Position Location Techniques and Applications

✍ Scribed by David Munoz, Frantz Bouchereau Lara, Cesar Vargas, Rogerio Enriquez-Caldera

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2009
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 281
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is the definitive guide to the techniques and applications of position location, covering both terrestrial and satellite systems. It gives all the techniques, theoretical models, and algorithms that engineers need to improve their current location schemes and to develop future location algorithms and systems.
Comprehensive coverage is given to system design trade-offs, complexity issues, and the design of efficient positioning algorithms to enable the creation of high-performance location positioning systems. Traditional methods are also reexamined in the context of the challenges posed by reconfigurable and multihop networks. Applications discussed include wireless networks (WiFi, ZigBee, UMTS, and DVB networks), cognitive radio, sensor networks and multihop networks.
Features
Contains a complete guide to models, techniques, and applications of position location
Includes applications to wireless networks, demonstrating the relevance of location positioning to these "hot" areas in research and development
Covers system design trade-offs and the design of efficient positioning algorithms, enabling the creation of future location positioning systems
Provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding current position location algorithms, giving researchers a foundation to develop future algorithms
David Muñoz is Director and César Vargas is a member of the Center for Electronics and Telecommunications, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico. Frantz Bouchereau is a senior communications software developer at The MathWorks Inc. in Natick, MA. Rogerio Enríquez-Caldera is at Instituto Nacional de Atrofisica, Optica y Electronica (INAOE), Puebla, Mexico.
. Contains a complete guide to models, techniques and applications of position location
. Includes applications to wireless networks (WiFi, ZigBee, DVB networks), cognitive radio, sensor networks and reconfigurable and multi-hop networks, demonstrating the relevance of location positioning to these 'hot' areas in research and development
. Covers system design trade-offs, and the design of efficient positioning algorithms enables the creation of future location positioning systems
. Provides a theoretical underpinning for understanding current position location algorithms, giving researchers a foundation to develop future algorithms

✦ Table of Contents

Cover Page
......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Purpose of This Book......Page 3
Features......Page 4
Organization......Page 5
Acknowledgments......Page 7
About the Authors......Page 8
1 The Position Location Problem......Page 10
The Need for PL and Historical Developments......Page 11
Resolution......Page 14
Fundamental Scenarios for PL......Page 19
Terrestrial and Satellite Scenarios......Page 23
Mobility......Page 25
Current and Potential Applications......Page 26
References......Page 30
AOA Measurements......Page 32
The Uniform Linear Array Model......Page 33
Cramer Rao Bound for Array Observations......Page 36
Beamscan AOA Estimator......Page 37
Maximum Likelihood AOA Estimator......Page 38
MUSIC Algorithm for AOA Estimation......Page 40
ESPRIT Algorithm for AOA Estimation......Page 42
TOA and TDOA Measurements......Page 44
The Time of Arrival Problem......Page 45
The Time Difference of Arrival Problem......Page 46
Performance Bound for TOA and TDOA Problems......Page 47
Received Signal Model and Its Analogy to the ArrayProcessing Problem......Page 48
Generalized Cross-Correlation Method for TOAor TDOA Estimation......Page 49
Conventional PN-Correlation Method......Page 53
A Super-Resolution PN-CorrelationMethod: The SPM Algorithm......Page 55
TOA Estimation by Successive Cancellation......Page 63
Range Estimation Based on ReceivedSignal Strength......Page 65
Received Signal Strength Measurements......Page 66
Log-Normal Propagation Model......Page 68
Log-Normal Range Estimator......Page 69
References......Page 71
3 Location Information Processing......Page 75
The Multilateration Problem......Page 76
Geometric Multilateration......Page 77
Geometric Multilateration Based on TOA Measurements......Page 79
Geometric Multilateration Based on AOA Measurements......Page 82
Geometric Multilateration Based on TDOA Measurements......Page 83
Statistical Multilateration......Page 85
Least-Squares Multilateration......Page 86
LS Multilateration with Uncertain Reference Node Positions......Page 88
Location Estimation in Multihop Scenarios......Page 90
Centroid Algorithm......Page 94
Approximate Point-in-Triangulation Algorithm......Page 95
Ad Hoc Positioning System Algorithms......Page 98
Dead-Reckoning......Page 102
Performance Assessment of LocationEstimation Systems......Page 106
Circular Error Probability......Page 107
References......Page 108
Single-Hop and Relational Scenarios......Page 111
Range-Free Location Estimation Systems......Page 113
Signal Signature......Page 115
Triangle Concatenation......Page 117
Random Flight......Page 119
Manhattanized Algorithms......Page 127
Relational and Fuzzy Approach......Page 141
Conclusions......Page 158
References......Page 159
From Cellular to Reconfigurable Networks......Page 161
Cellular Network Scenario......Page 163
2G and 3G Technology Review......Page 165
4G and Beyond......Page 173
Ad Hoc and Sensor Network Scenarios......Page 174
Capacity and Coverage Issues......Page 183
Modeling Mobility......Page 187
Dealing with Mobility......Page 192
Mobility and Location-Based Services......Page 194
Mobility and Location......Page 195
The Concept of Cognitive Radio......Page 197
Multiple Antenna Systems......Page 199
Basics of Cross-Layering for Reconfigurable Networks......Page 205
Cooperative and Collaborative Wireless Networks......Page 206
Fundamentals of Space--Time Processing......Page 208
References......Page 209
Cellular Systems......Page 215
2G and 3G Systems......Page 216
Multihop Cellular......Page 219
E911......Page 220
Local (Indoor) Network Scenario......Page 221
Technologies and Standards Review......Page 222
Localization with WiFi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee......Page 223
RFID and INS......Page 226
System Comparison......Page 227
Mesh Systems......Page 228
Sensor Networks......Page 229
Ad Hoc Networks......Page 232
Natural and Human-Made Disasters......Page 234
References......Page 235
Satellite Positioning......Page 238
Absolute and Relative Positioning......Page 240
Kinematic and Static Positioning......Page 243
Structure of a Satellite-Positioning System......Page 246
Constellation Segment......Page 247
Control Segment......Page 252
Fundamental Concepts......Page 254
Ranging and Timing......Page 255
Precision and Accuracy......Page 257
Sources of Errors......Page 259
Systematic......Page 260
Applications......Page 262
GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO......Page 263
Developments in Perspective......Page 265
Integration of Satellite and Ground-Based Location Systems......Page 266
References......Page 267
List of Acronyms......Page 268
A......Page 271
C......Page 272
E......Page 273
I......Page 274
M......Page 275
P......Page 277
R......Page 278
S......Page 279
T......Page 280
Z......Page 281