Recent Advances in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of CTCS 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 256)

✍ Scribed by Lakshman Nandagiri (editor), M. C. Narasimhan (editor), Shriram Marathe (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1088
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering Trends and Challenges for Sustainability (CTCS 2021). It discusses emerging and latest research and advances in sustainability in different areas of civil engineering, providing solutions to sustainable development. Various topics covered include sustainable construction technology & building materials; structural engineering, transportation and traffic engineering, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, water resources engineering, remote sensing and GIS applications. This book will be of potential interest to researchers and professionals working in sustainable civil engineering and related fields.

✦ Table of Contents

Organizing Committee
List of Reviewers
List of Session Chairs
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Suggested Modification in Bedding, Specimen Surface and Load Transferring Plate of Standard ACI 544—2R RBDWI Test in Fibrous Concrete—SIFCON and Prepacked Aggregate
1 Introduction
2 Standard RBDWI Test by ACI-544-2R
3 Reasons to Modify the Testing Procedure
4 Suggested Modifications for the Standard ACI 544-2R RBDWI Testing Method
4.1 Sand Bedding
4.2 Coarse Bedding
4.3 Modification of Specimen and the Loading Pattern
4.4 Preparation of Grout and Aggregate Used
5 Verification of the Experiment
6 Results and Discussions
7 Failure Pattern
8 Conclusion
References
Spatial SWOT Analysis: An Approach for Urban Regeneration
1 Introduction
2 SWOT Analysis
3 The Study Area
4 Methodology
4.1 Mapping the SWOT Factors on the Base Map by the Researcher
4.2 Appropriating Scores to the Various Factors
4.3 Mapping of the SPACE Matrix
4.4 Identifying the Design Strategies to Be Adopted
5 The Process Carried Out
5.1 Mapping the SWOT Factors/rating
5.2 Appropriating Scores to the Various Factors
5.3 Mapping of the SPACE Matrix
5.4 Results: Identifying the Design Strategies to be Adopted
6 Discussions and Conclusions
References
Assessment of Concrete Workability Using Conical Funnel
1 Introduction
2 Theory and Concept of Conical Funnel
2.1 Principle of Measurement of Workability
2.2 Factors Affecting Workability
2.3 Criteria for Developing New Workability Test Device
3 Methodology
3.1 Material for Concrete Mix Proportioning
3.2 Trial Studies on Device
4 Experimental Studies
4.1 Mix Proportions of Normal Conventional Concrete
4.2 Mix Proportions of Self-compacting Concrete
4.3 Test Procedure Using Conical Funnel Apparatus
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Conical Funnel Results Correlated with Slump Cone Test
5.2 Conical Funnel Results Correlated with Compaction Factor Test
5.3 Conical Funnel Correlated with Slump Flow for SCC
5.4 Conical Funnel Correlated with V-funnel
5.5 Conical Funnel Correlated with J-Ring
5.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Conical Funnel
6 Conclusion
7 Scope and Opportunities
References
Phycoremediation: An Advanced Treatment Approach for Domestic Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Expert System Classifier for RS Data Classification
1 Introduction
2 Data Products and Study Area
3 Expert System Classifier
3.1 Inference Engine
3.2 Band Ratioing
3.3 Expert System Construction
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Observations
5 Conclusions
References
Applications of Geospatial Technologies and Wetspass Model in Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Sana River Catchment, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Sources
2.3 Thematic Layer Preparation
2.4 WetSpass Model Description
2.5 Water Balance Per Raster Cell
2.6 Wetspass Model Input Data Preparation
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Output of WetSpass
3.2 Surface Runoff
3.3 Actual Evapotranspiration (AET)
4 Model Verification
5 Conclusions
References
Relational Study of PM2.5 Surface Concentration with MODIS Level 3 AOD Data Over India
1 Introduction
