Nanozymology: Connecting Biology and Nanotechnology (Nanostructure Science and Technology)

✍ Scribed by Xiyun Yan (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 563
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book introduces the new concept of “nanozyme”, which refers to nanomaterials with intrinsic enzymatic activity, rather than nanomaterials with biological enzymes incorporated on the surface. The book presents the cutting-edge advances in nanozyme, with emphasis on state-of-the-art applications in many important fields, such as in the biomedical fields and for environmental protection. The nanozyme is a totally new type of artificial enzyme and exhibits huge advantages over natural enzymes, including greater stability, low cost, versatility, simplicity, and suitability for industry. It is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers, as well as graduate students in nanoscience and technology, and biology wishing to learn the core principles, methods, and the corresponding applications of “nanozyme”.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Basic Concept, Mechanism and Characterization of Nanozymes
1 Nanozymology: An Overview
1.1 New Concept of Nanozyme
1.2 Nanozymes is a New Generation of Artificial Enzymes
1.3 Nanozyme Application Evolving from Potential to Practice
1.4 Nanozyme is an Emerging Field Bridging Nanotechnology and Biology
1.5 Nanozymology
References
2 Kinetics and Mechanisms for Nanozymes
2.1 Enzymatic Activities and Behavior of Nanozymes
2.2 Typical Kinetics and Catalytic Mechanisms for Nanozymes
2.3 Characterization and Identification for Active Site in Nanozymes
2.4 Nature of Nanozyme as Enzyme Mimetics
2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
3 Types of Nanozymes: Materials and Activities
3.1 Nanomaterials as Nanozymes to Mimic Natural Enzymes
3.2 Cerium Oxide-Based Nanomaterials
3.2.1 Nanoceria as Superoxide Dismutase Mimics
3.2.2 Nanoceria as Catalase Mimic
3.2.3 Nanoceria as Oxidase Mimics
3.2.4 Nanoceria as Peroxidase Mimetic
3.2.5 Nanoceria as Phosphatase Mimic
3.3 Iron Oxide-Based Nanomaterials
3.3.1 Iron Oxide as Peroxidase Mimics
3.3.2 Iron Oxide as Both Peroxidase and Catalase Mimics
3.3.3 Iron Oxide as Oxidase Mimics
3.4 Other Metal Oxide-Based Nanomaterials
3.4.1 Cobalt Oxide as Catalase and Peroxidase Mimics
3.4.2 Copper Oxide as an Oxidase Mimic
3.4.3 Manganese Dioxide as Oxidase Mimics
3.4.4 Vanadium Pentoxide as Peroxidase Mimics
3.5 Metal-Based Nanomaterials
3.5.1 Gold Nanomaterials
3.5.2 Platinum Nanomaterials
3.5.3 Other Metal Nanomaterials
3.6 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
3.6.1 Fullerene and Derivatives as SOD Mimics
3.6.2 CNTs, Graphene, and Derivatives as Peroxidase Mimics
3.7 Other Nanomaterials
3.7.1 Other Iron-Based Nanomaterials as Peroxidase Mimics
3.7.2 Other Nanomaterials as Peroxidase Mimics
References
4 Nanozymes: Preparation and Characterization
4.1 Nanozymes Preparation
4.1.1 Hydrothermal Method
4.1.2 Solvothermal Method
4.1.3 Co-precipitation Method
4.1.4 Sol-Gel Method
4.1.5 Other Methods
4.2 Nanozymes Characterization
4.2.1 Characterization as Common Nanomaterials
4.2.2 Enzymatic Kinetics
4.2.3 Probing the Catalytic Process
4.2.4 Analyzing the Nanozyme Properties in Biological Systems
References
Nanomaterial-Based Nanozymes
5 Iron Oxide Nanozyme: A Multifunctional Enzyme Mimetics for Biomedical Application
5.1 Introduction
5.2 IONzyme: A Novel Enzyme Mimetics
5.2.1 Enzymatic Activities of IONzyme
5.2.2 Kinetics and Mechanism
5.2.3 IONzyme Synthesis
5.3 Extraordinary Property of IONzyme
5.3.1 Stability
5.3.2 Tunability of Activity
5.3.3 Multifunctionality
5.4 Extensive Applications of IONzyme in Biomedicine
5.4.1 Enzyme Alternative for Immunoassay and Pathogen Detection
5.4.2 Cascade Enzymatic Reaction for Substrate-based Detection
