Next–Generation Antennas: Advances and Challenges

✍ Scribed by Prashant Ranjan (editor), Dharmendra Kumar Jhariya (editor), Manoj Gupta (editor), Krishna Kumar (editor), Pradeep Kumar (editor)

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 304
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Antenna design and wireless communication has recently witnessed their fastest growth period ever in history, and these trends are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Due to recent advances in industrial applications as well as antenna, wireless communication, and 5G technology, we are witnessing a variety of developing and expanding new technologies. Compact and low-cost antennas are increasing the demand for ultra-wide bandwidth in next-generation (5G) wireless communication systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). Enabling the next generation of high-frequency communication, various methods have been introduced to achieve reliable high data rate communication links and enhance the directivity of planar antennas. 5G technology can be used in many applications, such as in smart city applications and in smartphones.  This technology can satisfy the fast rise in user and traffic capacity in mobile broadband communications.

Therefore, different planar antennas with intelligent beamforming capability play an important role in these areas. The purpose of this book is to present the advanced technology, developments, and challenges in antennas for next-generation antenna communication systems. This book covers advances in next-generation antenna design and application domain in all related areas. It is a detailed overview of cutting-edge developments and other emerging topics and their applications in all areas of engineering that have achieved great accuracy and performance with the help of the advancement and challenges in next generation antennas.

Whether a refresher for veteran engineers hoping to stay abreast of the latest advances and developing concepts in the field, an introduction to new engineers moving into the field, or a textbook for students and faculty, this groundbreaking new volume is a must-have for any library. 

