Latest Developments in Civil Engineering: Proceedings from the International Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Engineering, RACE 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 352)

✍ Scribed by Krishna Kant Pathak (editor), J. M. S. J. Bandara (editor), Ramakant Agrawal (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 991
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (RACE 2022). The contents of this book focus on the recent advancements and innovations in the field of civil engineering and various related areas such as design and development of new sustainable and smart building materials, performance analysis and simulation of steel structures, design and performance optimization of concrete structures, structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering and hydraulics, transportation and bridge engineering, building services design, surveying and remote sensing, engineering management and renewable energy. This book serves as a useful reference to researchers and professionals in the field of civil engineering.

✦ Table of Contents

Conference Committee
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
CTM
To Develop Geopolymer Concrete by Using Pozzolanic Industrial Waste and to Study Their Durability and Mechanical Property
1 Introduction
2 Material Used in Mixed Design
2.1 Cementitious Material
2.2 Alkaline Activator
2.3 Aggregate
2.4 Water
3 Research Methodology and Development of Mixed Design Process
3.1 Design Specifications and Other Data Required for Mixed Design
3.2 Estimation of Entrapped Air Using IS10262:2019
3.3 Process of Development of Content of Fly Ash to Strength Versus Strength of Concrete Curve
3.4 Process of Development of (Alkaline Activator to Fly Ash Ratio) Versus Strength of Concrete Curve
3.5 Estimation of Coarse and Fine Aggregate Content
4 Illustrative Development of M30 Concrete and Its Mechanical Property Analysis
5 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Effect of Untreated Recycled Aggregate on Properties of GPC
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Mix Design
2.3 Preparation of GPC Specimens
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Workability
3.2 Density
3.3 Compressive Strength
3.4 Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)
4 Cost Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
A Critical Appraisal on Green Building Design by Utilizing New Materials and Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Scenario of Green Building in India
3 Alternative Materials and Technologies
4 Green Building Concept and Design
5 Conclusion and Future Recommendation
References
Design of Pre-engineered Building (PEB) Structural Frame
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Design Problem Trails
3.1 Design of Purlin
3.2 Design of Sag Rod
3.3 Design of Built-Up Frame
4 STAAD Pro Software Validation
5 Conclusion
References
Experimental Study on Low-Fines Self-compacting Concrete Using Fly Ash Replacement
1 Introduction
1.1 Importance of Low-Fines Self-compacting Concrete
2 Review of Literature
3 Materials Used
4 Mix Proportions
5 Test Specimens Preparation and Casting
6 Testing of Specimens
7 Results and Discussion
7.1 Properties of Fresh LFSCC
7.2 Properties of Hardened LFSCC
8 Conclusion
References
Utilization of Coal Dust Waste in Bricks an Experimental Approach
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Material Used
4 Methodology
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Lightweight Concrete by Using Waste Materials
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Literature Gap
4 Materials
4.1 Cement
4.2 Glass Powder (Fine Aggregate)
4.3 Plastic Aggregate
5 Experimental Procedure
6 Preparing Lightweight Concrete
6.1 Preparation of Glass Fine Aggregate
6.2 Making of Plastic Aggregates
7 Result and Discussion
7.1 Concrete Compressive Strength
7.2 Weight Comparison
7.3 Cost Analysis of Concrete
7.4 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test (NDT)
8 Conclusion
References
Improving Pedestrian Movements in Congested Urban Areas
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Research Problem
1.3 Research Objective
2 Literature Review
2.1 Walkability
2.2 Acceptable Walking Distance
2.3 Pedestrian Route Identification
2.4 Pedestrian Route Choice
2.5 Shortest Path
2.6 Application of Dijkstra’s Algorithm