5.4.3 Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy
5.4.4 Antibacteria and Biofilm Elimination
5.4.5 Modulation of Cellular Oxidative Stress
5.5 Conclusion and Perspective
References
6 Prussian Blue and Other Metal–Organic Framework-based Nanozymes
6.1 History of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
6.2 Enzyme Immobilization in MOFs
6.3 MOF-Derived Nanozymes
6.4 Intrinsic Enzyme-like Activities of MOFs
6.5 Structure and Enzyme-like Activities of Prussian Blue
6.6 Perspective and Challenges
References
7 Carbon-based Nanozeymes
7.1 Introduction of CNMs
7.1.1 Fullerene
7.1.2 CNTs
7.1.3 Graphene
7.1.4 CQDs and GQDs
7.2 Carbon-Based Nanozeymes
7.2.1 Carbon-Based Superoxide Dismutase Mimics
7.2.2 Carbon-Based Peroxidase Mimics
7.3 Carbon Nanomaterials as Modulators for Nanozymes
7.3.1 Dispersing and Stabilizing Nanozymes by CNMs
7.3.2 Modulating the Substrate Adsorption by CNMs
7.3.3 Influence from Physical and Chemical Properties of CNMs
7.4 Perspective and Challenges
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Functional Enzyme Mimics for Oxidative Halogenation Reactions that Combat Biofilm Formation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Halogenating Enzymes
8.3 Antimicrobial Activity of HPOs
8.4 Analytical Assays for Oxidative Halogenation
8.5 Homogeneous Biomimetic HPO/HG-Like Catalysts
8.6 Heterogeneous Versus Enzyme HPO/HG-Like Catalysts
8.7 Supported Biomimetic Catalysts for Halogenation Reactions
8.8 Supported Non-transition Metal Catalysts for Halogenation Reactions
8.9 Transition Metal Oxides as Heterogeneous HPO/HG-Like Nanozymes
8.10 Antimicrobial and Antifouling Agents
8.11 Biomimetic Antimicrobial and Antifouling Solutions
8.12 Conclusions and Outlook
References
9 Cerium Oxide Based Nanozymes
9.1 History of Nanoceria Nanozymes Development
9.2 Biological Enzyme-like Activities of Nanoceria Nanozymes
9.2.1 Structural Basis of Nanoceria Enzyme-like Activities
9.2.2 Superoxide Dismutase-like and Catalase-like Activities
9.2.3 Antioxidant ROS and RNS Eliminating Ability
9.2.4 Other Enzyme-Mimetic Activities
9.3 Applications of Nanoceria Nanozyme in Disease Treatment
9.3.1 Nanoceria as Antioxidants
9.3.2 Nanoceria as Anti-inflammatory Mediators
9.3.3 Nanoceria as Potential Therapies for Ocular Diseases
9.3.4 Nanoceria as Potential Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases
9.3.5 Nanoceria as Potential Therapies for Cancers
9.3.6 Nanoceria as potential therapies for diabetes
9.4 Applications of Nanoceria Nanozyme in Biosensor
9.4.1 Sensing of biochemicals and small biomolecules
9.4.2 Sensing of Biomacromolecules
9.5 Future perspectives
References
10 Noble Metal-Based Nanozymes
10.1 Introduction of Noble-Metal Nanozymes
10.2 Monometallic Nanomaterials as Nanozymes
10.2.1 Pt Nanozymes
10.2.2 Au Nanozymes
10.2.3 Pd Nanozymes
10.2.4 Other Monometallic Nanozymes
10.3 Bimetallic Nanozymes
10.3.1 Aucore- and Ptcore-Based Bimetallic Nanostructures
10.3.2 Pt-Based Alloy Nanostructures
10.3.3 Other Bimetallic Nanostructures
10.4 Multimetallic Nanozymes
10.5 Nanocomposite Enzyme Mimics
10.5.1 Noble-Metal Nanozymes Supported on Graphene and Its Derivatives
10.5.2 Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Supported Noble-Metal NPs
10.5.3 Metal Oxide-Supported Noble-Metal NPs
10.5.4 Other Nanocomposites
10.6 Catalytic Mechanism of Noble Metal-Based Nanozymes
10.6.1 Mechanistic Studies on Peroxidase Mimics
10.6.2 Mechanistic Studies on Oxidase Mimics
10.6.3 Mechanistic Studies on Catalase Mimics
10.6.4 Mechanistic Studies on SOD Mimics
10.7 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
11 Hybrid Nanozyme: More Than One Plus One
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Hybrid Nanozymes: Surface Modifications for Performance Enhancement
11.2.1 Hybridization for Selectivity Enhancement
11.2.2 Hybridization for Activity Enhancement
