Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits

✍ Scribed by Eoin Carey, Sverre Lidholm

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 285
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits delivers a detailed overview of MMIC design, specifically focusing on designs for the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency range. The scope of the book is broad, spanning detailed discussions of high-frequency materials and technologies, high-frequency devices, and the design of high-frequency circuits. The design material is supplemented as appropriate by theoretical analyses. The broad scope of the book gives the reader a good theoretical and practical understanding of mm-wave circuit design. It is best-suited for both undergraduate students who are reading or studying high frequency circuit design and postgraduate students who are specializing in the mm-wave field.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 8
Dedication......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgments......Page 16
1.2 Motivation for mm-Waves......Page 18
1.3 Motivation for Monolithic GaAs Integrated Circuits......Page 19
1.5 Key Components......Page 20
1.6 Structure of this Work......Page 21
2.1 Introduction......Page 24
2.2 Electrical Characteristics of Ideal High-Frequency Semiconductor Material......Page 25
2.3 Electrical Characteristics of Real High Frequency Materials......Page 26
2.3.2 GaAs / Si Comparison......Page 27
2.3.3 InP......Page 32
2.3.4 Other III-V Compound Semiconductors......Page 33
2.3.5 InGaAs......Page 34
2.4 III-V Compound Semiconductor Fabrication Techniques......Page 35
2.5.1 Crystal Growth......Page 36
2.5.2 Epitaxy......Page 37
2.5.3 Ion Implantation......Page 39
2.5.5 Schottky and Ohmic Contacts......Page 41
2.6.1 Schematic Optimisation Consistent with Good mm-Wave Layout Practice......Page 43
2.6.3 Probing Considerations......Page 44
2.6.4 Dicing/Sawing Considerations......Page 46
2.7 Future Trends......Page 47
3.1 Introduction......Page 50
3.2.1 Background......Page 51
3.2.2 Schottky Diode......Page 52
3.2.3 MESFET......Page 63
3.2.4 Modern FET Variants......Page 70
3.2.5 FET Equivalent Circuit......Page 79
3.2.6 Fundamental FET Circuit Relationships......Page 81
3.2.7 GaAs Hetero-Junction Bipolar Transistor......Page 84
3.2.8 Silicon based High Frequency Devices and Circuits......Page 87
3.3 The Future…......Page 88
4.1 The Challenge......Page 90
4.2.1 Existing Solutions......Page 91
4.2.2 Monolithic Solution......Page 93
4.3 Integrated Monolithic Transceiver Considerations......Page 94
4.4 The Goal......Page 98
5.1 Introduction......Page 102
5.2.2 57 GHz LNA Design Details......Page 104
5.2.3 57 GHz LNA Characterisation......Page 105
5.2.4 Discussion......Page 107
5.3.1 Considerations at mm-Waves......Page 109
5.3.2 Device Stabilisation......Page 110
5.3.3 Packaging Considerations......Page 112
5.3.4 Noise/Match Tradeoff......Page 113
5.3.5 Output Match......Page 115
5.3.6 Inter-stage Match......Page 116
5.3.8 Four Stage 30 – 50 GHz LNA......Page 117
5.3.9 Measurements......Page 119
5.4 Discussion......Page 121
5.5 Conclusion......Page 124
6.1 Introduction......Page 126
6.2 Microwave Mixers – Some Considerations......Page 127
6.3.1 Single-Ended Diode Mixers......Page 130
6.3.2 Sub-Harmonically Pumped Diode Mixers......Page 131
6.3.3 FET Mixers......Page 132
6.4 FET Mixers – Prior Art in the Context of Theory and Practical Realisation from the Literature......Page 133
6.5 Original Mixer Study, Design and Evaluation......Page 136
6.5.1 Simulation Tool Settings Specific to Mixer Design......Page 138
6.5.2 Single-Ended FET Mixer Topologies – Intuitive Study and 57 GHz Down Converter Simulations......Page 139
6.5.3 Detailed FET Mixer Schematic Development......Page 154
6.5.4 Balanced FET Mixer Design Details......Page 166
6.5.5 Schottky Diode Mixer Design Considerations......Page 169
6.5.6 Balanced Diode Mixer Design Details......Page 172
6.5.7 MMIC Mixer Evaluations......Page 174
6.6 Discussion......Page 179
6.7 Conclusion......Page 181
6.8 Likely Future Trends......Page 182
7.1 Introduction......Page 184
7.2.1 General Background......Page 186
7.2.2 Review of Existing Published Analyses......Page 187
7.2.3 New Generalized FET Multiplier Analysis Approach......Page 189
7.3.1 Practical Single-Ended MMIC Multiplier Introduction......Page 204
7.3.2 56 GHz MMIC Frequency Tripler......Page 205
7.3.3 40 GHz Frequency Doubler......Page 213
7.3.4 Practical Single-Ended Multiplier Design Conclusions......Page 226
7.4.2 Balanced Frequency Multiplier Theory......Page 227
7.4.3 Frequency Doubler Configuration Review......Page 229
7.4.4 Frequency Tripler Configuration Review......Page 231
7.4.5 A Novel Generalised Balanced Frequency Multiplier Approach......Page 232
7.4.6 Balanced Frequency Multiplier Recommendations......Page 235
7.5.1 High Frequency High Power Generation Introduction......Page 238
7.5.2 Current State of the Art Review......Page 239
7.5.3 Potential MMIC Multiplier Schemes......Page 240
7.5.5 Non-Linear Building Block Circuit Designs......Page 241
7.5.6 Chain Responses......Page 246
7.5.7 Optimum X2X2 Chain Development......Page 252
7.5.8 High Power mm-Wave Generation Analysis Conclusions......Page 255
7.6 Multiplier Conclusions......Page 258
8.2 Transceiver Topology......Page 260
8.3 Transceiver Layout......Page 262
8.4 Expected Performance......Page 263
8.5 Measured Performance......Page 265
8.6 Conclusions......Page 267
9.2 This Work and its Place in the General Field......Page 268
9.2.1 Amplifiers......Page 269
9.2.2 Mixers......Page 270
9.3 Future Developments......Page 271
9.3.2 General MMIC Field......Page 272
References......Page 278
M......Page 284
Y......Page 285