Polymer Nanocomposites: Fabrication to Applications

✍ Scribed by Verma R.K., Kesarwani S., Xu J., Davim P.J. (ed.)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 318
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Polymer Nanocomposites: Fabrication to Applications offers readers an up-to-date interpretation of various polymeric nanocomposite materials and technologies via critical reviews. It covers developments and advancements in various nanomaterials, polymeric materials, biopolymers, and processes. It initiates from nanomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and characterization to the manufacturing aspect and feasible product applications of polymer-based nanocomposites. The prime focus is on polymer matrix nanocomposites and their future trends in the engineering sector.
Features:
Explores synthesis, characterization, properties, fabrication/processing, and applications of polymer nanocomposite materials.
Elaborates on polymer manufacturing phase challenges using various control methods and statistical tools and modules.
Includes machining and micro (μ) machining investigation on the polymer nanocomposites.
Discusses modeling, simulation, and optimization of process parameters during the machining processes and applications of additive manufacturing.
Comprehends the significance of nanomaterials functionalizing synthetic fibrous and biocompatible composites.
This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in mechanical engineering, materials science, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Polymer Nanocomposites: Fabrication to Applications
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
1. A Brief Overview of Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites
Contents
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Polymer Composites
1.3 Types of Polymer Composites
1.3.1 Green Composites
1.3.2 Hybrid Composites
1.4 Application of Polymer Composites
1.4.1 Nanotechnology
1.4.2 Nanomaterials
1.4.2.1 Classification of Nanomaterials
1.4.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
1.5 Polymer Nanocomposites
1.5.1 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites
1.5.2 Classification of Polymer Nanocomposites (PNCs)
1.6 Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites
1.6.1 Solution Mixing
1.6.2 Melt Intercalation
1.6.3 In Situ Polymerization Technique
1.6.4 Template Synthesis
1.7 Commonly Used Nanofillers in Polymer Nanocomposites
1.7.1 Carbon-Based Nanofillers
1.7.2 Graphene
1.7.3 Layered Nanoclays
1.7.4 Nano-Metals and Nano-Metal Oxides
1.8 Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites
1.9 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites
1.9.1 Food Packaging
1.9.2 Current Advances in the Packaging Field
1.9.3 Application of Polymer Nanocomposites in Healthcare Sector
1.9.4 Aerospace Applications
1.9.5 Automobile Application
1.10 Conclusion
References
2. Nano-Engineered Polymer Matrix-Based Composites
Contents
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanofillers: Structure, Properties, Applications
2.2.1 Graphene
2.2.2 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites and Applications
2.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
2.2.3.1 Structure of CNTs
2.2.3.2 Properties of CNTs
2.3 Applications in Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
2.3.1 Covalent Functionalization
2.3.2 Non-covalent Functionalization
2.4 Zeolites and Metal–Organic Frameworks
2.4.1 Zeolites
2.4.2 Metal–Organic Framework
2.4.2.1 Solvothermal Synthesis
2.4.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
2.4.2.3 Sonochemical Synthesis
2.4.2.4 Electrochemical Synthesis
2.4.2.5 Mechanochemical Synthesis
2.4.3 Morphology and Crystal Size of MOFs
2.4.4 MOF-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
2.5 Conclusion
References
3. Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers in Catalysis for Pollutant Removal
Contents
3.1 Introduction
3.2 History of the Electrospun Nanofibers
3.3 Type of Catalysts
3.3.1 Supporter Catalyst
3.3.2 Templates
3.3.3 Metal Oxides
3.4 Electrospun Nanofibers in Catalytic Applications
