Population Change and Impacts in Asia and the Pacific (New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 30)

✍ Scribed by Jacques Poot (editor), Matthew Roskruge (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 360
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume brings together a range of contributions that provide contemporary regional science perspectives on population change and its socio-economic consequences in the Asia-Pacific region. This region accounts for close to two-thirds of the world’s population and is highly diverse in terms of key demographic indicators such as population size, growth, composition and distribution. The authors provide quantitative assessments, either descriptively or by means of modelling, of important demographic issues affecting this part of the world.
The topics addressed include: broad demographic trends across the Asia-Pacific region and its sub-regions; assessment of population decline, urbanization and spatial distribution using cases from China, Colombia, Japan and Australia; migration and economic impacts in Australasia, Chile and Timor Leste; and the impacts of declining or low fertility and population ageing in China, India, Thailand, and across Asia.
Given its scope, the book will appeal to all readers seeking to understand population change and impacts across the Asia-Pacific region, with a specific focus on sub-regional differences and dynamics.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Population Change in the Asia-Pacific Region: Trends, Issues and Models
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Population Trends and Prospects
1.3 Impacts of Demographic Change in the Asia-Pacific Region
1.4 Outline of the Book
1.4.1 Population Distribution
1.4.2 Migration and Development
1.4.3 Population Age Composition and Impacts
1.5 Final Thoughts
References
Part I: Population Distribution
Chapter 2: Pareto´s Law and City Size in China: Diverging Patterns in Land and People
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Data and Model Specification
2.3 Results
2.4 Conclusions
Appendix
References
Chapter 3: City Size Distribution in Colombia and Its Regions, 1835-2005
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Historical Context
3.2.1 Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
3.2.2 First Half of the Twentieth Century
3.2.3 Second Half of Twentieth Century and the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century
3.3 Zipf´s and Gibrat´s Laws
3.4 Data and Descriptive Statistics
3.5 Results
3.5.1 National Analysis
3.5.2 Regional Analysis
3.6 Conclusions
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References
Chapter 4: Exploring Economic Futures for Japan Under Rapid Depopulation: A Dynamic Regional CGE Model Approach
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Assumptions in Setting the Scenarios
4.2.1 Assumptions of a Depopulating Society
4.2.2 Additional Demand Generated by the Japan Revitalization Strategy
4.3 Structure of the Dynamic Six-Region CGE Model
4.3.1 Structure of the SAM and 6SCGE Model
4.3.2 Recursive Dynamic Dimension and Setting Parameters
4.4 Simulations and the Results
4.4.1 Setting the Simulation Scenarios
4.4.2 Simulation Results
4.4.2.1 Evaluation of Scenario A
4.4.2.2 Economic Effects of the Formation of Industrial Clusters
Evaluation of the Scenario in Terms of GRP
Evaluation of the Scenario in Terms of an Equivalent Variation
Evaluation of the Scenario in Terms of the Unemployment Rate
Economic Assessment of the Formation of Broad-Range Industrial Clusters
4.5 Conclusion and Policy Implications
References
Chapter 5: Using Spatial Microsimulation to Derive a Base File for a Spatial Decision Support System
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Spatial Decision Support Systems
5.3 Planning in a Region
5.4 Designing an SDSS with a Spatial Microsimulation Model
5.5 Data and Local Government Support
5.6 Conclusions
References
Part II: Migration and Development
Chapter 6: The Drivers of Long-Distance Commuting in Chile: The Role of the Spatial Distribution of Economic Activities
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Contextual Forces Promoting Long-Distance Commuting