2.7 Long Walking Trips
2.8 Pedestrian Demand in Medium Size City
3 Methodology
3.1 Framework Development
3.2 Study Area Identification
3.3 Study Area Identification Using ArcGIS
3.4 Pedestrian Route Choice
3.5 Origin–Destination Matrix Development
3.6 Analysis of the Model and Results
4 Application of Google Speed Data Analysis
4.1 Google Map Travel Time and Distance Data Extraction to Google Sheet
4.2 Results Validation
5 Conclusion
References
Study on the Strength Behavior of Clay Blended with Nonwoven Surgical Masks Fabrics
1 Introduction and Literature Review
2 Material Used in the Production of the Masks
2.1 Impact of Mask Waste on the Environment
3 Methodology
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Experimental Study on the Use of Pond Ash and Walnut Shell in Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Material Used
4 Methodology
5 Results
5.1 Slump Cone Test Results
5.2 Compressive Strength Test Results
5.3 Flexural Strength Test Results
5.4 Results for Suitable Replacement
6 Conclusion
Reference
Process Management of Project Activities in a High-Rise Building Using Primavera
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Process Management
3.2 Stress Analysis
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Duration of Activities
4.2 Gantt Chart
4.3 Timeline According to WBS Section
4.4 Stress Analysis Results
5 Conclusion
References
An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Using Magnetized Water
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Motivation
4 Problem Domain
5 Problem Definition
6 Statement
7 Materials
7.1 Cement
7.2 Fine Aggregates
7.3 Coarse Aggregates
7.4 Magnetized Water
7.5 Sugarcane Bagasse
8 Methodology
9 Results
10 Conclusion
References
Cost Benefit Analysis of Adoption of Renewable Energy (Solar) in a Residential Building—A Case Study on Residential Apartment in Pune
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Data Collection
4 Case Study
5 Market Research
6 Results and Discussion
7 Future Scope of Work
8 Conclusion
References
“Study on Binary and Ternary Blended Concrete”
1 Introduction
1.1 General
2 Literature Review
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Materials
4 Results and Discussion
5 Hardened Properties of Ternary Blended Material
6 Conclusions
References
Condition Evaluation of Concrete Through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
1 Introduction
2 Following the Objectives of the Present Research
3 Literature Review
4 Experiment of Programs and Results
5 Conclusions and Discussion
References
Flow Characteristics of Cement Mortar with Varied Silica Fume for Additive Construction
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Material
2.2 Methodology
2.3 Test Methods
3 Mix Proportion and Experimental Work
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Fly Ash and Polypropylene Fibre on Environmentally Sustainable Precast CC Paver Blocks
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Literature Review
4 Methodology for the Present Study
5 Experimental Programme
5.1 Used Materials
5.2 Coarse Aggregates (CA)
5.3 FA (Fine Aggregate)
5.4 Chemical Admixture (Super Plasticiser)
5.5 Water
5.6 PP (Polypropylene)
5.7 Compressive Strength Test
5.8 Flexural Strength Test
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Compressive Strength
6.2 Flexural Strength
6.3 Cost Effectiveness
7 Conclusions
References
Embodied Energy Analysis of Different Types of Wall Insulating Materials Used in Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Related Previous Researches
3 Present Methodology
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Relationship Between Properties of Plastic Composite Construction Material
1 Introduction
2 Method and Data Collection
3 Relationship Between Properties of Plastic Composite Construction Material
3.1 Compressive Strength Versus Flexural Strength
3.2 Compressive Strength Versus Split Tensile Strength
3.3 Compressive Strength Versus Density
3.4 Compressive Strength Versus Water Absorption
4 Evaluation Metrics
5 Conclusion
References
Prediction of Compressive Strength of Plastic Composite Construction Material Using Artificial Neural Network
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Dataset and Methods
3 Conclusion
References
Estimating the Life Cycle Cost of a Structures–Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Life Cycle Cost of a Concrete Structures