3.5 Electrospun Nanofibers for Pollutant Removal
3.6 Future Challenges with Electrospun Nanofibers
3.7 Conclusions
References
4. Nanoengineered Polymer Composites and Their Applications: A Systematic Assessment of Synthesis Methods
Contents
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Structure and Properties of Nanomaterials
4.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes
4.2.2 Graphite
4.2.2.1 Graphene
4.2.2.2 Graphene Oxide
4.2.2.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide
4.2.3 Boron Nitride Nanosheet (BNNS)
4.2.4 2D Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2)
4.3 Synthesis Techniques
4.3.1 Solution-Based Processing Technique
4.3.2 Melt Processing Technique
4.3.3 In Situ Polymerization
4.4 Salient Factors Influencing the Performance of Composites
4.4.1 Geometry
4.4.2 Volume Content
4.4.3 Dispersion
4.4.4 Orientation
4.4.5 Interface Bonding
4.4.6 Processing Parameters
4.5 Applications of Nanoengineered Polymer Composite
4.5.1 Applications Based on Surface Properties
4.5.1.1 Tribology
4.5.1.2 3D Printing
4.5.1.3 Tissue Engineering
4.5.2 Mechanical Properties
4.5.2.1 Young's Modulus and Tensile Strength
4.5.3 Applications Based on Thermal Properties
4.5.3.1 Thermal Dissipation
4.5.4 Strain Sensor Applications
4.5.4.1 Nanoengineered Strain Sensor
4.5.4.2 Nanoengineered Thermoelectric Device
4.5.5 Nanoengineered Wearable Textiles for Energy Harvesting
4.6 Conclusion
4.7 Future Scope
References
5. Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Harvesting
Contents
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials
5.3 Fabrication Processes
5.3.1 Spin-Coating Technique
5.3.2 Electrospinning Technique
5.4 Polymer Nanocomposite Energy-Harvesting Application
5.4.1 Electrospun Piezo-Polymer Nanogenerator
5.4.2 Material Characterization
5.4.3 Vibration Energy Harvesting
5.5 Conclusion
References
6. Nanophytomedicine and Their Applications: A Brief Overview
Contents
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Polymer-Based Nanoparticles
6.2.1 Polymeric Micelles
6.2.2 Dendrimers
6.2.3 Polymeric Nanoparticles
6.3 Applications of Polymer-Based Nanophytomedicine
6.3.1 Cancer Therapy
6.3.2 Neurological Disorders Therapy
6.3.3 Cardiovascular Diseases Therapy
6.3.4 Wound Healing
6.3.5 Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity
6.3.6 Diabetes Mellitus Therapy
6.4 Conclusion
References
7. Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings: Characterisation Techniques and Applications
Contents
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Characterisation Techniques
7.2.1 Appearance, Structure and Phase
7.2.2 Thermal Characterisation
7.2.3 Rheological Characterisation
7.2.4 Biological Characterisation
7.2.5 Other Specific Techniques
7.3 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings
7.3.1 Biological Applications
7.3.2 Superhydrophobic Application
7.3.3 Films and Coatings for Whole and Cut Fruits and Vegetables
7.3.4 Anticorrosive and Self-Healing Coatings
7.4 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
8. Recent Trends in Nanometric Dispersed Polymer Composites
Contents
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Processing of NDPC
8.3 Mechanism of NDPC
8.4 Recent Trends and Applications
8.4.1 Recent Trends of NDPC
8.4.2 Application of NDPC in the Medical Sector and Food Packaging Industry
8.4.2.1 Application of NDPC in Medical Science in Order to Fight the Cancer Demon
8.4.2.2 Application of NDPC in the Food Packaging Industry
8.5 Opportunities and Perspectives
8.5.1 Opportunities Nanotechnology Brings to Food Packaging and Medical Science
8.5.1.1 Effect of Nanometric Dispersed Polymer Composites on Biosensors
8.5.1.2 Recent Advancements in Nanometric Dispersed Polymer Composites to Boost Biosensors
8.5.2 Perspectives on NDPC Especially for Medical Sector and Food Packaging Industry
8.5.2.1 Perspectives on NDPC in Terms of the Medical Sector
8.5.2.2 Perspectives on NDPC in Terms of Food Packaging Industry
8.6 Challenges and Limitations
8.7 Importance of the Study
8.8 Conclusions
References
9. Dispersive Techniques and Methods to Synchronize Host–Guest Interactions of Nanocomposite-Reinforced Polymers