2 Data Sets
2.1 Satellite AOD Data
2.2 Surface Measurements
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Graphical Analysis
4.2 Regression Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Behavior of Fully and Partially Encased Stone Column in Black Cotton Soil
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Black Cotton Soil
2.2 Stone Chips
2.3 Geotextile
2.4 Lime
2.5 Grouting Material
3 Methodology
3.1 Model Dimensions
3.2 Black Cotton Soil Bed
3.3 Lime Grouting
3.4 Formation of Stone Column
3.5 Formation of Fully Encased Column
3.6 Formation of Partially Encased Column
3.7 Experimental Setup
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1 Load Tests
4.2 UTBCS Load Test
4.3 OSC Load Test
4.4 PESC Load Test
4.5 FESC Load Test
4.6 Comparisons of Load Test
4.7 Enhancement of Load Limit Ratio
4.8 Outcomes of Load Test
5 Conclusions
References
Applications of Geospatial Technologies and Frequency Ratio Method in Groundwater Potential Mapping in Iyenda River Catchment, Konso Area, Rift Valley, Ethiopia
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Collection and Preparation of Thematic Layers
2.3 Thematic Layers Preparation
2.4 Frequency Ratio Model and Identification of Potential Groundwater Zone
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Analysis of the Relationship Between Frequency Ratio and Thematic Layers
3.2 Groundwater Potential Assessment
3.3 Model Validation
4 Conclusions
References
Study on Variation of Leaf Temperature at Different Stages of Growth of Brinjal Crops
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussions
4 Soil Moisture in Between Leaf and Air Temperatures
5 Statistical Analysis
6 Summary and Conclusions
References
The Effect on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties by Varying GGBS Content and NaOH Solution Concentration in Alkaline Solution of Fly-Ash-Based Self-compacting Geopolymer Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Materials Used
3.1 Fly Ash
3.2 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)
3.3 Alkaline Activators
3.4 Superplasticizer
3.5 Aggregates
3.6 Mix Proportions
4 Engineering Properties and Test Results of SCGC
4.1 Test Result of SCGC on Slump Flow
4.2 Test Result of SCGC on Shear Strength
4.3 Test Result of SCGC on Impact Strength Test
5 Microstructure Studies
5.1 Evaluation of Microstructure and Compressive Strength with Age w.r.t. Different Binder Composition and Molarity
6 Conclusion
References
An Experimental Study on Self-Compacting Concrete by Using Silica Fume and Fly Ash
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Experimental Investigation
3.1 Components
3.2 Mix Proportioning
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Workability Test
4.2 Hardnesned Properties of Concrete
5 Conclusion
References
Feasibility of Utilization of ECC Mix in Pavement Construction
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Fibers
2.2 Tensile Strength
2.3 Compressive Strength
2.4 Exposure to Climatic Conditions
2.5 Life Cycle Analysis
2.6 Green ECC
2.7 Application of ECC as an Interlayer
2.8 Application of a ECC as an Overlay
2.9 Relation Between Flexural and Compressive Strengths For ECC
3 Conclusion
References
Experimental and Analytical Comparative Analysis on Effectiveness of Different Wrapping Techniques for Two Way RC Slabs Using Different International Guidelines
1 Introduction
2 Literature
2.1 Research Gap
2.2 Objectives of the Work
3 Materials
4 Methodology
5 Experimental Setup
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Retrofit Guidelines Towards Achievement of Net Zero Energy in a University Building
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Survey of Selected Building with Luxmeter
2.2 Building Modeling and Power Optimization Through Revit
2.3 Investigation of Retrofit Options
2.4 Cost Analysis
3 Luxmeter Survey and Analysis of Lux Values
4 Modeling Using Revit
5 Investigation of Retrofit Options and Strategies
5.1 Solar Panels
5.2 Green Roofing
5.3 XPS and EPS Panels
5.4 HVAC Commissioning
6 Energy Analysis Using Revit Insight
7 Cost Analysis
8 Observations
9 Conclusion
10 Future Scope
11 Highlights
References