3 Conclusions and Discussion
References
Environmental Engineering
Design of Grey Water Treatment Using Community Soak Pit Method
1 Introduction
1.1 Technology Options for Grey Water Treatment
1.2 Comparison Between Decentralized and Centralized
2 Methodology
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Population Method
3.2 Design of Community Soak Pit
3.3 Soak Pit Ring Design
4 Conclusions
References
Experimental Analysis of Impact of Solar Chimney on Ventilation Rate in a Building
1 Introduction
1.1 Energy Demand in Buildings
2 Future Energy Needs
3 Parameters Affecting Energy Performance of Buildings
4 Passive Ventilation in Buildings
5 Solar Chimney
6 Experimental and Analytical Investigations
6.1 Analytical Analysis
6.2 Experimental Set-Up
7 Results and Discussions
8 Conclusion
References
Microplastics in the Environment: Its Sources, Occurrence, Impact on Human Health and Environment
1 Introduction
2 Sources of Microplastics
3 Occurrence
3.1 Microplastic in Aquatic Environment
3.2 Microplastic in Sediments
3.3 Microplastic in Soil
3.4 Microplastics in Air
4 Impacts on Ecosystem
5 Effects on Human Health
6 Conclusion
References
Face Masks: New Source of Microplastic Release in the Environment
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Visual Counting and Qualification of Microplastic
4 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Geotechnical Engineering
Behaviour of Skirt Raft Foundation on Sandy Soil Using Plaxis 2D
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modelling
2.1 Geometrical Properties of Sand and Skirt
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Effect of Load
3.2 Effect of Raft Foundation Width
3.3 Effect of Skirt Angle
3.4 Effect of Skirt Depth Ratio
4 Conclusion
References
Use of RBI Grade 81 and Coir Fiber for Stabilization of Expansive Soil
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Material Used
4 Methodology
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
The Adoption of Deep Belief Network Classifier with Shark Smell Optimizer to Predict the Soil Liquefaction
1 Introduction
1.1 Contribution Work to This Paper
2 Literature Review
3 Stepwise Interpretation of Soil Liquefaction Prediction Approach
3.1 Deterministic Approach
3.2 Introduction of a Database of SPT
4 Proposed Soil Liquefaction Prediction Model
4.1 Pre-processing via Data Normalisation
4.2 Feature Extraction by Using Chi Square Features
4.3 DBN Classifier
5 Shark Smell Optimization Model
5.1 The Pseudo-Code of SSO Approach is Shown in Algorithm
6 Results and Discussions
6.1 Simulation Setup
6.2 Performance Analysis
7 Conclusion
References
Effect of Geosynthetics Position on Shallow Anchor Uplift Capacity
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Sand and Reinforcement Material
2.2 Test Tank and Anchor Plate
3 Experimental Test Setup
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Use of Polyethylene and Cement Material Is for Strengthening of Soil
1 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
2 Literature Review
2.1 The Value of Polymers
3 Experimental Investigations
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Material Used
3.3 Tests Conducted
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Results of the Unconfined Compression Test
4.2 Unconfined Compression Test Result
4.3 Flexible Pavement Design (As Per IRC: 37-2012)
4.4 Cost Analysis for Pavement Per Kilometer of Road Length
5 Conclusion
6 Future Research Potential
References
“Use of Fly Ash in Stabilization of Soil with Shrinking and Swelling Properties”
1 Introduction
2 Fly Ash
3 Objective
4 Literature Review
5 Methodology and Materials
5.1 Materials
5.2 Methodology Adopted
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Standard Proctor Test for Soil Fly Ash Mixture
6.2 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test
6.3 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test
6.4 Free Swell Ratio and Plasticity Index
7 Conclusion
References
Impact of Soil Property in Selection of Stabilisation Technique—A Review
1 Introduction
2 Discussion
2.1 Factors Affecting Selection of Soil Binders
3 Conclusion
4 Future Scope
References
Analysis of Alternative Soil Binders and Their Effect on Soil: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Advancement on The Alternate Novel Binding Agent