Contents
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Impact of Dispersion in NC: Polymer Matrix
9.3 Dispersion Techniques
9.3.1 Ultrasonication Method
9.3.2 Mechanical Stirring
9.3.3 Solvent Mixing
9.3.4 In-Situ Polymerization
9.4 Percentage of Dispersions with Different Techniques and Methodologies
9.5 Impact of Dispersion on Different Properties
9.5.1 Mechanical Properties
9.5.2 Electrochemical and Electrical Properties
9.5.3 Optical and Energy Gap
9.6 Case Studies Involving the Effective Dispersion of Various Nanomaterials
9.6.1 Panoramic View on Nanofillers into Polymer Matrix
9.6.2 Mechanical Properties of Highly Studied Polymer: Nanocomposites
9.7 Conclusion
References
10. Application of Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymeric Composites in Bioscience and Medicinal Disciplines: A Review
Contents
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthesis and Biological Aspects
10.3 Applications
10.3.1 Hyperthermia
10.3.2 Targeted Drug Delivery
10.3.3 Bioimaging
10.3.4 Tissue Engineering
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. Bionanocomposites: Biological Aspects and Biomedical Applications
Contents
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 History
11.1.2 Recent Research and Advances
11.2 Types of Nanocomposites
11.2.1 Framework-Based
11.2.1.1 Matrix-Based
11.2.1.2 Reinforcement-Based
11.2.2 Application-Based
11.2.2.1 Bionanocomposites
11.2.2.2 Smart Nanocomposites
11.3 Bionanocomposites
11.3.1 Classification of Bionanocomposites
11.3.1.1 Bioactive Silicate-Based Nanocomposites
11.3.1.2 Mechanically Stiff Interpenetrating Networks (IPNs)
11.3.1.3 Graphene-Enhanced Polymeric Nanocomposites
11.3.1.4 Spatially Controlled Hydrogel Nanocomposites
11.3.1.5 Polymeric Nanocomposite Hydrogels
11.3.1.6 Polymeric Nanocomposites Loaded with Metallic Nanoparticles
11.3.1.7 Bioinspired Metallic Nanoparticles
11.3.1.8 Bioinspired Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites
11.3.1.9 Bioinspired Rosette Nanotube Composites
11.3.2 Components of Bionanocomposites
11.4 Methods of Processing of Bionanocomposites
11.4.1 Solution Intercalation
11.4.2 In Situ Intercalative Polymerization
11.4.3 Melt Intercalation
11.4.4 Template Synthesis
11.5 Characterization of Bionanocomposites
11.5.1 Particle Size
11.5.2 Surface Morphology
11.5.3 Thermal Properties
11.5.4 Mechanical Properties
11.6 Biological Aspects of Bionanocomposites
11.6.1 Biocompatibility
11.6.2 Biodegradability
11.6.3 Antimicrobial Properties
11.7 Application of Bionanocomposites
11.8 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
12. Strategies to Improve the Micro-electrical Discharge Machining Performance of CFRP
Contents
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Present Experimental Work on Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining of CFRP
12.2.1 Fabrication of Blind-Micro-Holes in CFRP
12.2.1.1 Fabrication of CFRP Workpiece
12.2.1.2 Assisting Conductive Sheet and Tool Materials
12.2.1.3 Machining Setup
12.2.1.4 Parameters
12.2.1.5 Experimental Design
12.2.1.6 Taguchi and Regression Analysis
12.2.1.7 Morphological Study
12.2.1.8 Assessment of Material Removal Mechanism
12.2.2 Fabrication of Through-micro-holes in CFRP
12.2.2.1 Parameters and Design of Experiment
12.2.2.2 Taguchi Analysis
12.2.2.3 Analysis of Variance
12.2.2.4 Morphological Study
12.2.3 Powder-Mixed µEDM (PMµEDM) of CFRP
12.2.3.1 Parameters and Design of Experiment
12.2.3.2 Variation in Machining Time
12.2.3.3 Regression Analysis
12.2.3.4 Study of Machined Surface Morphology
12.3 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
13. Polycarbonate (PC)-Based Material Design and Investigation of its Properties by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM
Contents
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Details of Experiments
13.2.1 FDM Machine
13.2.2 Characterization of 3D-Printed PC
13.2.3 Selection of Parameters and Details of the Experiment
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Tensile Strength of PC Material
13.3.2 Flexural Strength of PC Material
13.3.3 Impact Strength of PC Material
