Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers, 3rd Edition

✍ Scribed by Michael S. Mamlouk, John P. Zaniewski

• Publisher: Prentice Hall
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 601
• Edition: 3rd Edition
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers, 3/e is ideal for courses in Civil Engineering Materials, Construction Materials, and Construction Methods and Materials offered in Civil, Environmental, or Construction engineering departments. This introduction gives students a basic understanding of the material selection process and the behavior of materials — a fundamental requirement for all civil and construction engineers performing design, construction, and maintenance. The authors cover the various materials used by civil and construction engineers in one useful reference, limiting the vast amount of information available to the introductory level, concentrating on current practices, and extracting information that is relevant to the general education of civil and construction engineers. A large number of experiments, figures, sample problems, test methods, and homework problems gives students opportunity for practice and review.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 15
About the Authors......Page 19
ONE: Materials Engineering Concepts......Page 20
1.1 Economic Factors......Page 21
1.2 Mechanical Properties......Page 22
1.2.1 Loading Conditions......Page 23
1.2.3 Elastic Behavior......Page 24
1.2.4 Elastoplastic Behavior......Page 27
1.2.5 Viscoelastic Behavior......Page 31
1.2.6 Temperature and Time Effects......Page 36
1.2.8 Failure and Safety......Page 37
1.3.1 Density and Unit Weight......Page 40
1.3.2 Thermal Expansion......Page 41
1.3.3 Surface Characteristics......Page 42
1.4 Production and Construction......Page 43
1.5 Aesthetic Characteristics......Page 44
1.6 Sustainable Design......Page 45
1.7 Material Variability......Page 46
1.7.1 Sampling......Page 47
1.7.3 Control Charts......Page 48
1.8 Laboratory Measuring Devices......Page 51
1.8.2 Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)......Page 52
1.8.3 Strain Gauge......Page 56
1.8.5 Proving Ring......Page 57
1.8.6 Load Cell......Page 58
Summary......Page 59
Questions and Problems......Page 60
1.9 References......Page 70
2.1.1 Electron Configuration......Page 71
2.1.2 Bonding......Page 74
2.2 Metallic Materials......Page 77
2.2.1 Lattice Structure......Page 78
2.2.2 Lattice Defects......Page 82
2.2.3 Grain Structure......Page 83
2.2.5 Phase Diagrams......Page 86
2.3 Inorganic Solids......Page 92
2.4 Organic Solids......Page 94
2.4.1 Polymer Development, Structure, and Cross-Linking......Page 95
2.4.2 Melting and Glass Transition Temperature......Page 98
2.4.3 Mechanical Properties......Page 99
Questions and Problems......Page 100
2.5 References......Page 103
THREE: Steel......Page 104
3.1 Steel Production......Page 106
3.2 Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram......Page 108
3.3.1 Annealing......Page 112
3.3.2 Normalizing......Page 113
3.4 Steel Alloys......Page 114
3.5.1 Structural Steel Grades......Page 116
3.5.2 Sectional Shapes......Page 119
3.5.3 Specialty Steels in Structural Applications......Page 120
3.6.1 Cold-Formed Steel Grades......Page 125
3.6.2 Cold-Formed Steel Shapes......Page 126
3.7 Fastening Products......Page 128
3.8.1 Conventional Reinforcing......Page 130
3.8.2 Steel for Prestressed Concrete......Page 134
3.9.1 Tension Test......Page 135
3.9.2 Torsion Test......Page 138
3.9.3 Charpy V Notch Impact Test......Page 141
3.9.4 Bend Test......Page 143
3.9.5 Hardness Test......Page 144
3.10 Welding......Page 145
3.11 Steel Corrosion......Page 148
3.11.1 Methods for Corrosion Resistance......Page 149
Questions and Problems......Page 150
3.12 References......Page 158
FOUR: Aluminum......Page 159
4.1 Aluminum Production......Page 162
4.2 Aluminum Metallurgy......Page 164
4.2.1 Alloy Designation System......Page 166
4.2.2 Temper Treatments......Page 167
4.3 Aluminum Testing and Properties......Page 170
4.4 Welding and Fastening......Page 175
Questions and Problems......Page 176
4.6 References......Page 181
FIVE: Aggregates......Page 182
5.1 Aggregate Sources......Page 183
5.3 Evaluation of Aggregate Sources......Page 184
5.4 Aggregate Uses......Page 185