Experimental Studies on Pull-Out Behavior of Piles
1 Introduction
2 Literature Studies
3 Pile Soil Interaction
4 Methodology
5 Materials Used
5.1 Model Tank
5.2 Model Piles
5.3 Lateritic Soil (LS)
5.4 Red Earth (RE)
6 Experimental Results and Discussions
6.1 Variation of Pull-Out Resistance with Moisture Content
6.2 Variation of Interfacial Friction with Moisture Content
6.3 Variation of Skin Friction with Moisture Content
7 Conclusions
References
Reviewing the Mechanical Properties of FA and GGBS-Based Geo-polymer Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregates
1 Introduction
2 Process and Mechanism of Geopolymerization
3 Materials Involved
3.1 Fly Ash
3.2 Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
3.3 Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)
3.4 Alkali Activating Solutions
3.5 Superplasticizer
4 GPC Mix Design
5 Mechanical Properties of GPC
5.1 Compressive Strength
5.2 Flexural Strength
5.3 Split Tensile Strength
5.4 Modulus of Elasticity
6 Major Outcomes, Limitations, and Future Scope
References
Structural Damage Detection for Plates Using Flexibility Based Strain Energy Method
1 Introduction
2 Previous Studies on Flexibility Method
3 Damage Detection Procedure
4 Numerical Analysis
5 Results
5.1 Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes
5.2 Damage Detection Results
6 Conclusions
References
Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Unsaturated Zone from Field and Lab Methods
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Investigation Sites
2.3 Determination of Soil Physical Properties
2.4 Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Physical Properties of Soil
3.2 Comparison of the Results of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Obtained from Field, Lab, and Estimated Values by Rawls Equation
4 Conclusion
Bibliography
Analyzing Compliance of Façade Passive Fire Resistance as Per ASTM E2307
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
2.1 Carlton Tower, Bengaluru
2.2 Sunrise Hospital of Dreams Mall, Mumbai
2.3 ESIC Hospital, Mumbai
2.4 Rolta Technology Park, Andheri, Mumbai
3 Passive Fire Protection
3.1 Key Considerations for Designing the Perimeter Barrier and Firestop Requirement [21]
4 A Brief Summary of Codebooks
5 Preventive Measure in a Potential Fire
5.1 Engineering Judgements
5.2 Limitations of Thermafiber Safing
6 Conclusion
References
Performance of RCC Column Retrofitted with CFRP Wrappings and the Wrappings with Steel Angle-Batten Jacketing Under Blast Loading
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modeling
2.1 Explosion Loading
2.2 Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) Model
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Application of CFRP Wrappings (2mm)
3.2 CFRP Wrappings with Steel Angles and Wide Battens (5mm)
3.3 CFRP Wrappings with Steel Angles and Wide Battens (8 mm)
4 Conclusions
References
Simulation Modeling of Impact of Multi-class Heavy Vehicles on Traffic Flow Characteristics of Multi-lane Highways Under Mixed Traffic Conditions Using VISSIM Software
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Heavy Commercial Vehicles: Following Behavior and Interactions with Other Class Vehicles
3 Methodology
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Data Extraction
3.3 Development of Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams
3.4 Modeling in VISSIM
3.5 Calibration and Multi-run Simulation of the Model
3.6 Analysis of Impact of Heavy Vehicles
4 Statistical Analysis
5 Simulation Analysis
5.1 Validation of the Basic Model
5.2 Analysis of Traffic Data
6 Comparison Between Field and Simulation Results
7 Conclusion and Further Work
References
Water Quality Index, Correlation and Regression Analysis in Temple Pond Water Study
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Source of Sample Water
2.3 Sampling of Water
3 Water Quality Index
4 Statistical Analysis
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Water Quality Parameters
5.2 Water Quality Index
5.3 Correlation and Regression Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
Strengthening of Axially Loaded Circular RC Column under Close-In and Contact Blasts: A Numerical Investigation
