Cover
Front Matter
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Developmental Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Prefrontal Cortex Pathology in Psychiatric Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
LCn-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and Psychiatric Disorders
Role of DHA in PFC Development
Clinical Neuroimaging Studies
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Addiction and Prefrontal Cortex
Abstract
I. Introduction
II. Origin, Anatomy and Function of the Prefrontal Cortex
Phylogeny
Ontogeny
Anatomy and Function
III. Addiction
IV. Conceptualization of Addictions
Personality
Rewarding Effect
Drug Use as a Coping Strategy
Biological Predisposition
Brain Reward Circuitry
V. The Somatic Marker Model
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis
Somatic States and Their Neural Substrates
The Role of VMPFC in Decision-Making
VI. Vetromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Addictive Behavior and Myopia for the Future
Addiction and VMPFC: Scientific Evidences
VII. Implications for the Treatment
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction and Neurocognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Targets of Opportunity
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Neuropathology of the PFC and Neurocognitive Deficits in SZ
3. Neural Substrates in the PFC: Potential
Targets for Pro-Cognitive
Pharmacologic Intervention
3.1. Dopamine (DA)
Opportunities for Procognitive Interventions
3.2. Glutamate
Opportunities for Pro-Cognitive Interventions
3.3. Acetylcholine (ACh)
Opportunities for Procognitive Interventions
3.4. Other Neurotransmitters
4. Laboratory Based Measures to Detect Pro-Cognitive Effects
4.1. MATRICS
4.2. CNTRICS
5. Cognitive Training
5.1. Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation (CACR)
5.2. Therapist Guided Paper/Pencil Task
5.3. Combined Computer Exercises and Therapist Guidance
5.4. Compensatory Cognitive Training (CCT)
5.5. Combination of the Above Strategies
6. Reasons for Sub-Optimal PFC Activity and Modest Treatment Response
6.1. Intrinsic Factors
6.2. Extrinsic Factors
7. Examples of Optimizing PFC Function
7.1. Example of Modifying Intrinsic Factors โ Pharmacogenetics
7.2. Example of Modifying Extrinsic Factors
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: Cognitive Functioning and Prefrontal Cortex Damage in Children and Adolescents: Consequences, Rehabilitation
Abstract
Introduction
TBI
Definition and Classification
Neurodevelopment
Executive Functions
Prefrontal Cortex
TBI and Neurodevelopment
TBI in Prefrontal Cortex
Psychiatric Symptoms Related
to TBI in Prefrontal Cortex
Mood Disorders: Depression, Mania, Apathy and Emotional Lability
Anxiety
Substance Abuse, Gambling and Other Compulsive Behavior
Psychosis
Conduct Disorder and Aggressive Behavior
TBI and Prognostic Predictors
Neuroplasticity After TBI
Recovery Strategies
Neuropsychological Evaluation
Cognitive Rehabilitation
Family
School
Pharmacological Strategies
Stimulants
Nonstimulant Dopamine Enhancers (Antiparkinsonian Drugs)
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Mood Stabilizers (Anticonvulsants)
Antidepressants
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5: Developmental Relationship between Executive Function and the Prefrontal Cortex in Young Children
Abstract
Behavioral Evidence of EF in Young Children
Neural Basis of EF in Young Children
Longitudinal Research on the Development of Prefrontal Function in Young Children
Task Demand and Prefrontal Activation
EF in Children with Autism
Conclusion and Further Direction
Acknowledgement
References
Index
