Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites: Materials, Properties, and Applications

✍ Scribed by Gu J., Tang Y., Kong J., Dang J.

• Publisher: Wiley-VCH
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 304
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

One-stop reference on important recent research accomplishments in the field of polymer matrix wave-transparent composites.
Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites: Materials, Properties, and Applications is a unique book that focuses on polymer matrix wave-transparent composites for electromagnetic wave transmission of a certain frequency, discussing various aspects of design, fabrication, structure, properties, measurement methods, and mechanisms, along with practical applications of functional polymer composites in industrial fields ranging from aircraft radomes, to radomes for ground, shipborne, and airborne purposes, to radomes for 5G communication, to printed circuit boards and beyond.
Edited by four highly qualified academics and contributed to by well-known experts in the field, Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites includes detailed discussion on sample topics such as:
Interface between the reinforced fiber and polymer matrix, including basic concepts, characterization, and the most common method of functionalization for the interface.
Mechanism of wave-transparent, factors that influence wave-transparent performance, and fabrication techniques.
Processes of hand paste molding, pressure bag molding, laminated molding, resin transfer molding (RTM), and winding molding.
Physical and chemical properties of the inorganic fibers (glass fibers and quartz fibers) and organic fibers (aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers).
Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites is an essential reference on the latest research in the field for researchers and related professionals, as well as for individuals who are not familiar with the field and wish to gain a holistic understanding in one place.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites: Materials, Properties, and Applications
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
1.1 Outline on Wave‐Transparent Composites
1.2 Composition of Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
1.2.1 Polymer Matrix
1.2.2 Reinforced Fibers
1.3 Factors Influencing the Wave‐Transparent Performances of Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
1.4 Property Requirements for Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
1.4.1 Wave‐Transparent Performances
1.4.2 Mechanical Properties
1.4.3 Heat Resistant Properties
1.4.4 Environmental Resistance Properties
References
2. Wave-Transparent Mechanism, Test Methods for Dielectric Properties and Wave-Transparent Models of Wave-Transparent Materials
2.1 Wave‐Transparent Mechanism of Wave‐Transparent Materials
2.2 Dielectric Parameter Equations for Wave‐Transparent Materials
2.2.1 Clausius–Mossotti Equation
2.2.1.1 Electron Polarization
2.2.1.2 Atomic Polarization
2.2.1.3 Ion Polarization
2.2.1.4 Orientated Polarization
2.2.1.5 Interfacial Polarization
2.2.2 Maxwell–Garnett Equation
2.2.3 Lichtenecker Equation
2.3 Test Methods for Dielectric Properties of Wave‐Transparent Materials
2.3.1 Resonance Method
2.3.1.1 Perturbation Method
2.3.1.2 High Q Cavity Method
2.3.1.3 Quasi‐Optical Cavity Method
2.3.2 Nonresonant Method
2.3.2.1 Transmission Line Method
2.3.2.2 Free‐Space Method
2.4 Wave‐Transparent Model of Wave‐Transparent Materials
2.4.1 Single‐Layer Wave‐Transparent Model
2.4.2 Two‐Layer Wave‐Transparent Model
2.5 Summary
References
3. Polymer Matrix
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Common Polymer Matrix
3.2.1 Epoxy Resins
3.2.2 Phenolic (PF) Resins
3.2.3 Bismaleimide (BMI) Resins
3.2.3.1 Modified BMI Resins by Diamine Chain Extension
3.2.3.2 Modified BMI Resins by Allyl Compounds
3.2.3.3 Modified BMI Resins by Rubber Elastomers
3.2.3.4 Modified BMI Resins by Thermoplastic Resins
3.2.3.5 Modified BMI Resins by Thermoset Resins
3.2.3.6 Modified BMI Resins by Flexible Long‐Chain Segments
3.2.3.7 Other Modification Methods
3.2.4 Silicone Resins
3.2.5 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin
3.2.6 Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Resins
3.2.7 Cyanate Ester (CE) Resins
3.3 Design and Preparation of Polymer Matrix with Low Dielectric Constant
3.3.1 Epoxy Resins
3.3.1.1 Structural Modification of Epoxy Resins with Low ϵ
3.3.1.2 Curing Agent with Low ϵ for Epoxy Resins
3.3.1.3 Epoxy Composites with the Addition of Low ϵ Compounds, Fillers, or Fibers
3.3.2 Phenolic Resins
