Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems, Second Edition

✍ Scribed by Torrieri, Don

Publisher: Springer
Year: 2011
Tongue: English
Leaves: 589
Edition: 2nd ed
Category: Library

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

This book provides a concise but lucid explanation of the fundamentals of spread-spectrum systems with an emphasis on theoretical principles. Throughout the book, learning is facilitated by many new or streamlined derivations of the classical theory. Problems at the end of each chapter are intended to assist readers in consolidating their knowledge and to provide practice in analytical techniques. The choice of specific topics is tempered by the author s judgment of their practical significance and interest to both researchers and system designers.

The evolution of spread spectrum communication systems and the prominence of new mathematical methods in their design provided the motivation to undertake this new edition of the book. This edition is intended to enable readers to understand the current state-of-the-art in this field. More than 20 percent of the material in this edition is new, including a chapter on systems with iterative channel estimation, and the remainder of the material has been thoroughly revised."

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
6.1.2 Asynchronous Communications......Page 7
B.1 Chi-Square Distribution......Page 11
B.3 Rice Distribution......Page 14
C.1.1 Convergence of the Mean......Page 19
1.1.1 Error Probabilities for Hard-Decision Decoding......Page 24
8.4 Robust Frequency-Hopping Systems......Page 27
8.4.2 Demodulator Metrics......Page 29
1.1.4 Metrics and Error Probabilities for Uncoded FSK Symbols......Page 41
1.1.5 Performance Examples......Page 44
4.5.2 Serial-Search Acquisition......Page 45
References......Page 47
5.4.6 Transmit Diversity......Page 49
References......Page 53
6.4.2 Ad Hoc and Cellular Mobile Networks......Page 59
1.2.2 Trellis-Coded Modulation......Page 61
1.4 Classical Concatenated Codes......Page 64
2.7.1.3 LMS Algorithm......Page 65
1.7.1 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation......Page 68
1.5.2 Turbo Codes with Parallel Concatenated Codes......Page 70
1.5.3 Serially Concatenated Turbo Codes......Page 76
Principles of Spread-Spectrum CommunicationSystems......Page 2
7.2 Radiometer......Page 5
Contents......Page 12
B.4 Rayleigh Distribution......Page 16
8.2.7.3 Varying Fading-Block Size, Unknown Phase......Page 20
C.2.1 Convergence of the Mean......Page 23
8.4.1 System Model......Page 28
1.1.2 Soft-Decision Decoding and Code Metrics for Pulse Amplitude Modulation......Page 31
2.4 Quaternary Systems......Page 34
6.3.2 Outage Analysis......Page 39
2.5 Pulsed Interference......Page 40
2.6 Despreading with Bandpass Matched Filters......Page 48
2.6.1 Noncoherent Systems......Page 54
6.4.1 Asynchronous FH/CDMA Networks......Page 57
1.3 Interleavers......Page 62
1.5.1 MAP Decoding Algorithm......Page 66
5.7 Diversity and Spread Spectrum......Page 69
2.7.4 Nonlinear Filtering......Page 71
References......Page 80
3.5.2 Trellis-Coded Modulation......Page 37
5.4.5 Selection Diversity......Page 43
1.2 Convolutional Codes and Trellis Codes......Page 46
3.6.3.2 Fractional-N Synthesizer......Page 51
B.2 Central Chi-Square Distribution......Page 13
4.2.4 Up-Down Double-Dwell System......Page 15
B.5 Exponentially Distributed Random Variables......Page 17
1.1 Block Codes......Page 18
C.1.2 Misadjustment......Page 21
8.3 Guidance from Information Theory......Page 25
Index......Page 26
8.4.3 Channel Estimators......Page 32
8.4.5 Performance in Partial-Band Interference......Page 38
6.3.5 Impact of Doppler Spread on Power-Control Accuracy......Page 50
6.1.1 Synchronous Communications......Page 4
8.4.4 Selection of Modulation Index......Page 35
5.5 Channel Codes......Page 52
5.8 Multicarrier Direct-Sequence Systems......Page 73
5.8.1 MC-CDMA System......Page 75
1.6.1 Irregular Repeat-Accumulate Codes......Page 81
6.5.3 Minimum-Mean-Square-Error Detector......Page 84
1.7.2 Simulation Examples......Page 87
6.5.4.1 Adaptive Blind Multiuser Detector......Page 89
5.8.2 DS-CDMA System with Frequency-Domain Equalization......Page 90
6.5.5.1 Successive Interference Canceller......Page 92