2.1 Alternate Binders for Which Bitumen is the Main Content
2.2 Enzyme-Based Alternative Binders
2.3 Soil Remediation Based on Biopolymer
2.4 Creating Alternatives from Waste Materials
2.5 Sustainable Alternative to Soil Binders
3 Changes In Soil Parameters Resulting From the Use of Different Soil Binders
3.1 Compressive Strength
3.2 Impact on Plasticity
3.3 Capacity to Support Loads
3.4 Shear Strength
3.5 Heavy Metal Stability
3.6 An Increase in Both CBR and Permeability
4 Conclusion
5 Future Scope
5.1 Shoulder Strengthening
5.2 Effect of These Binders on the Agricultural Sector
5.3 Effect of Different Oil Types on Rejuvenation of Asphalt
5.4 Different Types of Bone from Different Animal
References
Ground Improvement of Cohesive Soil with Demolished Construction Waste—An Experimental Study
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Methodology
3.1 Compaction
3.2 Specific Gravity
3.3 Permeability
3.4 Shear
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Compaction
4.2 Specific Gravity
4.3 Permeability
4.4 Shear
5 Conclusion Summary
References
Structural Engineering
Optimization of Intze Type Water Tank Using Machine Learning
1 Introduction
1.1 Intze Tank
2 Methodology
2.1 Manual Design
2.2 Estimation
2.3 Machine Learning Procedure
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Comparison of Results
4 Conclusion
References
Seismic Analysis of Building on Sloping Ground Including Soil-Structure Interaction
1 Introduction
1.1 Buildings on Sloping Ground
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 General
3.2 Modeling
4 Seismic Analysis
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Time Period
5.2 Base Shear, VB (kN)
5.3 Peak Story Shear in X Direction
5.4 Peak Story Shear in Z Direction
5.5 Story Drift
5.6 Maximum Bending Moments
5.7 Maximum Shear Forces
5.8 Maximum Absolute Stress (kN/m2)
6 Conclusions
References
Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall by Machine Learning
1 Introduction
1.1 Shear Wall
2 Methodology
2.1 Optimization
2.2 Machine Learning
3 Modelling
3.1 Floor Planning Details
3.2 Manual Design
3.3 Floor Planning Details
3.4 Material Properties
3.5 Seismic Weight of the Building
3.6 Base Shear
3.7 Lateral Loads and Shear Forces at Different Floor Levels Are Given
3.8 Moment and Shear Force
3.9 Stresses and Material Properties
4 Estimation
5 Utilizing the Specimens Designed for Machine Learning
6 Results and Discussion
7 Comparison of Results
8 Conclusion
References
Computation of Stress Block Parameters of Rectangular RC Column at Elevated Temperatures
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 ISO-834 Standard Fire Curve
4 Temperature-Dependent Strain Values in Concrete for Siliceous and Calcareous Type Aggregates
5 Calculation of Depth of Fulcrum in Strain Distribution
6 Calculation of Stress Block Parameters
7 Conclusion
References
Innovative Sustainable Design and Techniques: A Review of Literature
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Sustainable Building Design: A Review
2.2 Innovative Sustainable Ratings
2.3 Green Building Challenge
2.4 Innovative Sustainable Materials
2.5 Innovative Value Engineering
3 Conclusion Summary
References
Analysis of a High Rise Building Frame Under Wind Pressure Considering Steel RCC Composite Structure
1 Introduction
1.1 Composite Structures
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
4 Analysis Results
4.1 The Greatest Possible Torque of Bending in KN-M
5 Conclusion
References
Parametric Study of Castellated Steel Beams
1 Introduction
2 Advantages of CBs
2.1 Disadvantages of CBs/Limitations
3 Methodology
3.1 Procedure of Study
3.2 Parametric Study
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Comparison of Deflection Between I-beams and Castellated Beams [18–20]
4.2 Results and Discussion Summary
5 Conclusions
6 Scope of the Future Work
References
Effect of Incremental Loading with Construction Sequence Analysis of an RCC Floating Column Building Located in High Seismic Prone Areas
1 Introduction
2 Concept of Floating Column
3 Method of Analysis
4 Significance of Study
5 Methodology and Modelling
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Untitled
Analysis and Design of Irregular Multi-story Building Having Visco-elastic Dampers
1 Introduction
1.1 Visco Elastic Dampers
2 Analysis
3 Methodology
4 Modelling