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modeling
2.1 Model Description
2.2 Blast Loading
2.3 Material Damage Modeling
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Response of Equivalent Circular Column Under Close-In and Contact Explosions
3.2 Effect of UHPC Coating on the Circular Column Under Close-In and Contact Blast Loadings
3.3 Effect of UHPFRC Coating on the Circular Column Under Close-In and Contact Blast Loadings
3.4 Effect of CFRP Composite Wrapping on the Circular Column Under Close-In and Contact Blast Loadings
4 Conclusions
References
Statistical Analysis on the Influence of Recycled Concrete Aggregate on the Concrete Properties
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Method
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Workability
3.2 Mechanical Properties
4 Statistical Validation of Test Results
4.1 Workability Test Results
4.2 Mechanical Properties
5 Conclusions
References
Examining the Time Headway Distributions on Rural Highways Under Different Traffic Flow Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Review of Literature
3 Data Collection
4 Study Site
5 Traffic Characteristics of the Study Site
5.1 Traffic Composition and Volume
6 Determination of DPCU
7 Time Headway Analysis
7.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis
7.2 TH Distributions at Different Flow Rates
8 Conclusions
References
Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Nitrates and Nitrites onto Fish Scales
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Adsorbent
2.2 Preparation of Adsorbate
3 Experimental Procedure
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Contact Time
4.2 Dosage of Adsorbent
4.3 Initial Pollutant Concentration (Co)
4.4 PH
4.5 Effect of Temperature
4.6 Thermodynamic Studies
4.7 Adsorption Isotherms
4.8 Adsorption Kinetics
5 Conclusions
References
Laboratory Evaluation of a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pavement over Poor Subgrade
1 Introduction
2 Material Properties
2.1 Subgrade Layer
2.2 Base Layer
2.3 Geosynthetic Reinforcement Material
3 Experimental Work
4 Data Analysis
4.1 Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR)
4.2 Rut Depth Reduction Factor (RDRF)
5 Conclusions
References
A Study on Morphodynamic Nature of Muthalapozhi Fishery Harbour in Kerala Using Geospatial Approach
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
2.1 Muthalapozhi Harbour
3 Methodology
4 Data Used
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Pre-construction Shoreline Configuration Scenario
5.2 During Breakwater Construction Scenario
5.3 Post-construction of Breakwater Scenario
5.4 During Breakwater Modification
5.5 After Breakwater Modification
5.6 Morphodynamic Behaviour of the Coast
6 Conclusions
References
Optimization Study on the Biosorption of Toxic Metals from Mining Wastewater Using Carica Papaya Stem Activated Carbons
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Wastewater Collection in the Mining Industry
2.2 Determination of Toxic Metal Concentrations in Mining Wastewater Prior to and After Treatment
2.3 Adsorbent Preparation
2.4 Design of Experiments
2.5 Adsorption Experiments in Batches
2.6 Optimization Analysis
2.7 Validation of the Optimization
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Physical Characteristics of the Mining Wastewater Collected
3.2 Toxic Metals Concentrations in the Mining Wastewater Sample Before and After Treatment
3.3 Summary of the Design
3.4 Experimental Data Responses
3.5 Model Summary and Adjustment Statistics
3.6 Variance Analysis (ANOVA)
3.7 Equations for the Models
3.8 Model Plots
3.9 Optimization
3.10 Validation of the Optimization
4 Conclusions
References
Study of Characteristics of Alccofine-Based Coconut Shell Lightweight Concrete Beams Under Flexure
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Study
2.1 Materials Used
2.2 Mix Proportion and Casting of Specimens
2.3 Testing of Specimens (IS516-1959) [18]
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Density of Specimens
3.2 Compressive Strength of Cube Specimens
3.3 Split Tensile Strength of Cylinder Specimens
3.4 Flexural Strength of Prism Specimens