3.3.3 Bismaleimide Resins
3.3.4 Silicone Resins
3.3.5 Polytetrafluoroethylene Resins
3.3.6 Unsaturated Polyester Resins
3.3.7 Cyanate Resins
3.3.7.1 CE Composites Blending with the Addition of Low ϵ Fillers
3.3.7.2 Structural Modification of CE Resins with Low ϵ
3.4 Summary
References
4. Reinforced Fibers
4.1 Inorganic Fibers
4.1.1 Glass Fibers
4.1.1.1 Types of Glass Fibers
4.1.1.2 Classification by Raw Material Composition
4.1.1.3 Classification by Usage Characteristics
4.1.1.4 Preparation of Glass Fibers
4.1.1.5 Structure of Glass Fibers
4.1.1.6 Properties of Glass Fibers
4.1.2 Quartz Fibers
4.1.2.1 Development History and Types of Quartz Fibers
4.1.2.2 Preparation of Quartz Fibers
4.1.2.3 Structure of Quartz Fibers
4.1.2.4 Properties of Quartz Fibers
4.2 Organic Fibers
4.2.1 Aramid Fibers
4.2.1.1 Types of Aramid Fibers
4.2.1.2 Preparation of Aramid Fibers
4.2.1.3 Structure of Aramid Fibers
4.2.1.4 Properties of Aramid Fibers
4.2.2 Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers
4.2.2.1 Synthesis of UHMWPE
4.2.2.2 Preparation of UHMWPE Fibers
4.2.2.3 Structure of UHMWPE Fibers
4.2.2.4 Properties of UHMWPE Fibers
4.2.3 Poly‐p‐Phenylene Benzobisoxazole Fibers
4.2.3.1 Synthesis of PBO Monomer and PBO Polymers
4.2.3.2 Preparation of PBO Fibers
4.2.3.3 Structures of PBO Fibers
4.2.3.4 Properties of PBO Fibers
4.3 Summary
References
5. Interfaces of Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites
5.1 Basic Concept of Interfaces
5.2 Formation of Interfaces
5.3 Interfacial Interaction Mechanism of the Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
5.3.1 Mechanical Bonding Theory
5.3.2 Adsorption Theory
5.3.3 Diffusion Theory
5.3.4 Acid‐Base Interaction Theory
5.3.5 Chemical Bonding Theory
5.4 Characterization of Interfacial Performances
5.4.1 Characterization of Chemical Performances of Interfaces
5.4.1.1 Elemental Composition and Functional Groups on the Surface of the Reinforced Fibers
5.4.2 Surface Free Energy of the Reinforced Fibers
5.4.3 Characterization of Physical Performances of Interfaces
5.4.3.1 Surface Morphology and Roughness of the Reinforced Fibers
5.4.3.2 Interface Layer of the Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
5.4.4 Characterization of Interfacial Bonding Strength
5.4.4.1 Single Fiber Fracture Test
5.4.4.2 Single Fiber Pull‐Out Test
5.4.4.3 Fiber Indentation/Ejection Test
5.4.4.4 Nano‐Indentation Method
5.5 Improvement of Interfacial Compatibility for Reinforced Fibers/Polymer Matrix
5.5.1 Surface Functionalization of the Reinforced Fibers
5.5.1.1 Physical Modification
5.5.1.2 Chemical Modification
5.5.2 Interfacial Compatibilizers
5.5.2.1 Definition of the Interfacial Compatibilizer
5.5.2.2 Classification and Action Mechanism of the Interfacial Compatibilizers
5.5.2.3 Design and Synthesis of Interface Compatibilizers
5.6 Summary
References
6. The Molding Technologies of Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites
6.1 Structural Design of Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
6.1.1 Structural Design Condition of the Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
6.1.1.1 Requirements of Structural Properties
6.1.1.2 Load Condition
6.1.1.3 Environmental Condition
6.1.1.4 Reliability and Economy of the Products
6.1.2 Materials Design
6.1.2.1 Selection of Raw Materials
6.1.2.2 Determination of the Performances for Single Layer
6.1.2.3 Laminates Design
6.1.3 Structural Design
6.1.3.1 Structural Design Principles
6.1.3.2 Technological Requirements
6.1.3.3 External Factor
6.2 Molding Process of the Polymer Matrix Wave‐Transparent Composites
6.2.1 Shaping
6.2.2 Impregnating
6.2.3 Curing
6.2.4 Hand Paste Molding
6.2.4.1 Types of Hand Paste Molding
6.2.4.2 Raw Materials of Hand Paste Molding
6.2.4.3 Release Agents of the Hand Paste Molding
6.2.4.4 Features of the Hand Paste Molding
6.2.5 Bag Molding
6.2.5.1 Vacuum Bag Molding
6.2.5.2 Pressure Bag Molding
6.2.5.3 Vacuum Bag‐Autoclave Molding
6.2.6 Laminated Molding
6.2.6.1 Laminated Molding Process
6.2.6.2 Common Defects and Solutions of the Laminated Molding
6.2.7 RTM
6.2.7.1 Process Flow of RTM
6.2.7.2 Structures of RTM Machine
6.2.7.3 Characteristics of RTM
6.2.8 Filament Winding
6.2.8.1 Classification of Filament Winding
6.2.8.2 Winding Rules
6.2.8.3 Winding Process
6.2.8.4 Characteristics of the Filament Winding
6.3 Summary
References
7. Application of the Polymer Matrix Wave-Transparent Composites
7.1 Aircraft Radomes
7.2 Radomes of Airborne, Shipborne, Ground, and Vehicle
7.2.1 Airborne Radomes
7.2.2 Shipboard Radomes
7.2.3 Ground Radomes
7.2.4 Vehicle‐Mounted Radomes
7.3 5G Communication Radomes
7.4 Printed Circuit Board
7.5 Summary
References
Index