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Frequency Analysis of Self-supported Steel Chimneys
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
4 Numerical Study
5 Results
5.1 Frequencies and Time Period
5.2 Mode Shapes
6 Conclusions
References
Effect of Lateral Stiffness on Propped Embedded Retaining Walls’ Structure
1 Introduction
2 Finite-Element Model and Procedures
2.1 Parametric Variables
2.2 Soil and Structural Parameters
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Effect of Wall Stiffness
3.2 Effect of Lateral Stiffness
4 Limitations and Further Scope
4.1 Limitations
4.2 Further Scope
5 Conclusion
References
Pushover Analysis Method Applied to a Building with and Without a Shear Wall and Analyzing Placement of Shear Walls
1 Introduction
1.1 Reinforced Concrete (RC) Shear Walls
2 Analysis
3 Methodology
4 Modeling
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Flexure Behavior of Hybrid-Reinforced Concrete Beams Consisting of PVA Fibers and GFRP Bars
1 Introduction
1.1 Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
1.2 Advantages of GFRP Rebars
1.3 Poly Vinyl Alcohol Fibers (PVA)
1.4 Applications of PVA Fibers
1.5 Plasticizer
2 Mix Design of Concrete
2.1 Mix Proportions
3 Beam Detailing
4 Test Results and Discussions
4.1 Workability
4.2 Compressive Strength Test
4.3 Split Tensile Strength Test
4.4 Split Tensile Strength of 28 days
4.5 Flexure Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams
4.6 Four-Point Bending Test Results
5 Conclusions
References
Performance of a High-Rise Building Frame with Composite Columns in Non-linear Analysis Using ETABS
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Literature Review
4 Methodology
5 Analysis of Results
5.1 Cost Analysis
5.2 Minimum Section Size of Columns
6 Conclusion
References
Maximal Support Reaction Analysis of the Impact of Infill Masonry and Floating Columns on a Seismic Zone-II High-Rise Building
1 Introduction
1.1 Movable Column
2 Literature Review
3 Experimental Study
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Structure Model
3.3 Structure Description
4 Research Methodology
4.1 Using Codal Provisions to Guide the Design of an Earthquake-Resistant Building
4.2 Analyzing Linearly
4.3 Basic Provisions of the Code
4.4 Techniques for Response Spectrum Analysis in STAAD Pro
5 Result Analysis
5.1 Load Up the Roof
5.2 Loading for STAAD Pro
5.3 Loads on the Other Floors
5.4 Loading for STAAD Pro
5.5 Outcome Comparing Infill and Not Infill Structure
5.6 Comparison of the Infill and Without Infill Conditions for Vertical Position
5.7 Horizontal Position Infill and Without Infill Condition Comparison
5.8 Cost Comparison
6 Conclusions
6.1 General
6.2 The Works Scope
References
Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Structure by Using Design Softwares with Consideration of Lateral Loads
1 Introduction
1.1 Aim of the Study
1.2 Objectives of the Study
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Flowchart
3.2 Load Calculation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Case 1: Ground+5
4.2 Case-2: Ground+10
4.3 Case 3: Ground+15
4.4 Case 4: Ground+20
5 Cost Analysis
5.1 Case I: G+5
5.2 Case II: G+10
5.3 Case III: G+15
5.4 Case IV G+20
6 Conclusion
6.1 A. Ground+5 Storey
6.2 B. Ground+10 Storey
6.3 C. Ground+15 Storey
6.4 D. Ground+20 Storey
6.5 Future Scope
References
Evaluation of Ductility of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams Made with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rebar
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Hybrid Fibers
1.3 Ductility of the Concrete
1.4 GFRP Bar
1.5 PVA Fibers
1.6 Applications of PVA Fiber
1.7 Mix Proportions
2 Beam Detailing
3 Test Results and Discussions
3.1 Flexure Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams
3.2 Ductility Factor
4 Conclusions
References
Effect of Span Length on the Doubly Optimized Prestressed Concrete Beams
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Modeling in SSCO
3 Validation and Convergence Study
4 Results
4.1 Load Case 1: Three-Point Load (3PL)
4.2 Load Case 2: Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
4.3 Load Case 3: Uniformly Varying Load (UVL)
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Evaluation of Flexure Performance of Beam Hybridized with PVA Fiber and GFRP Bars
1 Introduction