5.5 Aggregate Properties......Page 186
5.5.1 Particle Shape and Surface Texture......Page 188
5.5.2 Soundness and Durability......Page 190
5.5.3 Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance......Page 191
5.5.4 Absorption......Page 192
5.5.5 Specific Gravity......Page 194
5.5.6 Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate......Page 196
5.5.8 Gradation......Page 197
5.5.9 Cleanness and Deleterious Materials......Page 213
5.5.10 Alkali–Aggregate Reactivity......Page 214
5.5.11 Affinity for Asphalt......Page 216
5.6.1 Sampling Aggregates......Page 217
Questions and Problems......Page 219
5.7 References......Page 228
6.1 Portland Cement Production......Page 229
6.2 Chemical Composition of Portland Cement......Page 230
6.3 Fineness of Portland Cement......Page 232
6.5 Hydration of Portland Cement......Page 233
6.5.2 Evaluation of Hydration Progress......Page 235
6.7.1 Setting......Page 237
6.7.2 Soundness......Page 239
6.8 Water–Cement Ratio......Page 240
6.9.1 Standard Portland Cement Types......Page 241
6.9.2 Other Cement Types......Page 244
6.10.1 Acceptable Criteria......Page 245
6.11 Admixtures for Concrete......Page 247
6.11.1 Air Entrainers......Page 248
6.11.2 Water Reducers......Page 249
6.11.3 Retarders......Page 252
6.11.5 Accelerators......Page 253
6.11.6 Specialty Admixtures......Page 254
6.12 Supplementary Cementitious Materials......Page 255
Summary......Page 258
Questions and Problems......Page 259
6.13 References......Page 264
7.1 Proportioning of Concrete Mixes......Page 265
7.1.1 Basic Steps for Weight and Absolute Volume Methods......Page 266
7.1.2 Mixing Concrete for Small Jobs......Page 282
7.2.1 Ready-Mixed Concrete......Page 285
7.2.4 Pumped Concrete......Page 286
7.2.5 Vibration of Concrete......Page 289
7.2.7 Measuring Air Content in Fresh Concrete......Page 291
7.3 Curing Concrete......Page 293
7.3.3 Wet Coverings......Page 299
7.3.4 Impervious Papers or Plastic Sheets......Page 300
7.3.6 Forms Left in Place......Page 301
7.3.8 Insulating Blankets or Covers......Page 302
7.4.1 Early Volume Change......Page 304
7.4.3 Permeability......Page 305
7.4.4 Stress–Strain Relationship......Page 306
7.5 Testing of Hardened Concrete......Page 308
7.5.1 Compressive Strength Test......Page 309
7.5.2 Split-Tension Test......Page 311
7.5.3 Flexure Strength Test......Page 312
7.5.4 Rebound Hammer Test......Page 313
7.5.5 Penetration Resistance Test......Page 314
7.5.7 Maturity Test......Page 315
7.6.1 Self-Consolidating Concrete......Page 316
7.6.2 Flowable Fill......Page 318
7.6.3 Shotcrete......Page 320
7.6.4 Lightweight Concrete......Page 321
7.6.5 Heavyweight Concrete......Page 322
7.6.6 High-Strength Concrete......Page 323
7.6.9 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete......Page 324
7.6.10 Roller-Compacted Concrete......Page 325
7.6.11 High-Performance Concrete......Page 326
Questions and Problems......Page 327
7.7 References......Page 332
8.1 Masonry Units......Page 334
8.1.1 Concrete Masonry Units......Page 335
8.1.2 Clay Bricks......Page 340
8.3 Grout......Page 343
Questions and Problems......Page 344
8.5 References......Page 347
NINE: Asphalt Binders and Asphalt Mixtures......Page 348
9.1 Types of Asphalt Products......Page 351
9.2 Uses of Asphalt......Page 353
9.3 Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt......Page 356
9.4 Chemical Properties of Asphalt......Page 359
9.6.1 Performance Grade Characterization Approach......Page 361
9.6.2 Performance Grade Binder Characterization......Page 362
9.6.3 Traditional Asphalt Characterization Tests......Page 367
9.7.1 Asphalt Binders......Page 369
9.7.3 Asphalt Emulsions......Page 375
9.8 Asphalt Concrete......Page 376
9.9.1 Specimen Preparation in the Laboratory......Page 377
9.9.2 Density and Voids Analysis......Page 381
9.9.3 Superpave Mix Design......Page 384
9.9.5 Marshall Method of Mix Design......Page 393
9.9.6 Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility......Page 401
9.10 Characterization of Asphalt Concrete......Page 402
9.10.2 Diametral Tensile Resilient Modulus......Page 403
9.10.4 Superpave Asphalt Mixture Performance Tests......Page 405
9.11.2 Manufacturing Asphalt Concrete......Page 409
9.11.3 Field Operations......Page 410
9.12 Recycling of Asphalt Concrete......Page 413