6.2.1 Contextual Forces in Chile
6.3 Who Commutes Long Distances?
6.4 Data and Methodology
6.4.1 Dependent Variable
6.4.2 Independent Variables
6.5 Results and Discussion
6.5.1 Patterns of Inter-Regional Commuting
6.5.2 Determinants of Long-Distance Commuting
6.6 Conclusions
Appendix 1: Data and Variable Definitions
References
Chapter 7: Can Regionally-Targeted Temporary Visas Be an Effective Policy Instrument? A General Equilibrium Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The TERM-M Model
7.2.1 Theoretical Structure
7.2.2 The TERM-M Database
7.3 Simulation Design
7.4 Simulation Results: All Targeted Regions
7.5 The Effects of a Temporary Migration Program: RoWA
7.5.1 National Results
7.5.2 Results for Rest of Western Australia
7.5.2.1 Working Age Population and Employment
7.5.2.2 Other Macroeconomic Effects
7.5.3 Results for Perth Under the RoWA-Targeted Policy
7.6 Results for Other Regions
7.7 Concluding Remarks
Appendix
References
Chapter 8: Modeling the Dynamics of Circular Migration
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Brain Circulation and the Significance of the Diaspora
8.3 Conceptual Model: Circulatory Migration of Global Talent
8.4 Model Calibration for Migration Between New Zealand and Australia
8.5 Policy Simulations
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: The Changing Composition and Fortunes of Overseas Graduates in Australia: The Case of Chinese and Indian Graduates
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Overseas Graduates in Australia and the Shifting Socio-Economic and Immigration Policy Contexts
9.3 Data Sources and Definitions
9.4 Demographic and Skills Composition of the Population of Overseas Graduates in Australia
9.5 Work and Salary Outcomes of Chinese and Indian Graduates in Australia
9.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Effective Work Experience and Labour Market Impacts of New Zealand Immigration
10.1 Introduction
10.2 A Review of the Literature
10.3 Data and Descriptive Analysis
10.3.1 Supply Shock
10.3.2 Statistics for Education-Experience Groups
10.4 Methodology
10.4.1 Index of Congruence
10.5 Results
10.5.1 Model Specification: Is the Fixed-Effects Model Correct?
10.5.2 Education Groups
10.5.3 Spatial Correlation
10.5.4 Defining Effective Experience
10.6 Summary
References
Chapter 11: Migration and Regional Development in Timor-Leste
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Development-Migration Conceptual Model
11.3 Development and Migration in Timor-Leste
11.4 Migration Push and Pool Factors
11.4.1 Economy of the Districts of Timor-Leste
11.4.2 Explaining Migration Flows in Timor-Leste
11.5 Conclusion and Final Reflections
Appendix
References
Part III: Population Age Composition and Impacts
Chapter 12: China´s Ageing Population: The Present Situation and Prospects
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Statistical Description of China´s Ageing Population
12.2.1 The Regional Distribution of the Aged Population
12.2.2 Health of the Aged Population
12.2.3 The Sources of Financial Support for the Aged Population
12.3 The Main Challenges Facing China´s Ageing Population
12.3.1 The Problems with the Pension Insurance System
12.3.1.1 The Cover Rate of National Pension Insurance Is Low
12.3.1.2 The Difference Between Pension Payments and Contributions Is Large
12.3.1.3 The Development of Urban and Rural Social Security Systems Is Unbalanced
12.3.1.4 Value-Added Fund Management Is Inefficient
12.3.2 The Problems with the Healthcare System
12.3.2.1 The Government´s Investment in the Health Sector Is Inadequate
12.3.2.2 Medical Costs Continue to Rise
12.3.2.3 Basic Medical Insurance for the population Is at a Low Level
12.3.2.4 The Development of the Health Sector in Rural Areas Is Lagging Behind
12.3.3 The Problems with the Elderly Care Services System
12.3.3.1 Family Support Is Less Extensive
12.3.3.2 The Community Care Services System Is Problematic
12.3.3.3 Problems with the Social Care Services System
12.3.4 Summary of This Section
12.4 The Prospects for China´s Ageing Population
12.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Population Aging in India: Facts, Issues, and Options
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Demography: India´s Changing Population Landscape
13.3 Health: The Challenges of the Noncommunicable Disease Burden and Multimorbidity
13.4 Population Aging and Gender Issues
13.5 Income Security: Changing Patterns and Lack of a Safety Net
13.6 Policy Options: Past Attempts, Future Prospects
13.6.1 Health and Accessibility
13.6.2 Women´s and Gender Issues
13.6.3 Income Security Issues
13.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: The Child Deficit and the Changing Value of Children in Asia
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Changing Value of Children
14.3 A Model of the Child Deficit
14.4 The World Values Survey
14.5 The Ideal and Actual Number of Children
14.6 The Changing Value of Children
14.7 The Ideal Number of Children
14.8 The Actual Number of Children
14.9 The Child Deficit
14.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Situational Stressors Among Caregivers of Older Persons in Thailand
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Literature Review
15.3 Methods and Data
15.4 Results
15.4.1 Respondent Characteristics
15.4.2 Caregiving and Stress
15.4.3 Coping Behavior
15.4.4 Caregiving and Self-Efficacy
15.4.5 Family Support
15.4.6 Social Support
15.5 Conclusions
References