13.3.4 Shore D Hardness of PC
13.3.5 Fractography Studies
13.3.6 ANOVA Analysis
13.3.7 Predicted Mean
13.3.7.1 Determination of Confidence Intervals
13.3.8 Confidence Interval
13.4 Conclusions
References
14. Mechanics of Composite Material Machining: An Overview
Contents
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Types of Composites
14.2.1 Polymer Matrix Composites
14.2.2 Metal Matrix Composites
14.2.3 Ceramic Matrix Composites
14.3 Machining of Composite Materials
14.3.1 Machining of PMCs
14.3.2 Machining of MMCs
14.3.3 Machining of CMCs
14.4 Tool Wear
14.4.1 Tool Wear During Machining of PMCs
14.4.2 Tool Wear During Machining of MMCs
14.5 Surface Integrity of Composites
14.6 Concluding Remarks
14.7 Future Scope
References
15. Fabrication and Machinability (Drilling) Properties of Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) Composites (CARALL and GLARE)
Contents
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Fabrication of FMLs
15.2.1 Interface Analysis of FMLs
15.2.2 Effects of Nanoparticles on FML
15.2.3 Production Technologies of FMLs
15.3 The Machining (Drilling) of FMLs
15.4 Conclusions
References
16. Micromachining of Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites
Contents
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
16.3 Micromachining of Nanocomposites
16.3.1 Influence of Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer Nanocomposite on Machinability
16.3.2 Burr Generation in Microdrilling
16.3.3 Burr Generation in Micro-End Milling
16.3.4 Surface Finish in Polymer Nanocomposites
16.3.5 Size Effect in Micromachining
16.3.6 Effect of Microstructure
16.3.7 Effect on Radius of Cutting-Edge and Minimum Uncut Chip Thickness
16.4 Micromachining Process
16.4.1 Mechanical Micromachining
16.5 Microdrilling
16.5.1 Mechanism of Microdrilling
16.5.2 Microdrilling of Nanocomposites Reinforced with GFRP/CFRP Nanomaterials
16.6 Micromilling
16.6.1 Mechanism of Micromilling Material Removal
16.6.2 Micromilling of Nanocomposites Reinforced with Graphene/MWCNT Nanofillers
16.6.3 Micromilling for Manufacturing of Microfluidic Channel
16.6.4 Micromilling of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
16.7 Microturning
16.8 Advanced Micromachining
16.9 Conclusions
References
17. Grinding Nanocomposite Materials for Space Applications
Contents
17.1 Nanocomposite Materials
17.2 Grinding and Finishing Processes for Nanocomposites
17.2.1 Kinematics of Grinding Nanocomposites
17.2.1.1 Kinematics of Grinding Nanocomposites: Dynamic Chip Thickness
17.2.1.2 Kinematics of Grinding Nanocomposites: Active Cutting Grits
17.2.1.3 Kinematics of Grinding Nanocomposites: Instantaneous Undeformed Chip Thickness
17.2.2 Kinetics of Grinding Nanocomposites
17.3 Materials for Grinding Nanocomposites
17.3.1 Effects of Abrasive Grit Shape
17.4 Nanocomposites for Space Applications
17.4.1 Polymer–Matrix Composites (PMCs)
17.4.2 Metal–Matrix Composites (MMCs)
17.4.3 Ceramic–Matrix Composites (CMCs)
17.5 Future Scope of Work
References
18. Future Trends in Polymer Nanocomposites
Contents
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Magnetic Nanocomposites
18.3 Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites
18.4 Conductive Filler-Based Nanocomposites
18.5 Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites
18.5.1 Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Fuel Cells
18.5.2 Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace
18.6 Nanocomposites and Aircrafts
18.7 Bio-Nanocomposite as a Plastic Packaging Material Replacement
18.8 Membranes Made of Nanomaterials for Sustainable Water Purification
18.9 Electronics and Polymer Nanocomposites
18.10 Agricultural Applications
18.11 Nanocomposites and Sensors
18.12 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
18.13 Natural Fiber-Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites
18.14 Bone Repair
18.15 Applications of Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites
18.15.1 Applications in Biomedicine
18.15.2 Packaging
18.15.3 Automotive Applications
18.15.4 Flame-Retardant Nanocomposites
18.16 Conclusions
References
Index