9.12.3 RAP Production and Construction......Page 414
9.13.3 Polymer Modified Asphalt......Page 416
9.14 Warm Mix......Page 418
Summary......Page 420
Questions and Problems......Page 421
9.15 References......Page 428
TEN: Wood......Page 430
10.1.1 Growth Rings......Page 432
10.1.2 Anisotropic Nature of Wood......Page 434
10.2 Chemical Composition......Page 435
10.3 Moisture Content......Page 436
10.4 Wood Production......Page 438
10.4.1 Cutting Techniques......Page 440
10.4.2 Seasoning......Page 441
10.5 Lumber Grades......Page 442
10.5.1 Hardwood Grades......Page 443
10.5.2 Softwood Grades......Page 444
10.6 Defects in Lumber......Page 445
10.7.2 Thermal Properties......Page 448
10.8.1 Modulus of Elasticity......Page 450
10.8.3 Load Duration......Page 451
10.9 Testing to Determine Mechanical Properties......Page 452
10.9.1 Flexure Test of Structural Members (ASTM D198)......Page 453
10.9.2 Flexure Test of Small, Clear Specimen (ASTM D143)......Page 455
10.11 Organisms that Degrade Wood......Page 456
10.11.4 Bacteria......Page 457
10.12.2 Waterborne Preservatives......Page 458
10.12.4 Construction Precautions......Page 459
10.13 Engineered Wood Products......Page 460
10.13.1 Structural Panels/Sheets......Page 462
10.13.2 Structural Shapes......Page 464
10.13.3 Composite Structural Members......Page 474
Questions and Problems......Page 475
10.14 References......Page 481
ELEVEN: Composites......Page 482
11.1.1 Fiber-Reinforced Composites......Page 484
11.1.4 Fabrication......Page 486
11.1.5 Civil Engineering Applications......Page 487
11.2.1 Plain Portland Cement Concrete......Page 492
11.2.3 Asphalt Concrete......Page 493
11.3 Properties of Composites......Page 494
11.3.1 Loading Parallel to Fibers......Page 495
11.3.2 Loading Perpendicular to Fibers......Page 496
11.3.4 Particle-Reinforced Composites......Page 498
Questions and Problems......Page 499
11.4 References......Page 501
Experiments......Page 502
1. Introduction to Measuring Devices......Page 503
2. Tension Test of Steel and Aluminum......Page 506
3. Torsion Test of Steel and Aluminum......Page 509
4. Impact Test of Steel......Page 512
5. Microscopic Inspection of Materials......Page 515
6. Sieve Analysis of Aggregates......Page 516
7. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate......Page 520
8. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate......Page 522
9. Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate......Page 524
10. Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete......Page 527
11. Unit Weight and Yield of Freshly Mixed Concrete......Page 530
12. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Pressure Method......Page 532
13. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Volumetric Method......Page 534
14. Making and Curing Concrete Cylinders and Beams......Page 536
15. Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens with Sulfur or Capping Compound......Page 540
16. Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens......Page 542
17. Flexural Strength of Concrete......Page 545
18. Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete......Page 548
19. Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete......Page 550
20. Testing of Concrete Masonry Units......Page 553
21. Viscosity of Asphalt Binder by Rotational Viscometer......Page 556
22. Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test of Asphalt Binder......Page 558
23. Penetration Test of Asphalt Cement......Page 560
24. Absolute Viscosity Test of Asphalt......Page 562
25. Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor......Page 564
26. Preparation of Asphalt Concrete Specimens Using the Marshall Compactor......Page 567
27. Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures......Page 570
28. Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete......Page 572
29. Bending (Flexure) Test of Wood......Page 574
30. Tensile Properties of Plastics......Page 580
A......Page 582
C......Page 585
E......Page 588
F......Page 589
H......Page 590
L......Page 591
M......Page 592
O......Page 594
P......Page 595
S......Page 597
T......Page 599
W......Page 600
Z......Page 601

✦ Subjects

Промышленное и гражданское строительство;Строительные конструкции;Строительное материаловедение;