New Frontiers of Nanomaterials in Environmental Science

✍ Scribed by Rajeev Kumar (editor), Raman Kumar (editor), Gurpreet Kaur (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 298
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides the detail information about nanoparticles, their types, characterization techniques such as TEM, FESEM, AFM, XRD etc. nanogenotoxicity, metal and metal oxide nanoparticle’s toxicity, physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials, entry routes, cell-nano interaction studies, possible impacts to the human kind, and on the methods of evaluating the toxicity. It puts together comprehensive and up-to-date information about sustainable approaches in making an eco-friendly environment using advanced nanotechnologies. It educated readers about the new frontiers and scope of employing various state-of-art nano-technologies to clean-up and save our environment. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, environmental biotechnologists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, environmental sciences, environmental engineering and biotechnology.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
About the Editors
1: Environmental Pollution, Its Causes and Impact on Ecosystem
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Pollution: Types and Causes
1.2.1 Air Pollution
1.2.2 Water Pollution
1.2.2.1 Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health
1.2.3 Soil Pollution
1.2.4 Solid Waste Pollution
1.3 Impact of Pollution on Ecosystem and Its Treatment/Remediations
1.3.1 Toxicology of Air Pollution and Its Treatment
1.3.1.1 Impact of Air Pollution
1.3.1.2 Remediations/Treatment of Air Pollution
1.3.2 Toxicology of Water Pollution and Its Treatment
1.3.2.1 Impact of Water Pollution
1.3.2.2 Remediations/Treatment of Water Pollution
1.3.3 Toxicology of Soil Pollution and Its Treatment
1.3.3.1 Impact of Soil Pollution
1.3.3.2 Remediations/Treatment of Soil Pollution
1.3.4 Toxicology of Solid Waste Pollution and Its Treatment
1.3.4.1 Impact of Solid Waste Pollution
1.3.4.2 Remediations/Treatment of Solid Waste Pollution
1.4 Conclusion
References
2: Nanomaterials; Applications; Implications and Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanomaterial Sources
2.2.1 Engineered Nanomaterials
2.2.2 Ultrafine or Incidental Nanomaterials
2.2.3 Natural Nanomaterials
2.3 Classification of Nanomaterials
2.3.1 Dimensionality
2.3.2 Morphology and Nanocomposites
2.3.3 NP Uniformity and Agglomeration
2.3.4 NP Characterization
2.4 Nanotechnology Applications in Different Fields
2.4.1 Nanofluid
2.4.2 Nanostructured Coatings
2.4.3 Nanoremediation
2.4.4 Carbon Nanotube-Microbial Fuel Cell
2.4.5 Nanocatalyst
2.4.6 Nanophosphors Development
2.4.7 Computer Nanochips
2.4.8 Removal of Environmental Contaminants
2.4.9 Nanoparticles in Sunscreen Creams and Lotions
2.4.10 Advanced Applications of Nanomaterials
2.5 Implications and Fate of Nanotechnology in the Environment
2.5.1 Disadvantages and Implications of Nanomaterials
2.6 Management
2.6.1 Methods to Overcome the Nanotoxicity
2.6.2 Limiting the Nano-Contamination
2.7 Conclusion
References
3: Environmental Nanotechnology: Its Applications, Effects and Management
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nanotechnology
3.3 Environmental Nanotechnology
3.4 Applications of Environmental Nanotechnology
3.4.1 Nanotechnology in Hydrosphere
3.4.2 Nanotechnology in Atmosphere
3.4.3 Nanotechnology in Lithosphere
3.4.4 Nanotechnology in Biosphere
3.4.5 Drug Delivery Applications
3.4.6 Gene Delivery Applications
3.4.7 Body Imaging Technology
3.4.8 Other Applications
3.4.8.1 Nanotechnology as Energy Sources and Energy Convertors
3.4.8.2 Nanotechnology for Remediation of Contamination
