Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion

✍ Scribed by Richard G. Gann, Raymond Friedman

• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 524
• Edition: 4
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Based on the National Fire Academy’s Fire Behavior and Combustion model curriculum. Without a comprehensive grasp of how fires start and spread, informed decisions on how to best control and extinguish fires can not be made. Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion, Fourth Edition will provide readers with a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical properties of flammable materials and fire, the combustion process, and the latest in suppression and extinguishment. The Fourth Edition of this time-tested resource is the most current and accurate source of fire behavior information available to fire science students and on-the-job fire fighters today.

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page
Copyright
Brief Contents
Table of Contents
Instructor and Technology Resources
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 Fire Measurement and the SI System of Units
About Measurement
Length, Area, and Volume Units
Mass and Density Units
Time Units
Force and Pressure Units
Energy and Enthalpy Units
Power Units
Temperature Units
Conversion Factors
Chapter 2 Chemical Elements and Compounds: Atoms and Molecules
Atoms
Stability of Atoms
Atomic Mass and Dimension
Molecules and Compounds
Chemical Bonds and Valence
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
Isomers
Ions
Free Radicals and Free Atoms
Chapter 3 Physical and Chemical Change
States of Matter
Characterization of Phases
Properties of Gases
Properties of Liquids
Properties of Solids
Physical and Chemical Change
Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
Principle of Combining Proportions
Energetics of Chemical Change
Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 4 Flow of Fluids
Laws Governing Motions of a Rigid Body
Momentum and Acceleration of a Rigid Body
The Effect of Gravitation on a Rigid Body
Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy: Mechanical Work
Basic Elements of Fluid Behavior
Force and Pressure
Viscosity
Buoyancy
Chapter 5 Heat Transfer
Temperature and Heat
Modes of Heat Transfer
Conductive Heat Transfer
Convective Heat Transfer
Radiative Heat Transfer
Hazards from Heat Transfer
Life Safety
Endurance of Structures: Fire Resistance
Chapter 6 Combustion, Fire, and Flammability
Combustion
Flaming and Nonflaming Combustion
Fire Initiation
Fire Spread
Fire Ventilation
Fire Termination
Two Examples of Room Fires
Flammability
Fire Consequences, Hazard, Risk, and Flashover
Chapter 7 Fire Characteristics: Gaseous Combustibles
Categorization of Flames
Premixed versus Diffusion Flames
Laminar versus Turbulent Flames
Ignition of Gases
Flammability Limits and Propagation Rates of Premixed Flames
Flammability Limits
Burning Velocity
Explosions, Deflagrations, and Detonations
Chemical Mechanisms of Combustion of Gases
Elementary Chemistry
Hydrogen Oxidation
Premixed Methane–Oxygen Flame Chemistry
Combustion of Larger Hydrocarbon Fuels
Specific Hazardous Gases
Hydrogen (H2)
Acetylene (C2H2)
Methane (CH4)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Ammonia (NH3)
Chapter 8 Fire Characteristics: Liquid Combustibles
Ignition of Liquids: Flash Point, Fire Point, and Autoignition Temperature
Burning Rates of Liquid Pools
Flame Spread Rates over Liquid Surfaces
Hazards of Liquid Fuel Fires
Chapter 9 Fire Characteristics: Solid Combustibles
Fire Stages and Metrics
Solids versus Gases and Liquids
Materials and Products
Pyrolysis
Ignition to Flaming Combustion
Ignition to Nonflaming Combustion
Char Formation and Melting
Mass Burning and Flame Spread
Combustible Solids
Cellulosic and Other Natural Materials
Synthetic Polymeric Materials
Fire Retardants
Composite Materials and Furnishings
Acid–Base Pairs
Metals
Exothermic Materials
Chapter 10 Combustion Products
Smoke Aerosols
General Nature
Soot Formation
Aerosol Mist Formation
Measurement of Aerosol Yields
Quantity of Smoke Particles Produced
Visibility through Smoke
Gaseous Combustion Products
CO2 and H2O
CO
Partially Oxidized Organic Molecules
Hydrogen Halides
HCN
Nitrogen Oxides
Other Combustion Gases
Smoke Alarms
Chapter 11 Smoke and Heat Hazards
Hazards of Smoke Exposure
Toxicity of Prominent Fire Gases
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Bromide
Nitrogen Oxides
Organic Irritants
Other Toxic Species
Oxygen Deficiency
Smoke Toxic Potency Measurement
Nonthermal Smoke Damage
Thermal Damage
The Limiting Hazard Concept
Chapter 12 Movement of Fire Gases
Structure of a Fire Plume in the Open
Fire Plume under a Ceiling
Filling of a Fire Compartment by Smoke
Smoke Flow from a Compartment with an Opening
Smoke Movement in Buildings
Chapter 13 Fire Fighting Chemicals
Categories of Fire Suppressants
Aqueous Agents
Water
Enhanced Water
Aqueous Foams
Nonaqueous Agents
Inert Gases
Active Halogenated Agents
Dry Chemical Agents
Special Considerations for Fire Extinguishment
Extinguishment of Flowing Gas Flames
Extinguishment of a Shallow Liquid Fuel Spill Fire
Extinguishment of a Deep Tank Liquid Fuel Fire
Ultrafast Extinguishment of Fires
Chapter 14 Computational Modeling of Fires
Types of Models
Users of Models
Zone Models
The Zone Approximation
The Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport Zone Model
Field Models
Characteristics of Field Models
The Fire Dynamics Simulator
Computational Modeling and the Limiting Hazard Concept
Values and Limitations of Models
Appendix A FESHE Correlation Guide
Appendix B Imperial and Metric Conversions
Glossary
Index

✦ Subjects

Fire, Fire Science, Fire Behavior, Combustion