References......Page 93
6.5.5.2 Parallel Interference Canceller......Page 94
Chapter 2: Direct-Sequence Systems......Page 95
References......Page 97
8.4.6 Asynchronous Multiple-Access Interference......Page 42
6.3.6 Downlink Power Control and Outage......Page 55
6.4 Frequency-Hopping Multiple Access......Page 56
6.5.1 Optimum Detectors......Page 77
6.5.2 Decorrelating Detector......Page 79
6.5.4 Adaptive Multiuser Detection......Page 88
6.5.5 Interference Cancellers......Page 91
References......Page 98
8.1.1 Fixed-Point Iteration......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
8.2.2 Iterative Receiver Structure......Page 9
A.2 Stationary Stochastic Processes......Page 3
1.1.3 Code Metrics for Orthogonal Signals......Page 36
1.2.1 Chernoff Bound......Page 58
1.6 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes......Page 78
1.7 Iterative Demodulation and Decoding......Page 82
1.7.1 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation......Page 85
2.1 Definitions and Concepts......Page 96
2.2.1 Random Binary Sequence......Page 99
2.2.2 Shift-Register Sequences......Page 101
2.2.3 Maximal Sequences......Page 105
2.2.4 Autocorrelations and Power Spectrums......Page 106
2.2.5 Characteristic Polynomials......Page 110
2.2.6 Long Nonlinear Sequences......Page 114
2.2.7 Chip Waveforms......Page 117
2.3 Systems with BPSK Modulation......Page 118
2.3.1 Tone Interference at Carrier Frequency......Page 121
2.3.2 General Tone Interference......Page 122
2.3.3 Gaussian Interference......Page 125
2.4 Quaternary Systems......Page 128
2.4.1 Systems with Channel Codes......Page 133
2.5 Pulsed Interference......Page 134
2.6 Despreading with Bandpass Matched Filters......Page 142
2.6.1 Noncoherent Systems......Page 148
2.6.2 Multipath-Resistant Coherent System......Page 151
2.7.1.1 Complex Gradients......Page 156
2.7.1.2 Optimal Weight Vector......Page 158
2.7.1.3 LMS Algorithm......Page 159
2.7.2 Time-Domain Adaptive Filtering......Page 160
2.7.3 Transform-Domain Processing......Page 163
2.7.4 Nonlinear Filtering......Page 165
2.7.5 Adaptive ACM Filter......Page 170
References......Page 174
3.1 Concepts and Characteristics......Page 175
3.2 Frequency Hopping with Orthogonal FSK......Page 179
3.2.1 Soft-Decision Decoding......Page 181
3.2.2 Multitone Jamming......Page 186
3.3 Frequency Hopping with CPM and DPSK......Page 188
3.4 Hybrid Systems......Page 201
3.5 Codes for Partial-Band Interference......Page 202
3.5.1 Reed–Solomon Codes......Page 205
3.5.2 Trellis-Coded Modulation......Page 211
3.5.3 Turbo and LDPC Codes......Page 213
3.6.1 Direct Frequency Synthesizer......Page 215
3.6.2 Direct Digital Synthesizer......Page 217
3.6.3 Indirect Frequency Synthesizers......Page 220
3.6.3.1 Multiple Loops......Page 223
3.6.3.2 Fractional-N Synthesizer......Page 225
References......Page 227
4.1 Acquisition of Spreading Sequences......Page 229
4.1.1 Matched-Filter Acquisition......Page 233
4.2 Serial-Search Acquisition......Page 235
4.2.0.1 Application of Chebyshev's Inequality......Page 239
4.2.1 Uniform Search with Uniform Distribution......Page 240
4.2.2 Consecutive-Count Double-Dwell System......Page 241
4.2.3 Single-Dwell and Matched-Filter Systems......Page 242
4.2.4 Up-Down Double-Dwell System......Page 243
4.2.5 Penalty Time......Page 245
4.2.6 Other Search Strategies......Page 246
4.2.7 Density Function of the Acquisition Time......Page 248
4.2.8 Alternative Analysis......Page 249
4.2.9 Nonconsecutive and Sequential Searches......Page 253
4.3 Acquisition Correlator......Page 254
4.4 Code Tracking......Page 260
4.5.1 Matched-Filter Acquisition......Page 266
4.5.2 Serial-Search Acquisition......Page 273
4.5.3 Tracking System......Page 278
References......Page 281
5.1 Path Loss, Shadowing, and Fading......Page 283
5.2 Time-Selective Fading......Page 286
5.2.1 Fading Rate and Fade Duration......Page 293
5.2.2 Spatial Diversity and Fading......Page 294
5.3 Frequency-Selective Fading......Page 296
5.3.1 Channel Impulse Response......Page 298
5.4 Diversity for Fading Channels......Page 300
5.4.1 Optimal Array......Page 301
5.4.2 Maximal-Ratio Combining......Page 305
5.4.3 Coherent Binary Modulations and Metrics......Page 307
5.4.4 Equal-Gain Combining......Page 317