3.5 Selection of Optimum Mix
3.6 Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams
4 Conclusions
References
Performance Evaluation of Copper and German Silver Electrodes During Electrochemical Oxidation of Ametryn in Water
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Experimental Setup
2.3 Experimental Procedure
2.4 Analytical Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Batch Process
3.2 Effect of pH
4 Continuous Processes
5 Conclusions
References
Behavior of Cable-Stayed Bridge Due to Different Cases of Cable Loss
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridge for Loss of Cables
3.1 Bridge Details
3.2 Loading Conditions
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Influence of Cable Loss on Forces in Cables
4.2 Influence of Cable Loss on Beam Stresses
4.3 Influence of Cable Loss on Beam Forces/Moments
4.4 Influence of Cable Loss on Support Reactions
4.5 Influence of Cable Loss on Deformed Shape
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Alkali Activated Concrete Pavement Using Kenpave Software for Low Volume Roads
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 FEM in Pavement Analysis and Design
2 Details on Present Analysis
3 Results of KENPAVE Analysis
3.1 Stresses Due to Application of Single Wheel Load
3.2 Stresses Due to Application of Standard Axle Load
4 Conclusions
References
Red Mud-Based Geopolymeric Clay Brick
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
2.1 Material and Chemical
2.2 Chemical Composition of Solid Materials Used
2.3 Mineralogical Characteristics of Material Used
2.4 Alkaline Activators
2.5 Experimental Methods
2.6 Curing Method Adopted
3 Analytical Tools
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Performance of Bacteria-Based Non-encapsulated Self-healing Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Programme
2.1 Materials and Methods
2.2 Preparation of Bacterial Cell Solution
2.3 Mix Details and Cast Specimens
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Compressive Strength (CS)
3.2 Regained Compressive Strength
3.3 Split Tensile Strength (STS)
3.4 Sorptivity
3.5 Water Absorption
3.6 Impact Strength Test
3.7 Visual Observation and Microscopic Observation of Bacterial Concrete
3.8 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
3.9 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
4 Conclusions
References
Grid Level Analysis of the Performance of Artificial Neural Network Classifier on the Classification of Multispectral RS Data: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Neural Network Classifier
2.1 Back-Propagation Algorithm
2.2 Back-Propagation Algorithm
3 Methodology
3.1 Preprocessing
3.2 Post-processing
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Study Areas
4.2 ANN Results
4.3 Observations
5 Conclusion
References
An Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Ilkal Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka, India Using GIS and CCME WQI
1 Introduction
1.1 Study Area
1.2 Geological Features
1.3 Preliminary Study of Ilkal Taluk
2 Methods
2.1 Preparation of Spatial Distribution Maps
2.2 Calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI)
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 pH
3.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC)
3.3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
3.4 Fluoride
3.5 Hardness
3.6 Calcium
3.7 Magnesium
3.8 Total Alkalinity
3.9 Nitrate
3.10 Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environmental Water Quality Index (CCME WQI)
4 Conclusion
References
Exclusion of Non-value Efforts in Construction Projects
1 Introduction
2 Value Addition Rate
2.1 Qualitative Model
2.2 Quantitative Model
2.3 Data Collection
3 Data Analysis and Discussion
3.1 Case Study I
3.2 Case Study II
3.3 Results Interpretation
4 Conclusion
References
Production of High Strength Eco-Concrete Incorporating Alccofine and Basalt Fiber
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Cement
2.2 Alccofine
2.3 Fly Ash
2.4 Aggregates
2.5 Basalt Fiber
2.6 Water
2.7 Super Plasticizer
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Workability
4.2 Compressive Strength
4.3 Split Tensile Strength