1.1 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
1.2 GFRP Rebar
1.3 PVA Fibers
1.4 Applications of PVA Fiber
1.5 Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
2 Theoretical and Experimental Work
2.1 Mix Proportions of M70-Grade Concrete
2.2 Comparison of PCE, SNF Plasticizer, and PVA Fiber Dosage for m70 Mix
2.3 Compressive Strength Testing for 28 days
2.4 Split Tensile Strength of 28 days
3 Discussion of Results
4 Conclusions
References
Experimental Investigation on Flexural Strength of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Bamboo as an Engineering Material
1.3 Bonding Strength
2 Selection of Best Bamboo
2.1 Moisture Content of Bamboo
2.2 Shrinkage of Bamboo
2.3 Compressive Strength of Bamboo
2.4 Tensile Strength of Bamboo
2.5 Shear Strength of Bamboo
3 Flexural Strength of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
ANN-Based Model to Forecast the Compressive Strength Based on the Properties of Fresh Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Collection of Data
4 Conclusions and Discussions
References
A Comparative Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube and Aluminum Tube Columns Subjective to Axial Load
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 FE Modeling Details
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Transportation Engineering
Evaluating the Ease of Access to Public Transport Systems in Urban and Suburban Centers
1 Introduction
2 Literature and Concept Review
3 Methodology and Demonstration
3.1 Initial Analysis
3.2 Detail Analysis—Malabe (Application)
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Experimental Study on Aging of Different Grades of Bitumen for Bituminous Mixes Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT)
3 Preparation of Crumb Rubber Modifies Bitumen
4 Gradation of Aggregate
5 Results
5.1 Unmodified Bitumen VG30
5.2 RTFOT Unmodified Bitumen VG30
5.3 Modified Bitumen CRMB55
5.4 RTFOT-Modified Bitumen CRMB55
6 Comparison Between the Different Grades of Bitumen
6.1 VG30
6.2 CRMB55
7 Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Threshold Enabled Measure to Evaluate the Travel Time Reliability Performance
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Evaluation of Bus Transport Travel Time Reliability Performance Between Bus Stops
3.2 Travel Time Reliability Performance Between Bus Stops
3.3 Method of Analysis
3.4 Validation of the Indicator
3.5 Data Collection
4 Results
5 Findings and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Comparison Study on R.A.P with Old Asphalt Aggregate with Virgin Bitumen
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 Asphalt Content Tester
3.2 Aged Materials
4 Results
5 Charts
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Enhancement Penetration Resistance of Load by Using Coconut Coir Fiber and Copper Slag for Unpaved Roads
1 Introduction
2 Review of the Literature
3 The Materials that Were Used
3.1 Sample Soil Collected location
3.2 Copper Slag (CS)
3.3 Coconut Coir Fiber
4 Methodology
4.1 Relative Density Test
4.2 Free Swell Index of Soil Test
4.3 Grain Size Analysis Test
4.4 Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit
4.5 Compaction Test
4.6 California Bearing Ratio Test
4.7 Plate Bearing Test
5 Discussion and Result
5.1 Mechanical Characteristics of Soil
5.2 Characteristics of Copper Slag
5.3 Coir Geo-Textile Properties
5.4 Compaction Test Values
5.5 Soaked and Unsoaked CBRT Values
6 Conclusion
References
Land Use—Classification by Machine Learning Classifiers Using Landsat 8 Imagery
1 Introduction
1.1 Inspiration and Objective
2 Study Area
3 Data
4 Detail Steps for Classification of Area
5 Empirical Result
6 Conclusion
References
A Comprehensive Review on Travel Time Strategies for Performance Improvement of Public Transport System
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Need of the Study
4 Strategies for Travel Time Performance Improvement
4.1 Strategy for Access Time Performance Improvement
4.2 Strategies for Travel Time Performance Improvement
4.3 Strategies for Egress Time Performance Improvement
5 Conclusion
References
Engineering Properties of Paver Block Prepared by Incorporation of Stone Dust as Part Replacement of River Sand for Heavy Traffic Condition
1 Introduction
2 Material Used and Methodology
2.1 Cement
2.2 Fine Aggregate
2.3 Coarse Aggregate
2.4 Stone Dust
2.5 Paver Block Design