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half-Title Page
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1 Different Types of Microstrip Filters for UWB Communication
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Previous Work
1.2.1 Multiband Microwave Filter for a Wireless Communication System
1.2.2 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter
1.2.3 Ultra-Wideband Filter with Notch Band Characteristic
1.3 Conclusions
References
2 Design, Isolation Analysis, and Characterization of 2×2/4×4 MIMO Antennas for High-Speed Wireless Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Understanding 2×2 MIMO Antenna Configuration
2.3 Diversity Performance Analysis of 2×2 UWB-MIMO/Dual-Polarization/UWB: Single, Dual, Triple, and Four Notched Bands
2.4 4×4 MIMO Antenna
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 Various Antenna Array Designs Using Scilab Software: An Exploratory Study
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Scilab: An Open-Source Software Solution
3.3 Antenna Array Design Using Scilab: Codes and Results
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Conformal Wearable Antenna Design, Implementation and Challenges
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Conformal Antenna
4.2.1 Singly Curved Surfaces
4.3 Characteristics of Conformal Antenna
4.3.1 Radiation Pattern
4.3.2 Scan-Invariant Pattern
4.3.3 Phase-Scanned Pattern
4.3.4 Polarization
4.4 Design Methodology Antenna Modeling
4.4.1 Overview
4.4.2 Geometry and Calculation of Planar MSA
4.4.3 Calculated and Optimized Value of Antenna
4.5 Wearable Conformal Antenna
4.5.1 Wearable Technology
4.5.2 Wearable Devices for Medical Systems
4.5.3 Wearable Medical Devices Applications
4.5.4 Measurement of Human Body Temperature
4.5.5 Measurement of Blood Pressure
4.5.6 Measurement of Heart Rate
4.5.7 Measurement of Respiration Rate
4.5.8 Measurement of Sweat Rate
4.5.9 Measurement of Human Gait
4.6 Textile and Cloth Fabric Wearable Antennas
4.6.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
4.6.2 Interaction with Human Body
4.6.3 Wearable Devices Tracking and Monitoring Doctors
4.6.4 Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)
4.7 Design of Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP) Based Wearable Antenna
4.7.1 Dimensions of the Proposed Model
4.7.2 Slot Loaded Ground: (Defective Ground Structure DGS)
4.7.3 Radiation Characteristics
4.8 Result Discussion and Analysis
4.9 Challenges and Future Needs
4.10 Conclusion
References
5 Design and Analysis of On-Body Wearable Antenna with AMC Backing for ISM Band Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design of Star-Shape with AMC Backed Structure
5.2.1 Characterization of AMC Unit Cell
5.3 Discussion of Results of Star-Shaped Antenna with AMC Structure
5.3.1 Bending Analysis of Star-Shaped Antenna with AMC Backed Structure
5.4 On-Body Placement Analysis of Proposed Antenna with AMC Structure
5.4.1 Specific Absorption Rate Analysis
5.4.2 On-Body Gain of the Star-Shaped Antenna With and Without AMC
5.4.3 Far-Field Characteristics of An Antenna
5.5 Transmitting Signal Strength
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Antenna Miniaturization for IoT Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Issues in Antenna Miniaturization
6.3 Antenna for IoT Applications
6.4 Miniaturize Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT
6.5 Conclusion & Future Work
References
7 Modified Circular-Shaped Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Utilities
7.1 Overview of Wireless Communication
7.2 Introduction to Microstrip Patch Antenna
7.3 Literature Review
7.4 Design and Implementation of Projected Antenna
7.5 Results and Discussion
7.5.1 Scattering Parameters (S11)
7.5.2 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
7.5.3 Bandwidth
7.5.4 Gain
7.5.5 Radiation Pattern
7.5.6 Surface Current Distribution
7.5.7 Axial Ratio
7.5.8 Group Delay
7.6 Parametric Analysis
7.6.1 Effect of Parameter ‘RP’
7.6.2 Effect of Parameter ‘Fw’
7.6.3 Effect of Parameter ‘LPG’
7.6.4 Effect of Different Substrate Materials
7.7 Summary
References
8 Reconfigurable Antenna for Cognitive Radio System
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Antenna
8.3 Antenna Reconfigurations
8.4 Uses and Drawbacks of Reconfigurable Antenna
8.5 Spectrum Access and Cognitive Radio
8.6 Cognitive Radio
8.7 Spectrum Sensing and Allocation
8.8 Results and Discussion
8.9 Conclusions
References
9 Ultra-Wideband Filtering Antenna: Advancement and Challenges
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ultra-Wideband Filtering Antenna
9.3 Ultra-Wideband Filtering Antenna with Notch Band Characteristic
9.4 Conclusions
References
10 UWB and Multiband Reconfigurable Antennas
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Need for Reconfigurable Antennas
10.3 RF PIN Diode and MEMS Switch as Switching Devices
10.4 Triple Notched Band Reconfigurable Antenna
10.5 Tri-Band Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna
10.6 Conclusions
References
11 IoT World Communication through Antenna Propagation with Emerging Design Analysis Features
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Design and Parameter Analysis of Multi-Input Multi-Output Antennas
11.3 Measurement Analysis in 3D Pattern with IoT Module
11.4 Comparison of Antenna Design Concerning the IoT Data Transmission
11.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
12 Reconfigurable Antennas
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Reconfigurability of Antenna
12.2.1 Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas (FRAs)
12.3 Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna (RA)
12.3.1 Polarization RA with Single Band
12.3.2 Dual-Band Polarization RA
12.3.3 Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna (RA)
12.3.4 Main-Beam Shape
12.3.5 Main Beam Scanning
12.4 Compound Reconfigurable Antennas (RAs)
12.5 Reconfigurable Leaky Wave Antennas
12.6 Reconfigurable Antennas Applications in Wireless Communication
12.6.1 Reconfigurable Antennas MIMO Communication Systems
12.6.2 Reconfigurable Antennas Mobile Terminals
12.6.3 Reconfigurable Antennas for Cognitive Radio Applications
12.6.4 Reconfigurable Antennas MIMO-Based Cognitive Radio Applications
12.6.5 Reconfigurable Antennas WLAN Band Rejection
12.6.6 Reconfigurable Antennas Wireless Sensing
12.6.7 Reconfigurable Antennas Terahertz (THz) Communication Applications
12.6.8 Reconfigurable Antennas Millimeter-Wave Communication Applications
12.7 Optimization, Control, and Modeling of Reconfigurable Antennas
12.8 Conclusions
References
13 Design of Compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Antennas for Microwave Imaging Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Ultra-Wideband Antennas (UWB)
13.2 Microwave Imaging
13.3 Antenna Design Implementation
13.3.1 Design of Reflector-Based Antipodal Bowtie Antenna
13.3.2 Fabrication of Slotted Bowtie Antenna with Reflector Prototype
13.3.3 Parametric Study on the Effect of Slot in the Bowtie Antenna
13.3.4 Radiation Pattern
13.4 Design of a UWB-Based Compact Rectangular Antenna
13.4.1 Parametric Results of the Strip Attached at the Top of the Antenna
13.4.2 Effect of Inserting Slot L1xW1 and Location of the Slot ds
13.4.3 Effect of Varying the Length of Slot L2 and L3
13.4.4 Performance Comparison of the Measured and Simulated Results of the Miniaturized UWB Antenna
13.4.5 Radiation Characteristic of the Proposed Miniaturized UWB Antenna
13.5 Validation of the Miniaturized UWB Antenna with the Human Breast Model Developed
13.5.1 Validation of the Staircase UWB Antenna with the Human Breast Model Developed
13.5.2 MUSIC Beamforming Algorithm
13.5.3 Estimation of DOA Using MUSIC Algorithm
13.6 Conclusions
References
14 Joint Transmit and Receive MIMO Beamforming in Multiuser MIMO Communications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 System Model: Proposed Mimo Beamforming Architecture
14.3 Mimo Beamforming Based on Generalized Least Mean (GLM) Algorithm
14.3.1 Update of the Receive Weight Vector
14.3.2 Update of Transmit Weight Vector
14.4 Mean and Mean Square Stability of the GLM
14.5 Simulation Results
14.5.1 Effect of K on the MSE
14.5.2 Effect of µ on the MSE
14.5.3 Effect of M and N on the MSE
14.5.4 Effect of SNR on the MSE
14.5.5 Effect of SNR on Bit Error Rate
14.6 Summary
References
15 Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Equalizer Design for Multiuser MIMO System
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Related Literature Review
15.3 System Model
15.4 Derivation for the Probability of Error
15.5 Design of Adaptive Equalizer by Minimizing BER
15.5.1 Interior Point Approach
15.5.2 Stochastic Gradient Approach
15.6 Simulation Results
15.7 Summary
References
About the Editors
Index
EULA