4.4 Flexural Strength of Concrete
5 Conclusions
References
Development of Trip Attraction Models for the Core Area of Thiruvananthapuram City
1 Introduction
2 Scope and Objectives
3 Literature Review
4 Methodology
5 Study Area
6 Methods of Data Collection
7 Preliminary Analysis and Results
8 Development of Trip Attraction Models
9 Conclusions
References
Study of Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete with Shredded Rubber Tire Aggregate
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Surface Treatment of Shredded Rubber
2.2 Experimental Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Mix Design
3.2 Grain Size Distribution of WSRTA
3.3 Slump Test
3.4 Impact Resistance Study
3.5 Micro Structural Property
4 Conclusion
References
Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Areca Husk
1 Introduction
2 Materials
3 Experimental Procedure
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Local Scour Around Non-uniform Bridge Piers: Vortex Power Concept
1 Introduction
1.1 Vortex Participation in Scour Process
1.2 Power Concept for Local Scour
2 Experimental Methodology
2.1 Location of Scour Level for Different Positions of Non-uniform Piers
2.2 Computation of Equivalent Diameter (De) for Non-uniform Pier with Caisson Type-I
3 Scour Depth Prediction for Non-uniform Piers (Type-II)
3.1 Relation of Ymax with Projection Width ‘b’ and Pile Cap Thickness ‘T’
3.2 Computation of Equivalent Width ‘De’ for Non-uniform Piers Type-II
4 Equilibrium Scour Depth for Non-uniform Piers
4.1 Computation of Scour Depth Around Non-uniform Piers Type-I and Type-II
5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Static Behavior of Damaged Composite Conoidal Shells Using Finite Element Method
1 Introduction
2 Derivation of Mathematical Equations
2.1 Undelaminated Segment Formulation
2.2 Delaminated Segment Formulation
2.3 Finite Element Formulation
3 Validation Problem
3.1 Validation of Model for Point Load Formulation
3.2 Validation of Delamination Formulation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Effect of Aspect Ratio on Deflection Behavior
4.2 Effect of Damaged Area on Deflection Behavior
4.3 Effect of Boundary Condition on Deflection Behavior
4.4 Comparison of Symmetric and Anti-Symmetric Sequences
4.5 Comparison of Cross-Ply and Angle-Ply Shells
5 Conclusions
References
A Comparative Study on the Single Degree of Freedom System
1 Introduction
1.1 General
2 Importance
3 Literature Review
3.1 General
4 Objectives
5 Methodology
5.1 Design of SDOF Model
5.2 Frame Structure Detail
5.3 Design of Dampers
5.4 Measurement of Vibration
5.5 Shake Table
5.6 Tilt Sensor
5.7 Working Principle of Tilt Sensor
6 Modeling and Analysis
6.1 SDOF System Without Dampers
6.2 SDOF System with Damper
6.3 Story Displacement and Drift
6.4 Analysis
7 Conclusions
References
Global Buckling of CFS Complex Angle Columns
1 Introduction
2 Validation Study
3 Analysis of Complex Angle Columns
3.1 Section Definition and Preliminary Analysis
3.2 Linear Elastic Finite Element Analysis
3.3 Non-linear Finite Element Analysis
4 Direct Strength Method (DSM) Design
4.1 AISI-S100-16 Design Provisions [22]
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Analysis and Design Approaches of Cold-Formed Steel Members—A Review
1 Introduction
2 Literature Gap Analysis
3 CFS Columns
3.1 Local Buckling
3.2 Distortional Buckling
3.3 Global Buckling
4 CFS Beams
4.1 Shear Buckling
4.2 Web Crippling
4.3 Lateral Torsional Buckling
5 Interaction of Buckling Modes
5.1 Local and Overall Buckling
5.2 Local and Distortional Buckling
6 CFS Panels
7 Codal Provisions
8 Connections
9 Design of CFS Members
9.1 Direct Strength Method (DSM)
9.2 Effective Width Method (EWM)
9.3 Finite Strip Method
9.4 Generalized Beam Theory
10 Recent Approaches of CFS Design
10.1 Finite Element Method
10.2 Artificial Neural Networks
11 Conclusions
References
Bulk Utilization of WRP Slag for Geotechnical Characterization: An Experimental Study
1 Introduction
2 Chemical Properties
3 Physical Properties
3.1 Specific Gravity
3.2 Particle Size Distribution
3.3 Atterberg’s Limit
4 Geotechnical Properties of WRP Slag
4.1 Compaction Characteristics
