Modified Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications: Electrochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties (Engineering Materials)

✍ Scribed by Onoyivwe Monday Ama (editor), Suprakas Sinha Ray (editor), Peter Ogbemudia Osifo (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 242
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book focuses on the electrochemical and nanostructural properties of new photoanode/electrolyte combinations used in the development of novel surface-modified nanomaterials for environmental applications. As water treatment is rapidly becoming a global challenge due to the increasing complexity and number of the various pollutants present, the book explores fundamental issues relating to environmental applications of nanomaterials. It addresses relevant topics ranging from electrochemical synthesis and characterization, to applications of photoanodes in corrosion prevention and biosensors for wastewater treatment. Featuring up-to-date experimental results on nanomaterials for detection of pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in wastewater, this contributed volume is useful to electrochemical researchers, materials scientists, and chemical and civil engineers interested in advanced photoelectrochemical research for environmental applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
1 Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Nanomaterials
1.2.1 Quantum Dots
1.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes
1.2.3 Graphenes and Fullerenes
1.3 Nanomaterials Synthesis
1.3.1 Electrochemical Synthesis
1.4 Parameters Influencing Electrodeposition of Nanomaterials
1.4.1 Temperature
1.4.2 Current Density
1.4.3 Nature of Substrate
1.4.4 Electrolyte pH
1.4.5 Voltage
1.5 Conclusion
References
2 Electrochemical Characterization of Nanomaterials
2.1 Nanostructured Materials
2.2 Electrochemical Techniques for Nanomaterial Characterization
2.3 Static Techniques
2.3.1 Potentiometry
2.4 Dynamic Techniques
2.4.1 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
2.4.2 Galvanostatic Techniques
2.4.3 Cyclic Voltammetry
2.4.4 Differential Pulse Voltammetry
2.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
3 Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Voltammetry Used for Heavy Metals Detection
3.2.1 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
3.2.2 Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
3.2.3 Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
3.2.4 Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)
3.3 Electroanalytical Techniques for Heavy Metals Detection
3.3.1 Stripping Voltammetry Methods (SVM)
3.4 Types of Substrate Electrodes Used for Heavy Metals Detection
3.4.1 Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)
3.4.2 Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE)
3.4.3 Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE)
3.5 Detection of Heavy Metals Using Nanomaterials
3.5.1 Carbon Nanomaterials for Heavy Metals Detection
3.5.2 Metal Nanomaterial for Detection of Heavy Metals
3.5.3 Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Heavy Metals Ions Detection
3.5.4 Polymers Modified Electrode for Heavy Metal Detection
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 Sensing the Presence of Inorganic Ions in Water: The Use of Electrochemical Sensors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Principle of an Electrochemical Sensor
4.3 Materials Used for Electrochemical Sensing of Inorganic Ions in Water
4.3.1 Metal Nanoparticles
4.3.2 Metal Compounds
4.3.3 Graphene
4.3.4 Polymers
4.3.5 Quantum Dots
4.3.6 Carbon Nanotubes
4.4 Electrochemical Determination of Inorganic Ions in Water
4.4.1 Inorganic Anions
4.4.2 Inorganic Cations
4.5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
5 Corrosion Prevention: The Use of Nanomaterials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanostructured Materials
5.3 Nanomaterials in Corrosion Mitigation
5.4 Application of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitor
5.5 Nanocomposites Corrosion Inhibitors
5.6 Nanocontainers as Corrosion Storage Inhibitors
5.7 Metal Oxidation Control at Varied Temperature Using Nanomaterials
5.7.1 Moderate-Temperature
5.7.2 High Temperature
5.8 Tribocorrosion Control Using Nanomaterials
5.9 Corrosion Protection of Aerospace Alloys Using Nanomaterials
5.10 Challenges of the Use of Nanomaterials as Corrosion Mitigation Substances
5.11 Conclusions
References
6 Application of Surface-Modified Electrode Materials in Wastewater Treatment
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Wastewater and Organic Pollutants
6.2.1 Wastewater
6.2.2 Organic Pollutants and Their Impact
6.3 Photocatalysists and Their Applications
6.3.1 Photocatalysts
6.3.2 Nanostructured Materials and Photoanodes
6.4 Photocatalysis and Advance Oxidation Measurements
6.5 Factors that Affect Degradation Processes on Wastewater Pollutants Using a Photoelectrochemical Technique
6.5.1 Light Captivation Properties
6.5.2 The Reduction and Oxidation Rates on the Surface by the Photo-generated Electrons and Holes
6.5.3 Recombination Rate of Electron Charges
6.6 Surface-Modified Photoanodes
6.7 Morphological Adjustments
6.8 Synthetic Technique on Novel Materials
6.9 Variation of Synthetic Process Parameters
6.9.1 Temperature
6.9.2 pH Range
6.10 Summary
6.10.1 Wastewater Pollutants and Their Impacts
6.10.2 Photocatalysis and Advanced Oxidation Methods
6.10.3 Factors that Affect Degradation Processes on Wastewater Pollutants Using a Photoelectrochemical Technique
6.10.4 Methods Modifying Surface Properties of Photoanodes and Their Applications
6.11 Conclusions
References
7 Photoelectrochemical Application of Nanomaterials
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Photoelectrochemical Applications of Nanomaterials
7.2.1 Applications in Biosensors
7.2.2 Applications in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
7.2.3 Applications in Photovoltaics
7.3 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
8 Electrode Materials for Pharmaceuticals Determination
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE)
8.1.2 Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode (BDDE)
8.1.3 Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)
8.1.4 Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE)
8.1.5 Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode
8.1.6 Conclusion
References
9 Biosensing Applications of Electrode Materials
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Biosensors Operational Principles
9.3 Electronic Principles of Biosensor
9.4 Biosensors Mode of Operations
9.5 Advances in Biosensors Machineries
9.5.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
9.5.2 Biosensors Used in Environmental Monitoring and Management
9.5.3 Optical/Visual Biosensors
9.5.4 Silica, Quartz/Crystal and Glass Biosensors
9.5.5 Nanomaterials-Built Biosensors
9.5.6 Genetically Programmed/Synthetic Fluorescent Biosensors
9.5.7 Microbial-Built Biosensors
9.6 Benefits and Technological Comparison of Some Biosensors
9.7 Research Trends, Future Challenges and Limitations of Biosensor Machineries
9.8 Applications of Nanostructured Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Biosensors
9.8.1 Nanostructured Conducting Polymers-Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors
9.9 Graphene and Its Applications for Biosensors and Biosensing-Based Electrode Systems
9.9.1 Graphene-Built Enzymatic Electrodes
9.9.2 Graphene-Built Electrochemical DNA Sensors
9.9.3 Graphene-Built Electrochemical Immunosensors
9.9.4 Some Commercial Advances in Graphene Biosensors and Biosensing-Based Electrode Systems
9.10 Conclusion and Future Contribution to Knowledge
References
Index