New Frontiers of Policy Evaluation in Regional Science (New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 52)

✍ Scribed by Yoshiro Higano (editor), Lily Kiminami (editor), Kenichi Ishibashi (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 412
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is especially valuable for its policy evaluation studies using both a theoretical model for policies carried out at national and regional levels and for gathering policy evaluation studies in diverse disciplines by empirical study.

Policy analysis shown here employs theoretical models such as an international trade model, an optimal tariff, and spatial reorganization. At the same time, factors in well-being are taken into consideration with land development, changes in migration and local economies by natural disasters, validation of efficiency for emission control methods, the relationship between cyberspace and physical space in urban networks, and NPOs’ investment activities.

The empirical research reported in this volume analyzes Japan, China, and Asian-Pacific cities. In the case of Japan, studies focus on the finances of local governments, the real estate industry, the role of consumer cooperatives in a food system, and agriculture and its productivity in hilly and mountainous areas. As well, the effects of industrial clusters in megacities and investment in high-speed railways and prediction of human behavior during an earthquake are studied. In China’s case, studies focus on food policy and the effect of ecology and environment on migration policy. For Asia-Pacific cities, studies show performance rankings of “super cities” in the region.

The book defines the frontier of policy evaluation following a middle path between theoretical study and empirical study with regard to evaluation. In addition, the book contributes to an understanding of the relationship between the goals and targets of sustainable development. This book is highly recommended for graduate students, policymakers, and researchers concerned with policy evaluation.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Part I Theoretical Research in Policy Evaluation
1 Trade, Capital Accumulation, and Wage Differentials: A Dynamic Model of the Comparative Advantage Theory
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Dynamic Model
1.3 The Growth Pathway
1.3.1 Analysis when each Region Is Superior in One Good
1.3.2 Analysis when One Region Is Superior in both Goods
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Ex Post Risk Management of Environmental Contamination of Municipal Water
2.1 Ex Post Risk Management Method
2.1.1 Institutional Types of Ex Post Management
2.1.2 Benefits and Limitations of the Ex Post Risk Management System
2.1.3 Environmental Risk and Ex Post Management
2.1.4 Tap Water Pollution Risk and Ex Post Management
2.2 Water Pollution Risk Sharing Model
2.2.1 Settings
2.2.2 Regional Government's Decision-Making Problem
2.2.3 Decision-Making Problem of Insurance Providers
Benchmark Case
Asymmetric Information Case
2.3 Implications for Risk Sharing System
2.3.1 Implications of the Insurance System Applicability
2.3.2 Implications for the Insurance System Design
2.3.3 No Applicability of the Insurance System
2.4 Concluding Remarks
References
3 Endogenizing the Reservation Value in Models of Land Development over Time and Under Uncertainty Revisited
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Land Development over Time and Under Uncertainty
3.2.1 The Theoretical Framework
3.2.2 The Maximization Problem
3.2.3 The Optimal Reservation Value
3.2.4 A Numerical Example
3.3 Conclusions
References
4 Illegal Dumping of Industrial Garbage and an Optimal TaxSystem
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Model
4.2.1 Dischargers
4.2.2 Haulers and Landfill Operators
4.2.3 Tax Expenditure
4.3 Optimal Tax Rate in the Single-Region Model
4.3.1 Social Optimum
4.3.2 Equilibrium Without a Tax Policy
4.3.3 Strict Monitoring Policy