2.6 Mix Design
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Compressive Strength
3.2 Flexural Strength
3.3 Water Absorption
3.4 Abrasion Resistance
4 Conclusion
References
Characterization of Paver Block Developed Using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) for Medium Traffic Condition
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Material Used
3.1 Cement
3.2 Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
3.3 Fine Aggregate
3.4 Coarse Aggregate
4 Paver Block Design
5 Mix Design
6 Result and Analysis
6.1 Compressive Strength
6.2 Flexural Strength
6.3 Workability
6.4 Water Absorption
6.5 Abrasion Resistance
7 Conclusion
References
A Comprehensive Analysis of Paver Block Using Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP) for Light Traffic Condition
1 Introduction
2 Material & Methodology
2.1 Cement
2.2 Fine Aggregate
2.3 Coarse Aggregate
2.4 Ceramic Powder
3 Paver Block Design
4 Mix Design
5 Result and Discussion
5.1 Compressive Strength
5.2 Flexural Strength
5.3 Water Absorption
5.4 Abrasion Resistance
6 Conclusion
References
“Incorporation of Polythene for Improvement of Dense Graded Bituminous Macadam”
1 Introduction
2 Gap Identification
3 Problem Identification
4 Objectives
5 Literature Review
6 Methodology
7 Results and Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Time and Cost Optimization of Unitized Façade Using Pull Planning Technique
1 Introduction
1.1 Unitized Façade Systems
2 Related Work
2.1 Review of Previous Case Study on Critical Path Method
2.2 Complexities in the Traditional Critical Path Method (CPM)
3 Research Method
3.1 Lean Construction Principles
3.2 Pull Planning Technique
3.3 The Consistent Process Involved in Pull Planning Technique
4 Data Collection
4.1 Case Study
4.2 Issues Identified in the Execution Process
4.3 Utilizing Coloured Sticky Notes in Unitized Façade Execution
5 Data Analysis
5.1 Creating Baseline Schedule Before Use of Pull Planning Technique
5.2 Creating an Actual Schedule After Utilizing Pull Planning Technique
6 Results
6.1 Comparison Between Baseline and Actual Schedule
6.2 Baseline Schedule
6.3 Actual Schedule
7 Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Traffic Estimation and Management Using GIS Mapping
1 Introduction
2 Brief Review of Literature
3 Statement of the Problem
4 Methodology
5 Case Study: Replica and Database Creation
6 Results and Discussions
7 Conclusion
References
Time Cost Optimization Applied in Transit Camps
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Site Layout Plans
3.2 Site Images of Transit Camps (G+7)
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
WRE
Principal Causes of Soil Erosion in a Watershed from the Ganga Basin, India: Evidence from Land Use Land Cover Dynamics
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and Data Used
3 Methodology
3.1 SWAT Modeling
3.2 Calibration and Validation of SWAT
3.3 Multivariate Linear Regression Technique
3.4 Estimating the Weight/Coefficients of Parameters
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Optimisation of Irrigation Water Utilisation of Reservoir by Using Meta-heuristic Approach
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Computation of Demand
4 Development of Model
4.1 Objective Function
4.2 Constraints
5 Data Collection and Discussion
6 Computation of Water Demand
7 Release Results at Various Initial Storages
8 Conclusion
References
Projection of Drought Indices Trend over the Lower Bundelkhand Region in Central India
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and data
3 Methodology
3.1 Statistical Test for Trend and Variability Analysis
3.2 Assessment of Drought Indices
4 Results
4.1 Estimation of Future Drought
4.2 Trend Analysis of Future Drought
5 Conclusions
References
A Case Study to Optimise the Operation Schedule for Irrigation Reservoir Using Harmony Search Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Computation of Demand
2.2 Potential Evapotranspiration
2.3 Optimisation
3 Model Development
3.1 Constraints Used for Irrigation Demand
3.2 Reservoir Storage—Capacity Constraints
3.3 Data Collection and Analysis
4 Results
4.1 Computation of Demand of Water
4.2 Results of Releases at Various Initial Storages
4.3 Computations of Final Relative Yield Ratios for Different Initial Storages
5 Discussion on Results
6 Conclusion
References