3.4.8.3 Nanotechnology for Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration
3.4.8.4 Nanotechnology for Food Safety
3.5 Effects of Environmental Nanotechnology
3.5.1 Effects on Hydrosphere
3.5.2 Effects on Atmosphere
3.5.3 Effects on Biosphere
3.5.3.1 Plants
3.5.3.2 Animals
3.5.3.3 Microorganisms
3.5.4 Effects on Lithosphere
3.6 Management of Environmental Nanotechnology
3.7 Conclusion
References
4: Nanoscavengers for the Waste Water Remediation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Properties of Nanomaterials
4.3 Mechanisms of Nanomaterials
4.4 Nanoparticles in Water Treatment
4.4.1 Alumina Nanoparticles for Water Remediation
4.4.2 Silica Nanoparticles for Water Remediation
4.4.3 Titania Nanoparticles for Water Remediation
4.4.4 Nanoscale Zerovalent Metals
4.5 Other Materials for Nanoremediation
4.6 Conclusion
References
5: Development of Environmental Nanosensors for Detection Monitoring and Assessment
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Working Principle of Nanosensors and Methods for Nanosensors Development
5.3 Classification of Nanosensors
5.3.1 On the Basis of Transduction Principle
5.3.1.1 Optical Nanosensors
5.3.1.2 Electrochemical Nanosensors
5.3.1.3 Mechanical/Acoustic Detection
5.3.1.4 Magnetic Transduction
5.3.2 On the Basis of Shape and Types of Nanomaterials Used for Fabrication of Nanosensors
5.3.2.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
5.3.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles
5.3.2.3 Bio-Nanomaterials and Polymeric Nanomaterials
5.3.2.4 Metal Oxide (MOX)-Based Nanomaterials
5.3.2.5 Metal-Based Nanomaterials
5.3.2.6 Nanosensor Fabrication with Electrospun Nanofibers
5.3.2.7 Quantum Dots (QDs)
5.3.2.8 Porous Silica
5.3.3 On the Basis of Applications
5.3.3.1 Monitoring of Air Quality: Gas Sensors
5.3.3.2 Detection of Soil Samples
5.3.3.3 Detection of Water Contaminants
5.3.3.4 Nanosensors Used for Different Types of Analytes
Pesticides
Heavy Metals
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Cadmium
Pathogens
Phenolic and Nitro-Aromatic Compounds
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
5.4 Limitations
5.5 Summary
References
6: Nanotechnology for the Remediation of Heavy Metals
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sources of Heavy Metal Contamination
6.3 Impacts of Heavy Metal Pollution on Human Health
6.3.1 Nano Particles Employed for the Remediation of Heavy Metals
6.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes
6.4 Graphene Nanomaterials
6.5 Silica-Based Nanomaterials
6.6 Zero-Valent Metal-Based Nanomaterials
6.6.1 Au Nanoparticles
6.6.2 Iron Nanoparticles
6.6.3 Silver Nanoparticles
6.7 Metal-Based Nanomaterials
6.7.1 Goethite (a-FeOOH)
6.7.2 Hematite (a-Fe2O3)
6.7.3 Magnetite (Fe3O4)
6.8 Nanocomposites
6.8.1 Inorganic Nanocomposites
6.8.2 Organic Polymer-Supported Nanocomposites
6.8.3 Magnetic NanoComposites
6.8.4 Guar Gum
6.8.5 Fungal Biomass
6.8.6 Chitosan
6.9 Conclusion
References
7: Emerging Potential of Nano-Based Techniques for Dye Removal
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Lethal Impact of Commercially Employed Dyes
7.3 Commercially Employed Methodologies for Dye Removal
7.4 Confronting Issues with Commercially Employed Methodologies
7.5 Emerging Potential of Nano-Based Techniques for Dye Removal
7.6 Bio-Inspired Synthesis of C-Dots
7.7 Characteristic Properties of C-Dots
7.8 Dye Removal Activities of C-Dots for Waste Water Cleanup
References
8: Nanomaterials for Remediation of Pesticides
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Removal of Pesticides Using Nanotechnology
8.3 Removal of Pesticides by Nanoparticles
8.4 Conclusions
References
9: Application of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Removal of Hydrocarbons
