โ Scribed by Propping, Peter
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Presynaptic nerve terminals function to release neurotransmitters in a highly regulated manner. In presynaptic nerve terminals, synaptic vesicles filled with transmitters are clustered close to active zones where they fuse with the plasma membrane after Ca 2+ influx. A convergence of biochemical and genetic approaches has led to major progress in understanding how nerve terminals work. The fundamental problems are 1. to elucidate how presynaptic nerve terminals with active zones and synaptic vesicle clusters differentiate in conjunction with postsynaptic specializations; 2. to unravel the mechanisms that specify the size and transmitter type of a given pair of pre-and postsynaptic structures; 3. to determine the molecular machinery that underlies neurotransmitter release by synaptic vesicle exocytosis; and 4. to understand how neurotransmitter release is acutely regulated by Ca 2+ and more slowly regulated by processes of synaptic plasticity. In the present lecture I will summarize our understanding of the mechanisms of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and its regulation as it emerges from mouse genetics and in vitro biochemistry. Although we are only at the beginning of a complete understanding of the molecular machinery involved, insight into the components that control synaptic transmission has already led to exciting advances in our perspectives on neural information processing pathways.
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