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Raman-amplifier-based submarine transmission systems

✍ Scribed by T. Tanaka; T. Naito

Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2002
Tongue
English
Weight
294 KB
Volume
8
Category
Article
ISSN
1068-5200

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✦ Synopsis

The broad bandwidth and low noise figure of a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) makes it attractive for use in high-capacity, long-haul transmission systems. This paper discusses key technologies for such systems using Raman amplifiers (RAs), such as a method to expand the signal bandwidth for hybrid DRA/EDFAs and all-RAs. The combination of two different types of optical amplifiers enables them to compensate for each other's gain profiles through adjustment of the RA's pump wavelength allocation to reduce the accumulated gain deviation. A variable gain equalization scheme is also described. Furthermore, we have developed a form of dispersion management suitable for a system using DRAs. The overall system performance with this management during a transmission experiment was 1.6 dB better than that with conventional management. Using these techniques, we successfully demonstrated 2.1-Tb/s 7221-km transmission in a system using hybrid DRA/EDFAs and 2.4-Tb/s 7404-km transmission in a system using DRAs.

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