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hydrocarbons
9.2.1 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
9.2.2 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
9.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
9.3.1 Fullerenes
9.3.2 Nanotubes
9.3.3 Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives
9.4 Application of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Removal of Hydrocarbons
9.4.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Adsorption Technology
9.4.2 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Analytic Chemistry
9.4.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis
9.5 Conclusion
References
10: Nanofertilizers and Their Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanoparticles in Agricultural Systems
10.3 Role of Specific Nanoparticles on Plant Growth
10.4 Summary
References
11: Nanopesticides in Agriculture
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nanoencapsulation
11.2.1 Nanospheres
11.2.2 Micelles
11.2.3 Lipid-based Nanomaterials
11.2.4 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
11.2.5 Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials
11.3 Conclusion
References
12: Management of Waste Using Nanotechnology
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Nanotechnology
12.2.1 Nanoparticle
12.2.2 Carbon-based Nanomaterials
12.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
12.2.4 Metal-based Nanomaterials
12.2.5 Quantum Dots
12.2.6 Dendrimers
12.2.7 Liposome
12.2.8 Composites
12.2.9 Nanocomposites
12.2.10 Iron Oxide
12.3 Various Characteristics of Nanosystems
12.3.1 Approaches in Nanotechnology
12.4 Nanotechnology in Waste Management
12.5 Nanotechnology for Water Treatment
12.5.1 Applications of Nanotechnology in Water or Wastewater Treatment
12.5.1.1 Zerovalent Metal Nanoparticles
Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs)
Iron Nanoparticles
Zinc Nanoparticles
12.5.2 Metal Oxides Nanoparticles
12.5.2.1 TiO2 Nanoparticles
12.5.2.2 ZnO Nanoparticles
12.5.2.3 Iron Oxides Nanoparticles
12.5.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes
12.5.2.5 Nanofiltration Membranes
12.5.3 Nanocomposites
12.6 Nano-adsorption
12.6.1 Carbon-based Nano-adsorbents
12.6.2 Metal-based Nano-adsorbents
12.6.3 Polymeric Nano-adsorbents
12.6.4 Zeolites
12.6.5 Membranes and Membrane Process
12.6.6 Nanofiber Membranes
12.7 Landfill Leachate Treatment
12.7.1 Iron Nanoparticles
12.7.2 Titanium Dioxide
12.8 Nanotechnology and Recycling
12.8.1 Use of Nanotechnology in Recycling Tagging and Tracking for Waste Minimization
12.8.2 Lifecycle of a Pellet
12.9 Conclusion
References
13: Phytoremediation and Nanoremediation
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Phytoremediation
13.1.2 Classification of Phytoremediation
13.1.2.1 Phyto-degradation (Phyto-transformation)
13.1.2.2 Phyto-stabilization (Phyto-immobilization)
13.1.2.3 Phyto-volatilization
13.1.2.4 Phyto-extraction (Phyto-accumulation, Phyto-absorption, or Phyto-sequestration)
13.1.2.5 Phyto-filtration
13.1.2.6 Rhizo-degradation (Phyto-stimulation)
13.1.3 Some of the Advantages of Phytoremediation Is Listed Below
13.2 Nanoremediation
13.2.1 Methods of Nanoremediation
13.2.1.1 Reduction
13.2.1.2 Oxidation
13.2.1.3 Sorption
13.3 Heavy Metals in Water
13.3.1 Oxide-based Nanoparticles
13.3.2 Iron Based Nanoparticles
13.3.3 Manganese Oxides (MnO) Nanoparticles
13.3.4 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
13.3.5 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles
13.4 Applications of Nanoremediation
13.4.1 Groundwater Remediation
13.4.2 Surface Water Treatment
13.4.3 Soil Treatment
13.5 Impact of Heavy Metals on Environment
13.5.1 Arsenic
13.5.2 Cadmium
13.5.3 Chromium
13.5.4 Lead (Pb)
13.5.5 Mercury (Hg)
13.6 Discussions
13.7 Conclusions
References