4.3.4 Subsidy Policy
4.4 Concluding Remarks
References
5 Natural Disasters, Disaster Recovery Policies, and Regional Economy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Basic Model of Natural Disasters and the Regional Economy
5.3 Natural Disaster and Interregional Migration
5.4 The Model of Multiple Equilibrium
5.5 Production Function with Infrastructure
5.6 High-Demand City and Low-Demand City
5.7 Conclusion
Appendix
References
6 An Investigation of Hierarchical Central Place Systems and Optimal Spatial Structures for Improving Regional Welfare
6.1 Introduction
6.2 A Spatial Model
6.3 Hypothetical Analysis
6.4 Regional Sustainability
6.5 Further Avenues for Inquiry
6.6 Concluding Comments
References
7 Agglomeration and Dispersion Mechanism of City System with Interior Structure
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Model
7.2.1 Household Behavior
7.2.2 Firm Behavior
7.2.3 Indirect Utility Function
7.2.4 Rent Curve
7.2.5 Population of Industrial Workers
7.2.6 Urban Income
7.2.7 Industrial Wage Equation
7.3 Theoretical Considerations
7.3.1 The Case of Infinite Interregional Transportation Costs (τkk == 0)
7.3.2 The Case when Interregional Transportation Costs Are 0 (τkk == 1)
7.4 Numerical Simulations
7.4.1 Simulation Concepts
7.4.2 Setting Parameters and Simulation Cases
7.4.3 Simulation Results
Case (1)
Case (2)
Cases (3) and (4)
Case (5)
Changes in Distance to City Limits
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Emission Standards Versus Emission Taxes with Foreign Firms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Model
8.3 Unilateral Environmental Policies
8.3.1 Emission Standard
8.3.2 Emission Tax
8.3.3 Comparison of the Two Policies
8.4 Bilateral Environmental Policies
8.4.1 Emission Standard
8.4.2 Emission Tax
8.4.3 Comparison of the Two Policies
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Budget Deficits of the Central Government and the Decentralization of Local Governments
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Changing Tone of National Finances
9.2.1 The Rapid Increase in the National Debt
9.2.2 A Change in the Administration of Public Finances
9.2.3 Problems with the Reforms
9.3 Initial and Revised Budgets
9.3.1 Introducing the Correction Rate
9.3.2 Economic Monetary Policy and the Issuance of Government Bonds
9.4 Worsening Local Finances
9.4.1 The Initial and Revised Budgets of Local Governments
9.4.2 The Relationship Between Public Works Spending and Normal Construction Funds
9.4.3 The Role of Local Tax Allocations
9.4.4 Special Accounts in the Local Tax Allocation System
9.5 Changes in Local Populations
9.5.1 Population Increases
9.5.2 The Population Increase Rate
9.5.3 In-Migration Rates in Large Cities
9.5.4 The Merging of Municipalities and Discussions Around Integration of Prefectures (Introducing a Do-Shu System)
9.5.5 Important Points Regarding Prefectural Integration
9.6 Conclusion
References
Part II Empirical Research in Policy Evaluation
10 Socioeconomic Factors Affecting the Innovativeness of Start-Ups in Japan: Comparative Analysis Between Social Enterprises and Commercial Enterprises
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Review and Hypotheses
10.2.1 Literature Review
10.2.2 Hypotheses
10.3 Analytical Method and Analytical Results
10.3.1 Analytical Method and Data
10.3.2 Analytical Results
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Multi-Agent Simulation for Prediction of Human Behavior During a Hypothetical Earthquake
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Multi-Agent Simulation for Disaster Behavior
11.2.1 Human Behavior and Intelligent Agents
11.2.2 Multi-Agent Simulation
11.2.3 Concept of Simulation and Procedure
11.3 Several Preparations for Simulation Analysis
11.3.1 Execution of the Preliminary Model
11.3.2 Motivation of Evacuation Activity
11.4 Simulation on Evacuation of Inhabitants Against Tsunami Disaster
11.4.1 Hypothetical Earthquake and Tsunami
11.4.2 Survey on Evacuation Behavior
