## Abstract ## BACKGROUND In the United States, Blacks who smoke cigarettes have a higher mean blood concentration of the nicotine metabolite cotinine than White smokers. It has not been determined whether there are racial differences in the exposure to the cigarette smoke carcinogen 4‐(methylnitr
On the formation of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone during smoking☆
✍ Scribed by Adams, John D.; Lee, Suk Jong; Vinchkoski, Norma; Castonguay, Andre; Hoffmann, Dietrich
- Book ID
- 123123037
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1983
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 504 KB
- Volume
- 17
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0304-3835
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## Abstract Urinary metabolites of the tobacco‐specific nitrosamine 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK), 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides, termed total NNAL, have recently been shown to be good predictors of lung cancer risk, years before di
Sufficient evidence has demonstrated that cigarette smoking is causally associated with various types of human cancers. In the United States, about 90% of deaths from lung cancer among men and 79% of those among women are associated with smoking. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are formed from nicotin