5.4.5 Selection Diversity......Page 325
5.4.6 Transmit Diversity......Page 331
5.5 Channel Codes......Page 334
5.5.1 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation......Page 343
5.7 Diversity and Spread Spectrum......Page 351
5.8 Multicarrier Direct-Sequence Systems......Page 355
5.8.1 MC-CDMA System......Page 357
5.8.1.1 Equalization......Page 363
5.8.1.2 Performance Analysis......Page 366
5.8.1.3 Channel Estimation......Page 369
5.8.1.4 PAPR......Page 371
5.8.2 DS-CDMA System with Frequency-Domain Equalization......Page 372
5.8.2.1 Equalization......Page 374
5.8.2.2 Performance Analysis......Page 375
5.8.2.3 Channel Estimation......Page 376
5.8.2.4 Comparisons......Page 377
References......Page 379
Chapter 6: Code-Division Multiple Access......Page 381
6.1 Spreading Sequences for DS/CDMA......Page 382
6.1.1 Synchronous Communications......Page 384
6.1.2 Asynchronous Communications......Page 387
6.1.3 Symbol Error Probability......Page 392
6.1.4 Complex-Valued Quaternary Sequences......Page 393
6.2.1 Jensen's Inequality......Page 397
6.2.2 Direct-Sequence Systems with BPSK......Page 399
6.2.3 Quadriphase Direct-Sequence Systems......Page 408
6.3 Cellular Networks and Power Control......Page 412
6.3.1 Intercell Interference of Uplink......Page 415
6.3.2 Outage Analysis......Page 419
6.3.2.1 Variations in the Number of Active Mobiles......Page 421
6.3.3 Local-Mean Power Control......Page 422
6.3.4 Bit-Error-Probability Analysis......Page 426
6.3.5 Impact of Doppler Spread on Power-Control Accuracy......Page 430
6.3.6 Downlink Power Control and Outage......Page 435
6.4 Frequency-Hopping Multiple Access......Page 436
6.4.1 Asynchronous FH/CDMA Networks......Page 437
6.4.2 Ad Hoc and Cellular Mobile Networks......Page 439
6.4.3 Ad Hoc Networks......Page 442
6.4.4 Cellular Networks......Page 446
6.5 Multiuser Detectors......Page 456
6.5.1 Optimum Detectors......Page 457
6.5.2 Decorrelating Detector......Page 459
6.5.3 Minimum-Mean-Square-Error Detector......Page 464
6.5.4 Adaptive Multiuser Detection......Page 468
6.5.4.1 Adaptive Blind Multiuser Detector......Page 469
6.5.5 Interference Cancellers......Page 471
6.5.5.1 Successive Interference Canceller......Page 472
6.5.5.2 Parallel Interference Canceller......Page 474
6.5.6 Multiuser Detector for Frequency Hopping......Page 475
References......Page 478
7.1 Detection of Direct-Sequence Signals......Page 480
7.2 Radiometer......Page 484
7.2.1 Estimation of Noise Power......Page 492
7.2.2 Other Implementation Issues......Page 495
7.3 Detection of Frequency-Hopping Signals......Page 499
7.4 Channelized Radiometer......Page 503
References......Page 510
8.1 Expectation-Maximization Algorithm......Page 511
8.1.1 Fixed-Point Iteration......Page 516
8.2 Direct-Sequence Systems......Page 518
8.2.2 Iterative Receiver Structure......Page 519
8.2.3 EM Algorithm......Page 521
8.2.4 Perfect Phase Information at Receiver......Page 524
8.2.5 No Phase Information at Receiver......Page 526
8.2.7.1 Single-User Environment, Perfect Phase Knowledge......Page 527
8.2.7.2 Multiuser Environment, Unknown Phase......Page 528
8.2.7.3 Varying Fading-Block Size, Unknown Phase......Page 530
8.2.7.4 Varying Multiple-Access Interference, Unknown Phase......Page 531
8.2.7.5 Multipath Channel......Page 533
8.3 Guidance from Information Theory......Page 535
8.4 Robust Frequency-Hopping Systems......Page 537
8.4.1 System Model......Page 538
8.4.2 Demodulator Metrics......Page 539
8.4.3 Channel Estimators......Page 542
8.4.4 Selection of Modulation Index......Page 545
8.4.5 Performance in Partial-Band Interference......Page 548
8.4.6 Asynchronous Multiple-Access Interference......Page 552
References......Page 557
A.1 Bandpass Signals......Page 558
A.2 Stationary Stochastic Processes......Page 560
A.3 Direct-Conversion Receiver......Page 565
B.1 Chi-Square Distribution......Page 568
B.2 Central Chi-Square Distribution......Page 570
B.3 Rice Distribution......Page 571
B.4 Rayleigh Distribution......Page 573
B.5 Exponentially Distributed Random Variables......Page 574
C.1.1 Convergence of the Mean......Page 576
C.1.2 Misadjustment......Page 578
C.2.1 Convergence of the Mean......Page 580
Index......Page 583

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