Burnout may develop in highly productive, hard-working individuals from all walks of life. Extending working hours under stressful circumstances may produce a sense of frustration resulting in emotional exhaustion, loss of empathy for patients, and a decreased sense of personal accomplishment. The membership of the American Society of Head and Neck Surgery and the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons was surveyed by mail relative to burnout. A total of 395 head and neck surgeons responded. Mean age was 48 years. The average individual worked an average of 66 hours per week. More than 70% of work was devoted to patient care of which 30% to 50% was devoted to the management of head and neck cancer. A total of 128 (34%) individuals responded that they felt "burned out." Only 27%. however, indicated frustration with disease, whereas 67% indicated frustration by government and 58% indicated frustration by the economics of medical practice. Most respondents enjoy their work, nevertheless, the stress of extending working hours dealing with severely ill patients, and the increased need to deal with government and economic issues is of concern to the community of physicians practicing head and neck surgery. Discussion about and confrontation with From the Department of Otolaryngology (Dr. Johnson) and the Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Immunology (Ms.