1. Performance modes (PM) — Brittle behavior of piles......Page 82
4.1.1. Evaluation of the most significant performance mode......Page 83
4.1.2. Upper bound evaluation of the system probability of UP......Page 84
4.2. Performance modes (PM) — Ductile behavior of piles......Page 85
4.2.1. Evaluation of the most significant performance mode......Page 86
5. Illustrative Examples......Page 87
5.1. System reliability bounds considering brittle behavior of piles......Page 88
5.2.1. Calculation of incremental load, P1......Page 89
6. Conclusions......Page 92
References......Page 93
1. Introduction......Page 96
2. Code Calibration......Page 97
3.1. Resistance modeling......Page 98
3.2. Load modeling......Page 99
3.3. Example......Page 100
4. Reliability of Bridge Structural Systems......Page 101
4.2. Ditlevsen’s bounds for systems in series......Page 102
4.3. Parallel systems......Page 103
4.4. Example......Page 104
5. Response Surface Method......Page 105
6. Genetic Algorithms in Bridge System Reliability......Page 107
6.1. Genetic algorithm method......Page 108
6.2. Illustrative example......Page 109
6.3. Analysis of cable-stayed bridge......Page 111
References......Page 114
1.1. Sources of nonlinearities......Page 118
1.2. Frequency-domain analyses of wave loadings......Page 119
1.2.2. Cumulant spectral approach......Page 120
2. Polynomial Approximation of Nonlinear Wave Forces......Page 121
2.1. Morison and inundation drag forces......Page 122
2.2. Least squares approximation (LSA)......Page 123
2.3. Moment-based approximation (MBA)......Page 124
3.1. A third-order Volterra series model......Page 125
3.2. Application to spectral analysis of wave force......Page 126
3.2.2. Power-spectrumof P......Page 128
4.1. Input-output spectral relationship......Page 129
4.2. Correlation functions of F & P......Page 131
4.3. Fourth-order cumulant function of Q......Page 132
4.4. Fourth-order moment function of D......Page 134
5.1. Linear wave......Page 136
5.2. Nonlinear wave......Page 137
5.3. Numerical example......Page 138
References......Page 141
1. The Fatigue Process......Page 144
2. Engineering Descriptions of Fatigue Strength......Page 145
3. Miner’s Rule......Page 146
4.3. Stress uncertainty......Page 149
6. Example. The Lognormal Format......Page 150
7. Same Example. . .Different Statistical Distributions......Page 152
8. Reliability Analysis when Life is an Implicit Function......Page 153
10.Fatigue Design Criteria......Page 154
10.2. Target damage level......Page 155
10.4. Partial safety factor format......Page 156
References......Page 158
1. Introduction......Page 160
2. Factors in Marine Corrosion......Page 162
3.1. General form......Page 164
3.2. Mean value model......Page 165
3.3. Calibration of mean value model......Page 167
3.4. Bias and uncertainty functions b(t, T) and ε(t, T)......Page 169
4.1. Background......Page 171
4.2. Probabilistic pit growth model......Page 173
4.3. Dependence and homogeneity for maximum pit depths......Page 175
4.4. Comparison......Page 176
5.1. Steel composition......Page 177
5.3. Saline and brackish waters......Page 178
5.4. Water pollution......Page 179
References......Page 180
1. Introduction......Page 184
2. A Unified Time-Domain Reliability Assessment of Real Structures......Page 185
2.2. Systematic response surface method......Page 186
2.3. Consideration of uncertainty......Page 188
2.4.1. Strength limit state......Page 189
2.4.2. Serviceability limit state......Page 190
3.1. Modeling of PR connections......Page 191
3.2. Incorporation of PR connections into the FEM......Page 193
4.1. Modeling of shear walls......Page 194
4.2. Incorporation of shear walls into the FEM......Page 195
5.1.1. Seismic risk of the frame with FR connections......Page 196
5.1.2. Seismic risk of the frame with PR connections......Page 199
5.2.1. Reliability analysis of the frame without shear walls......Page 200
5.2.2. Reliability analysis of the frame with shear walls......Page 202
References......Page 204
1. Introduction......Page 206
2.1. Moving least squares and meshless shape function......Page 207
2.2. Variational formulation and discretization......Page 209
3.1. Karhunen-Loeve representation......Page 211
3.2. Gaussian and translation random fields......Page 212
3.3. Meshfree method for solving integral equation......Page 213
3.4. Example 1: Eigensolution for a two-dimensional domain......Page 214
4. Multivariate Function Decomposition......Page 216
4.1. Univariate approximation......Page 217
4.3. Generalized S-variate approximation......Page 219
5.1. General stochastic response......Page 220
5.2. Discrete equilibrium equations......Page 221
5.3. Example 2: Response statistics of a plate with a hole......Page 222
6. Reliability Analysis......Page 224
6.1. Response surface generation......Page 225
6.2. Monte Carlo simulation......Page 226
6.3. Example 3: Reliability analysis of a plate with a hole......Page 227
Acknowledgments......Page 229
References......Page 230
1. Introduction......Page 232
2. Procedure......Page 235
3. Data Collection Process......Page 236
4. Probability Encoding......Page 237
5. Biases in Data......Page 239
6. Summary and Conclusions......Page 244
References......Page 245
1. Introduction......Page 246
2. Cost-Benefit Optimal Technical Facilities......Page 247
3.2. Basic renewal model......Page 248
3.3. Constant benefit and discount rates......Page 249
3.4. Non-constant discounting......Page 250
3.5. Non-constant benefit......Page 251
4. Deteriorating Structures and Numerical Laplace Transforms......Page 252
5.2. Dependent failure modes......Page 253
5.3. r-of-s-system of deteriorating components......Page 255
6. Inspection and Repair of Aging Components......Page 256
7.2. Formulations for time-variant problems......Page 258
8.1. Random capacity and random demand......Page 259
8.2. Optimal replacement of a series system of corroding dependent expansion joints10......Page 262
8.3. Optimal replacement of a reinforced concrete structure (r-of-s-system) subject to chloride corrosion in warm sea water......Page 264
9. Conclusions......Page 265
References......Page 266
1. Introduction......Page 268
2. ILS-EKF-UI Method......Page 270
3. GILS-EKF-UI Method......Page 276
4.1. Example 1......Page 281
4.2. Example 2......Page 283
4.3. Example 3......Page 285
5. Conclusions......Page 286
References......Page 287
Index......Page 290