11.4.3 Classification of Human Evacuation Behavior Patterns
11.4.4 Establishment of Simulation Space (Fig. 11.12)
11.4.5 Action Rule Bases of Agent as Evacuee
11.4.6 Practical Simulation Analysis on Evacuation Due to Tsunami Disaster
11.5 Analyses of Simulation on Return Home During Earthquake Disaster
11.5.1 Outline of Model Building
11.5.2 Hypothetical Earthquake and Practical Study Area
11.5.3 Surveys on Return Home Trip Behaviors
11.5.4 Establishment of the Simulation Space
11.5.5 Number of Agents Used with Simulation and Their Attributes
11.5.6 Choice Model of Return Home
11.5.7 Some Results of Simulation in the Existing Case
11.5.8 Analysis on Changes of Return Home Activities in Assumed Scenarios
11.5.9 Analysis on Allocation of Temporary Staying Shelters
11.5.10 Results and Consideration
11.6 Conclusion and Remarks
References
12 Dynamic Changes in Food Consumption in China: Focusing on the Rice Retail Market
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Literature Review
12.2.1 Development of Brand Theory and Agricultural Product Brand
12.2.2 Retail Market Development and E-Commerce
12.2.3 Brand Analysis on Agricultural Products and Rice in China and Japan
12.2.4 Sustainable Diets and Food Market
12.3 Analytical Framework and Methods
12.3.1 Analytical Framework and Hypotheses
12.3.2 Data and Analytical Methods
12.4 Analytical Results
12.4.1 Results from Hedonic Rice Function
12.4.2 Results from Actual Store Survey
12.5 Concluding Remarks and Policy Implication
References
13 Ecological Migration Policy and Livestock Farm Management
13.1 Introduction
13.2 China's Localized Economic Policies and Ecological Migrants
13.3 Overview and Industries in the Survey Area
13.4 Description and Implementation Status of the Ecological Migration Program
13.5 How the Ecological Migration Policy Impoverishes Workers
13.6 Direct Impact of Ecological Migration on Household Finances
13.6.1 State of Ecological Migrants' Household Finances
13.6.2 Estimated Impact on Household Finances While Continuing to Engage in Livestock Farming
13.6.3 Comparison Between the Simulation and Actual Circumstances
13.6.4 Problems with the Ecological Migration Policy
13.7 Conclusion
References


14 Assessment of Policies on Environmental Impacts of Socioeconomic Activities: A Case Study of Kasumigaura Basin, Japan
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Research Methodology
14.2.1 Outline of the Research Methodology
14.2.2 Modeling Framework
14.3 Simulation Model
14.3.1 Water Pollutants Dynamics Model
The Total Load of Pollutants Flowing into the Lake
Pollutant Load in the Sub-Basins of Each River per Municipality
Pollutants Emitted by Socioeconomic Activities
Pollutants from Household Wastewater in Each Municipality
Load of Pollutants from Nonpoint Sources
Load of Pollutants from Industrial Activities
14.3.2 Air Pollutant Emission Model
14.3.3 Socioeconomic Activity Model
Equipment for Sewage and Rural Community Sewage Services
Sewage Systems and Rural Community Sewage Systems
Maintenance Costs of the Sewage System
Subsidization for the Installation of Combined Treatment Septic Tanks
Budget Constraints
Fallow Field Promotion Policy
Production Function and Curtailment
Capital Stock Accumulation
Total Budget of the Prefecture for the Countermeasures
Flow Balance in the Commodity Market
Gross Regional Product
14.3.4 Constraints on the Amount of Air Pollutant Emissions and Water Pollutant Inflow
14.3.5 Objective Function
14.4 Simulation Results
14.4.1 Changes in the Objective Function
14.4.2 Changes in Emission Amounts of Air Pollutants and Water Pollutants Flowing into Lake Kasumigaura
14.4.3 Changes in Accumulative Budget Distribution and Budget Expenditure on Each Policy
14.5 Conclusion and Suggestion
References
15 Industrial Agglomeration Due to High-Speed Railway Investment: A Monopolistic Competition Model ImpactAssessment
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Related Research
15.2.1 Regional Econometric Models
15.2.2 Computable General Equilibrium Models
