Nitroxides. Brief History, Fundamentals, and Recent Developments

✍ Scribed by Gertz I. Likhtenshtein

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 323
• Series: Springer Series in Materials Science
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
About the Author......Page 11
1.1 Long Preamble of a Tale (1845–1960)......Page 12
1.2 “Golden” Decade (1962–1972)......Page 14
1.3 New Era......Page 19
1.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 23
References......Page 25
2.1 Introduction......Page 32
2.2 Spin Electron–Spin Nuclear Interactions in Nitroxides......Page 34
2.3 Relationships Between the Structure and Properties of Nitroxide......Page 36
References......Page 44
3.1 Introduction......Page 46
3.2 Nitroxide Redox Potential......Page 47
3.3 Oxoammonium Cation Reactions......Page 53
3.4 Nitroxide Cross-Coupling Reactions......Page 58
3.5 Nitroxides in Electrocatalysis......Page 61
3.6 Nitroxides as Radical Scavenger......Page 65
3.7 Nitroxide Reaction with Typical Antioxidants......Page 69
3.8 Nitroxide Redox Behavior in Biological Systems......Page 74
References......Page 76
4.1 Introduction......Page 81
4.2 Spin Electron–Spin Electron Interactions. Distance Determination......Page 83
4.2.1 Spin Electron–Spin Nuclear Interactions......Page 92
References......Page 98
5.1 Introduction—Historical Notes......Page 103
5.2 Electron Spin Exchange in Nitroxide Biradicals......Page 106
5.3 X-Ray Structures and DFT Calculations......Page 110
5.4 Intramolecular Dynamics in Biradicals......Page 117
5.5 Applications of Biradicals......Page 122
References......Page 123
6.1 Introduction......Page 129
6.2 Structure and Synthesis of Dual Fluorophore–Nitroxide Compounds......Page 130
6.2.1 Profluorescent Nitroxides as Redox Probes......Page 138
6.3 Fluorescence Detection of Free Radicals......Page 152
6.4.1 Dual Compounds for Photoswitching Magnetic Materials......Page 153
6.4.2 Photophysical Effects in Paramagnetic Complexes Bearing Nitroxides......Page 156
6.4.3 Factors Affected on Intramolecular Fluorescence Quenching, Electron Transfer, and Photoreduction in Dual Compounds......Page 159
References......Page 166
7.1 Introduction......Page 171
7.2 Mechanism of the Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization......Page 172
7.3 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Kinetics......Page 175
7.4 Surface and Dispersed Systems......Page 178
7.5 NMP in Creation of Complex Macromolecular Architectures......Page 182
7.6 NMP and Polymer Materials......Page 184
7.7 Nitroxide on Inorganic Templates......Page 186
7.8 NMP for Organic Electronics and Other Devices......Page 187
7.9 NMP and Materials for Biomedical Applications......Page 189
References......Page 191
8.1 Introduction......Page 197
8.2 Nitroxide Bearing Liquid Crystals......Page 198
8.3 Nitroxide Crystal Structure Materials......Page 207
8.4 Nitroxides in Electric Batteries......Page 210
8.5 Nitroxide Single-Crystal Molecular Magnet......Page 216
References......Page 222
9.2.1 Cells......Page 226
9.2.2 Animals......Page 234
9.3 Miscellaneous......Page 235
References......Page 239
10.1 Introduction......Page 243
10.2.1 Proteins and Peptides......Page 244
10.2.2 Lipid Membranes......Page 257
10.2.3 Nucleic Acids......Page 259
10.3.1 Background......Page 263
10.3.2 Spin Oximetry......Page 265
10.3.4 Spin Redox Probe......Page 266
10.3.5 SH Moiety Assay......Page 268
10.3.6 Spin Imaging......Page 269
10.3.7 Molecular Dynamics. Spin Viscose Meter......Page 272
10.4 Alternative Spin Labeling......Page 275
References......Page 283
11.1 Multispin Nitroxides......Page 290
11.1.1 Spin Trapping......Page 292
11.2.1 Fundamentals......Page 296
11.2.2 Nitroxide in Investigation of Electrostatic Effects......Page 298
11.3 Immersion Depth of Nitroxide Fragment......Page 302
11.4 Nitroxides in Cotton and Cellulose Physicochemistry and Technology......Page 304
11.5 Spin Cascade......Page 309
11.6 Nitroxides in Matrices......Page 311
References......Page 313
Index......Page 318