4.2 California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
4.3 Shear Strength Characteristics
4.4 Consolidation Characteristics
4.5 Permeability
5 Utilization of WRP Slag for Embankment and Dyke Construction
5.1 Problem Variables
6 Pavement Composition and Its Analysis with IITPAVE
7 Conclusions
References
Review of Literature on Design of Rubble Mound Breakwaters
1 Introduction
2 Rubble Mound Breakwaters
3 Design Considerations
3.1 Wave Action Study
3.2 Armor Unit Stability and Thickness
3.3 Crest Width and Crest Elevation
3.4 Under Layers
3.5 Core and the Bedding Layer Properties
3.6 Toe Mound and Berm Structures
3.7 Geotechnical Considerations
4 Failure Modes of Rubble Mound Breakwaters
5 Conclusion
References
Parametric Study Using FE Analysis of Cantilever Retaining Wall with Pressure Relieving Shelves
1 Introduction
2 Retaining Walls with Shelves
3 FE Analysis Methodology
3.1 Proportioning of Retaining Wall
3.2 Assumptions Made in Analysis
3.3 Parameters Used in the FE Analysis
4 FE Modeling of Retaining Wall
4.1 Geometry Modeling
5 FE Analysis
6 Result and Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Study on Processed Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as a Replacement for Fine Aggregates for the Greener Global Construction
1 Introduction
2 Materials Used for the Present Study
2.1 Binder
2.2 Fine Aggregates (FA)
2.3 Processed Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (PGBS)
2.4 Superplasticizers
3 Experimental Investigations
3.1 Flow Table Test
3.2 Compressive Strength of Cement Mortars
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Performance of Flow for Mortar Mixes
4.2 Performance of Mortar Flow with Partial Replacements of FA
4.3 Ideal Dosage of PCE, SNF, and LS to Decide Ideal W/C
4.4 Impact of Fractional Substitution of FA by PCBS on Compressive Strength of Mortars
5 Conclusions
References
Effect of Binder Type on the Properties of Dry Lean Concrete Mixes
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Analysis
2.1 Ingredients
2.2 Mix Design
2.3 Methodology
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Compressive Strength
3.2 Flexure Strength
3.3 Water Absorption and VPV
3.4 Ultra-Sonic Pulse Velocity Test
3.5 Vee-Bee Consistometer Test
4 Conclusions
References
Visualize the 3D Virtual Model Through Augmented Reality (AR) Using Mobile Platforms
1 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Background
1.3 Augmented Reality Concepts
1.4 Mobile Augmented Technology
1.5 Unity 3D
1.6 Vuforia
1.7 About the Work Carried Out
2 Literature Review
2.1 General
2.2 Marker-Based Tracking
2.3 CAD System
2.4 AR Application
3 Methodology
4 Work Carried Out
4.1 Tracking System Selection
4.2 Development of Augmented Reality Application
4.3 Visual Experience of Developed AR Application in Mobile Platform
5 Outcome
6 Conclusion
References
Assessment on Suitability of CD Waste as Infill for Construction of Slopes
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methodology
3 Analysis of Results
3.1 Effect of Type of Infill on Factor of Safety
3.2 Effect of Slope Angle on Factor of Safety
4 Discussion of Results
5 Conclusions
References
Improved Single-Sensor-Based Modal Identification Using Singular Spectrum Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Methodology—SSA as a Filter Bank
2.1 SSA—Summary of Key Steps
2.2 SSA—Detailed Steps for Filter-Bank Approach
2.3 SSA—Application to Vibrating Signals for Filtering
3 Filter Bank and Single-Sensor Modal Identification—A Case Study
3.1 Application to Filtering and Reconstruction
3.2 Comparison Against Traditional OMA Methods
3.3 Application to Structural Damping Estimation
4 Conclusions
References
An Appraisal of the Characteristics of Road Crashes Involving Vulnerable Road Users
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Scope and Objective
4 Data and Methodology
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Road Crashes
5.2 Severity of Victims Involved
5.3 Vulnerable Road Users
5.4 Age Group
5.5 Cross-Tabulation of VRUs
5.6 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Numerical Evaluation on Improvement of Bearing Capacity of Sand Beds Using 2D and 3D Pipe Geogrid and Its Comparative Study
