Nano and micro engineered membrane technology

✍ Scribed by C. J. M. van Rijn

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 399
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is about Nano and micro engineered membrane technology, an emerging new technological area in membrane technology. Potential applications cover a broad spectrum of science, such as micro and nano filtration, gas separation, optics and nanophotonics, catalysis, microbiology, controlled drug delivery, nanopatterning, micro contact printing, atomisation, cross flow emulsification, etc. A brief overview of filtration membranes and pore structures is presented in chapter 1 and in the subsequent chapter 2 an overview is presented of conventional micro perforation methods, like laser drilling, electroforming, precision etching etc. With micro engineering techniques (chapter 3), originating from the semiconductor industry, it is relatively easy to downscale and form submicron pores (down to 100 nm) using photolithographic methods, with e.g. contact masks and wafer steppers. In chapter 4 some elementary fluid mechanics related to fluid flow in conducts and single and multiple orifices is presented covering analytical methods as well as computational fluid dynamics. Much effort has been put in strength and maximum pressure load analysis (chapter 5) of perforated and unperforated membranes. New analytical expressions were obtained that were verified by a number of computer simulations and many experiments. A separate chapter (chapter 6) has been devoted to the pioneering work of manufacturing polymeric perforated membranes because of its potential future economical impact. Large scale microfiltration applications on e.g. skim milk and lager beer are presented in chapter 7, whereas in chapter 8 a micro scale Lab-on-a-Chip microfiltration/fractionation demonstrator is discussed.Nanotechnology and nano engineered membranes is the fascinating topic of chapter 9, with typical examples as nanopatterning, nanophotonics and nanomembrane technology. This book closes with novel pioneering applications on atomization (chapter 10) for deep pulmonary inhale and cross flow emulsification (chapter 11) for the manufacturing of e.g. functional foods and nano/micro emulsions. 1. Overview on the implementation of nano and micro engineering techniques in membrane science; which is an upcoming new cross-road technology.2. Demonstration of feasibility with respect to micro and nano filtration, gas separation, photonic structures, catalysis, microbiology, controlled drug delivery, nanopatterning, micro contact printing, atomisation and emulsification techniques.3. Informative introductions with rules of thumb for fluid flow in micro channels, pressure strength of thin supported perforated and unperforated membranes, silicon micro machining techniques, membrane filtration technology, Rayleigh breakup and cross-flow emulsification.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover......Page 1
Nano and Micro Engineered Membrane Technology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 12
1. Introduction......Page 16
2. Membrane Processes......Page 18
3. Membrane Structures......Page 27
2. Wet etching of perforations in metal foils......Page 40
3. Electroforming of perforations......Page 43
4. Electro perforation......Page 46
5. Laser cutting and drilling of perforations......Page 47
6. Hot embossing......Page 49
1. Introduction micro engineering......Page 52
2. MEMS Silicon micro engineering......Page 53
4. Micro engineered perforated membranes......Page 54
5. Semiconductor lithography......Page 57
6. Laser interference lithography......Page 71
7. Fabrication of microsieves with silicon Wafers......Page 83
2. Fluid flow through a channel and an orifice......Page 102
3. Flow through rectangular and circular orifices......Page 117
1. Introduction......Page 126
2. Analytical pressure load expressions......Page 127
3. Experiments......Page 133
4. Perforated membranes and maximum pressure......Page 138
1. Introduction......Page 148
2. Photolithographic polyimide membranes......Page 152
3. Hot moulding techniques......Page 154
4. Phase separation micro moulding......Page 161
1. Introduction......Page 184
2. Cross flow microfiltration of large particles......Page 187
3. Cross flow microfiltration of polydisperse suspensions......Page 211
4. Microfiltration of lager beer......Page 220
5. Micro filtration and fractionation milk......Page 238
6. Microfiltration of blood-cell concentrates......Page 252
7. Microscreens for rapid microbiological detection......Page 258
1. Introduction......Page 270
2. Lab-on-a-Chip for particle fractionation......Page 272
3. Fab-on-a-Chip for de-hydrogenation process......Page 282
1. Introduction Nanotechnology......Page 292
2. Zeolites, self assembled molecular sieves......Page 296
3. Patterning of nanostructures......Page 304
4. Nanosieves for Photonic Structures......Page 315
5. Nano membrane separation......Page 321
6. Nano engineered biomembranes......Page 325
7. Nanotubes......Page 334
8. Nano printing and etching......Page 340
1. Introduction theory......Page 350
2. Atomisation with micro machined nozzles......Page 355
I. Introduction......Page 362
2. CFD and membrane emulsification......Page 368
3. Analytical cross-flow emulsification model......Page 373
Relevant Author's Publications......Page 388
Index......Page 390