11.3 Hybrid Nanozymes: Coupling Functional Building Blocks
11.3.1 Hybridization with Inorganic Functional Building Blocks
11.3.2 Hybridization with Functional Biomacromolecules
11.4 Conclusion
References
Promising Applications of Nanozymes
12 Molecular Detection Using Nanozymes
12.1 Biosensors
12.2 Enzymes in Biosensors
12.2.1 Enzyme as a Label for Signaling
12.2.2 Detecting the Substrate of Enzymes
12.2.3 Detecting Enzyme Inhibitors
12.3 Nanozymes in Biosensors
12.3.1 Typical Nanozymes Reactions Used in Biosensors
12.3.2 Nanozymes Replacing Protein Enzymes in Signal Amplification
12.3.3 Sensors Based on Regulating the Activity of Nanozymes
12.3.4 Detecting the Substrate of Nanozymes
12.3.5 Hybrid Sensing Systems
12.3.6 Enzyme Cascade Reactions
12.4 Limitations of Nanozymes
12.4.1 Surface Fouling
12.4.2 Lack of Substrate Specificity
12.4.3 Sensor Immobilization
12.4.4 Slow Reaction Rates
12.4.5 Limited Reaction Types
12.5 Summary and Future Perspectives
References
13 Nanozyme-Based Tumor Theranostics
13.1 The Enzymatic Activity of Nanozymes Potentially Used in Medicine Practice
13.2 Nanozyme-Based In Vitro Tumor Diagnosis
13.2.1 Nanozyme for Cancer-Related Genes Detection
13.2.2 Nanozyme for Tumor Marker Molecules Detection
13.2.3 Nanozyme for Tumor Cells Detection
13.2.4 Nanozyme for Tumor Tissues Detection
13.3 Nanozyme for In Vivo Tumor Imaging
13.4 Nanozyme for Tumor Therapy
13.4.1 Nanozyme Directly Used in Tumor Catalytic Therapy
13.4.2 Nanozyme for Improving Chemotherapy Efficiency
13.4.3 Nanozyme for Improving Radiotherapy Efficiency
13.4.4 Nanozyme for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Efficiency
13.4.5 Nanozyme for Improving Sonodynamic Therapy Efficiency
13.4.6 Nanozyme for Improving Combination Therapy Efficiency
13.5 Future Perspectives
13.5.1 Future Perspectives on Nanozymes in Tumor Diagnosis
13.5.2 Future Perspectives on Nanozymes in Tumor Therapy
References
14 Nanozymes for Therapeutics
14.1 Neuroprotection
14.2 Cardioprotection
14.3 Hepatoprotection
14.4 Cytoprotection
14.5 Cancer Therapy
14.6 Tissue Engineering
14.7 Anti-inflammation
14.8 Anti-aging
References
15 Nanozymes for Antimicrobes: Precision Biocide
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Nanozymes for Microorganism Detection
15.2.1 Bacteria Detection
15.2.2 Virus Detection
15.3 Nanozymes Showed Antimicrobial Activity
15.3.1 Gold Nanozymes for Antibacterial Activity
15.3.2 Vanadium Oxide Nanozymes
15.3.3 Fe3O4 Nanozymes
15.3.4 TiO2 Nanozymes
15.3.5 CeO2 Nanozymes
15.3.6 Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Nanozymes
15.3.7 Iron Sulfide Nanomaterials
15.3.8 Graphene-Based Nanozymes for Antimicrobial Therapy
15.4 Nanozyme for Wound Disinfection and Healing
15.5 Nanozymes for In Vivo Infectious Treatment
15.6 Nanozymes for Antivirus
15.7 Marine Anti-fouling
15.8 Conclusions and Perspective
References
16 Nanozymes for Environmental Monitoring and Treatment
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Environmental Pollutant Detection
16.2.1 Hydrogen Peroxide
16.2.2 Organophosphorus Pesticide and Nerve Agents
16.2.3 Metal Ions
16.2.4 Toxin and Organic Pollutants
16.3 Environmental Pollutant Treatment
16.3.1 Iron-Based Nanozymes for Pollutant Treatment
16.3.2 Non-iron-Based Nanozymes for Pollutant Treatment
16.4 Optimization of Nanozymes
16.5 Conclusions and Perspective
References
17 Beyond: Novel Applications of Nanozymes
17.1 Chemical Synthesis
17.2 Biomedical Devices
17.3 Logic Gates
References
18 Nanozymology: Perspective and Challenges
18.1 Fundamental Principles and Mechanisms [2–4]
18.2 Applications of Nanozymes in Biomedical Treatments and Other Fields [3, 4]
References
19 Correction to: Nanozymology: Perspective and Challenges
Correction to: Chapter 18 in: X. Yan (ed.), Nanozymology, Nanostructure Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1490-6_18
Index