Processing Inaccurate Information – Theoretical and Applied Perspectives from Cognitive Science and the Educational Sciences

✍ Scribed by David N. Rapp, Jason L.g. Braasch, Ulrich K. Ecker, Briony Swire, Stephan Lewandowsky

• Publisher: MIT Press
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 479
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Interdisciplinary approaches to identifying, understanding, and remediating people's reliance on inaccurate information that they should know to be wrong.

Our lives revolve around the acquisition of information. Sometimes the information we acquire―from other people, from books, or from the media―is wrong. Studies show that people rely on such misinformation, sometimes even when they are aware that the information is inaccurate or invalid. And yet investigations of learning and knowledge acquisition largely ignore encounters with this sort of problematic material. This volume fills the gap, offering theoretical and empirical perspectives on the processing of misinformation and its consequences.

The contributors, from cognitive science and education science, provide analyses that represent a variety of methodologies, theoretical orientations, and fields of expertise. The chapters describe the behavioral consequences of relying on misinformation and outline possible remediations; discuss the cognitive activities that underlie encounters with inaccuracies, investigating why reliance occurs so readily; present theoretical and philosophical considerations of the nature of inaccuracies; and offer formal, empirically driven frameworks that detail when and how inaccuracies will lead to comprehension difficulties.

Contributors
Peter Afflerbach, Patricia A. Alexander, Jessica J. Andrews, Peter Baggetta, Jason L. G. Braasch, Ivar Bråten, M. Anne Britt, Rainer Bromme, Luke A. Buckland, Clark A. Chinn, Byeong-Young Cho, Sidney K. D'Mello, Andrea A. diSessa, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Arthur C. Graesser, Douglas J. Hacker, Brenda Hannon, Xiangen Hu, Maj-Britt Isberner, Koto Ishiwa, Matthew E. Jacovina, Panayiota Kendeou, Jong-Yun Kim, Stephan Lewandowsky, Elizabeth J. Marsh, Ruth Mayo, Keith K. Millis, Edward J. O'Brien, Herre van Oostendorp, José Otero, David N. Rapp, Tobias Richter, Ronald W. Rinehart, Yaacov Schul, Colleen M. Seifert, Marc Stadtler, Brent Steffens, Helge I. Strømsø, Briony Swire, Sharda Umanath

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Acknowledgments
Contributors
1 Accurate and Inaccurate Knowledge Acquisition
I Detecting and Dealing with Inaccuracies
2 Correcting Misinformation — A Challenge for Education and Cognitive Science
3 The Continued Influence Effect
4 Failures to Detect Textual Problems during Reading
5 Research on Semantic Illusions Tells Us That There Are Multiple Sources of Misinformation
6 Sensitivity to Inaccurate Argumentation in Health News Articles
7 Conversational Agents Can Help Humans Identify Flaws in the Science Reported in Digital Media
II Mechanisms of Inaccurate Knowledge Acquisition
8 Knowledge Neglect
9 Mechanisms of Problematic Knowledge Acquisition
10 Discounting Information
11 The Ambivalent Effect of Focus on Updating Mental
Representations
12 Comprehension and Validation
III Epistemological Groundings
13 An Epistemological Perspective on Misinformation
14 Percept – Concept Coupling and Human Error
15 Cognitive Processing of Conscious Ignorance
IV Emerging Models and Frameworks
16 The Knowledge Revision Components (KReC) Framework
17 The Content–Source Integration Model
18 Inaccuracy and Reading in Multiple Text and Internet/Hypertext
Environments
19 Epistemic Cognition and Evaluating Information
Index