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On crystal growth of ammonium and potassium dichromate. A study of the shubnikov effect

✍ Scribed by Dr. B. Breidenstein; Prof. Dr. H. Follner


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1990
Tongue
English
Weight
632 KB
Volume
25
Category
Article
ISSN
0232-1300

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✦ Synopsis


Growth and equilibrium forms of ammonium (A2/a) and potassium dichromate ( P i ) have been calculated by means of the Fourier transform method of crystal morphology. Twin laws of potassium dichromate and heteroepitaxial intergrowth of both substances can be explained by partitions of space.

According to SHUBNIKOV the (001) planes of potassium dichromate crystals grown in aqueous solutions are always smooth, the parallel opposite planes, however, roughened. WAGNER observed that this effect only occurs at temperatures shortly above or below 25 "C. The present investigation has shown that roughening of (001) appears at 25 "C after addition of potassium chromate to the potassium dichromate solutions. This means that the one-sided intergrowth can be explained by a stereospecific adsorption of polychromates. Solution additions like potassium pennanganate and Chromotrope 2B generate roughenings on both (001) faces. X-Ray diffraction investigations can be interpreted in such a way that the intergrown plates are mirror symmetric oriented to two planes being normal to the a-and b-axes. This is in accordance with repeated formation of intergrown plates. Theoretische Wachstums-und Gleichgewichtsformen von Ammonium-(A2/a) und Kaliumdichromat (P 1) wurden mit Hilfe der Fouriertransformationsmethode der Kristallmorphologie berechnet. Die bekannten Zwillingsgesetze von Kaliumdichromat und die heteroepitaktischen Verwachsungen beider Substanzen lassen sich aus dreidimensionalen Wirkungsbereichsteilungen ableiten. Nach SCHUBNIKOW ist die (001)-Flache von Kaliumdichromatkristallen stets glatt, die parallele Gegenflache immer aufgerauht. Dieser Effekt wird nach WAGNER allerdings nur unterhalb bzw. oberhalb 25 "C beobachtet. Nach Zugabe von Kaliumchromat zu Kaliumdichromatlosungen treten die Aufrauhungen auch bei 25 "C auf. Die einseitigen Aufwachsungen beruhen offensichtlich auf einer stereospezifischen Adsorption von Polychromaten. Verunreinigungen wie Kaliumpermanganat bzw. Chromotrop 2B fiihren zu Aufrauhungen beider Flachen. Rontgenbeugungsuntersuchungen Iassen den SchluD zu, daR die Aufwachsungen auf (001) spiegelbildlich zu Ebenen orientiert sind, die senkrecht zu den a-und b-Achsen verlaufen. Dies steht nicht im Widerspruch zu der wiederholten Plattchenbildung. I) 23rd Communication


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