1 Introduction
2 Statement of the Problem
3 Assumptions
4 Materials
5 Numerical Analysis
5.1 Loading
5.2 Interactions
5.3 Meshing Criteria
6 Validation of Result
7 Results and Discussion
7.1 Unreinforced Sand Beds
7.2 2D Reinforced Sand Beds
7.3 3D Reinforced Sand Beds
8 Conclusions
References
Pavement Design Using TerraZyme Stabilized Soil
1 Introduction
1.1 General
2 Literature Review
3 Study Area, Materials Used, Methodology, and Essential Properties of the Normal and Modified Soil
4 Design of Pavement Thickness as Per IRC:37-2012 [8]
5 Quantity and Cost Calculation of TerraZyme
6 Conclusion
References
Development of Carbon Dioxide Absorbing Concrete for Urban Pavements—An Experimental Study
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Materials and Testing
3.2 Characteristics of Zeolite
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Addition of Varying Percentage of Zeolite
4.2 Carbon Dioxide Absorption–Absorption of Carbon Dioxide in an Artificial Environment (CO2 Chamber) and Natural Traffic Conditions
4.3 Cost Estimation for 1 m3 of Concrete
5 Overall Findings
6 Conclusions
7 Future Scope of the Study
References
Performance Analysis of Resistive Based Environmental Sensors on Air Pollution Monitoring: A Brief Review
1 Introduction
2 Materials Used in Environmental Sensors
3 Mechanisms of Resistive Based Sensors
4 Performance of Different Resistive Based Gas Sensors
5 Conclusion
References
Development of Arduino Prototype for the Detection of Fire, Smoke, and Carbon Monoxide from Open Waste Burning
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 The Transmitter
2.2 Block Diagram of the Receiver
2.3 Working Flow
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Post-disaster Climate Responsive Indigenous and Local Construction Systems of North Gujarat, India
1 Introduction
2 Research Context
3 Methodology
4 Discussions and Findings
4.1 Indigenous Dwelling Construction Systems
4.2 Local Construction Systems of Bhuj
4.3 Unique Construction Elements and Systems
5 Conclusion
References
A Study of the Impact of Soil–Structure Interaction on Multi-storey Structure with Varying Hill Slopes
1 Introduction
1.1 General
2 Objectives
3 Methodology
3.1 General
3.2 Selection of Parameters for Modeling
3.3 Sectional Properties
3.4 Loads
3.5 Soil Characteristics
3.6 Foundation Characteristics
3.7 Footing
3.8 Modeling
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Maximum Storey Displacements
4.2 Comparison of Maximum Storey Displacement
4.3 Storey Drifts
4.4 Comparison of Maximum Storey Drift
4.5 Natural Time Period
4.6 Seismic Base Shear
5 Conclusion
References
Fatigue Characteristics of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures Utilizing Copper Slag
1 Introduction
2 Objectives and Methodology
3 Experimental Program
3.1 Materials
3.2 Fatigue Test
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Comparative Study on Design of Water Supply Distribution Network Using LOOP and WaterGEMS Software: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Fire Resistance of RCC T-beam Under Cyclic Load: A Numerical Study
1 Introduction
2 Heat Transfer Analysis
3 Coupled Temperature–Displacement Analysis
4 Numerical Modeling
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Collection of Municipal Solid Waste by Clustering of Dynamic Nodes for Vehicle Path Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Overview
3.2 Identifying the Sub-area
3.3 Identifying Optimum Routes
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Dynamic Variation of User Requests
4.2 Influence of Number of Vehicles (K)
4.3 Selection of Optimum Number of Vehicles
5 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality Due to Heavy Metal Pollution in an Industrial Suburb
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Description of the Study Area
2.2 Geology and Climate
2.3 Collection of Sample and Analysis
2.4 Estimation of Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI)
2.5 Estimation of Metal Index (MI)
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Result of Analysis of Heavy Metals
3.2 Evaluation of HPI and MI
4 Conclusion
References