15.2.3 Monopolistic Competition Models
15.2.4 Position of This Research
15.3 Impact of the Linear Chuo Shinkansen
15.3.1 Changes in Traffic Time
15.3.2 Changes in Service Input
15.3.3 Love of Variety and Productivity
15.4 Monopolistic Competition Model
15.4.1 Basic Concept
15.4.2 Final Demand Sector
15.4.3 Production Sector
15.4.4 Factor Markets
15.4.5 Number of Firms
15.5 Parameter Estimation
15.5.1 Interregional Input-Output Table
15.5.2 Estimation of Logistics Service Cost
15.5.3 Estimation of Information Service Costs
15.5.4 Estimation Results
15.6 Quantitative Analysis of the Maglev Line from Tokyo to Osaka
15.6.1 Case Setting
15.6.2 Maglev Line Between Tokyo and Nagoya
15.6.3 Maglev Line Between Tokyo and Osaka
15.7 Conclusion
Appendix 1: Expenditure of the Final Demand Sector
Appendix 2: Expenditures in the Production Sector
References
16 Performance Rankings of Asia-Pacific Supercities by Means of Data Envelopment Analysis
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Data Envelopment Analysis as a Tool for Tracing Asia-Pacific Supercities
16.3 The Database and Analytical Framework for the Asia-Pacific Cities
16.4 Sensitivity Analysis for DEA Applications
16.4.1 A Sensitivity Analysis Matrix
16.4.2 Results of Sensitivity Analysis in SE-CCR and SE-SBM Models
16.4.3 Results of Sensitivity Analysis on Information Variation
Sensitivity Analysis for Input and Output Item Elimination
Sensitivity Analysis for Efficient DMU Elimination Case
16.4.4 Standard Deviations of the DEA Score, Optimum Weights for Input and Output Items
16.5 Efficiency Improvement Projection
16.5.1 Outline of the Distance Friction Minimization (DFM) Approach
16.5.2 Efficiency Improvement Projection Based on CCR, SBM and DFM model
16.6 Conclusions and Lessons
References
17 Chinese Internal Migration and Income Disparity in 1980s and 1990s - A Two-area (Urban and Rural), Two-sector (Formal and Informal) Model Based on An Extended Gravity Formula
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Definition of Regional Division and Population Migration
17.2.1 Regional Division and China Western Development
17.2.2 Formal and Informal Sector Definition
17.2.3 Definition of Urban Formal and Urban Informal Sector
17.2.4 Definition of Rural Formal and Rural Informal Sector
17.2.5 The Actual Situation of the Informal Sector in China
17.2.6 Population Migration
17.3 Model Structure
17.3.1 Population Migration Functions
17.3.2 Labor Productivity Functions
Urban Labor Productivity
Rural Labor Productivity
The Number of Labor Force Functions
17.3.3 Regional Definition Formula
17.4 Final Test and Simulation
17.4.1 Final Test Results
17.4.2 Simulations
17.5 Conclusion
Appendix 1: Model Structure
Appendix 2: Variable Table
References
18 Output and Profit Effects of Backward Integration Through Joint Projects: A Successive Cournot Oligopoly Model of the Real Estate Industry
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Real Estate Industries Formed by Independent Upstream-Downstream Oligopolists
18.3 Backward Integrations of Successive Oligopolists by Means of Joint Projects
18.4 Comparison of Profits and Welfare Based on Transaction Patterns Concerning Vertical Integrations
18.5 Conclusion
References
19 Analysis of Regional Agricultural Productivity Growth Using the Malmquist Productivity Index: The Case of Chugoku, Japan
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Methods
19.2.1 Hypothesis
Changes in the Concentration of Rural Agribusinesses
Structural Change of Regional Agriculture
Initial Conditions (Initial Environment Related to Agricultural Resource Use)
19.2.2 Econometric Model for Measurement
19.3 Data Collection
19.3.1 Target Area and Target Period
19.3.2 Variables
Growth Index of Regional Agriculture
Indicators of Factors Affecting the Agricultural Productivity
19.4 Results and Discussion
19.4.1 Growth Characteristics of Regional Agriculture
19.4.2 Factors Affecting the Growth of Regional Agriculture
19.5 Summary
References