Mastering C++ Programming Language (Mastering Computer Science)

✍ Scribed by Divya Sachdeva and Natalya Ustukpayeva

• Publisher: CRC Pr I Llc
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 451
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

C++ was created as a superset of C, retaining C's efficiency and notational ease but adding type checking, data abstraction, operator overloading, and object-oriented programming capabilities. C++ is still a popular programming language because of its versatility. Unlike most other programming languages, C++ has been able to adapt as its demands have changed, allowing it to remain relevant, contemporary, and essential. C++, unlike other languages, is flexible and has evolved quickly to meet the demands of programmers and software. It is now one of the most excellent options for rapid applications, with alternatives such as Rust or Perl severely missing ecosystem support for many use cases.

More important, C++ is a programming language with varied uses. Knowing how to write code in C++ can help you understand how software and hardware interact. This is valuable information to have regardless of which path you take in technology. If you want to work in technology, C++ is an excellent language to learn. In this book, you will discover a brief introduction to C++, memory management, C++ functions, preprocessing and compilation, coroutines, and lazy generators.

Mastering C++ Programming Language: A Beginner's Guide sets the standard for C++ learning while solving the problems given in a typical C++ scenario. This book explores the design, portability, and efficiency of C++ applications in the real world. Mastering C++ Programming Language offers an outstanding supply of tested, usable, and documented C++ code by providing complete, functional solutions to each problem and paying close attention to efficiency and portability.

As a beginner's guide, Mastering C++ Programming Language contains several examples and substantial code to aid all programmers who wish to expand their C++ language skills. As a result, Mastering C++ Programming Languageoffers at-length reading for students and professionals interested in the most recent advances in C++. It includes models that are particularly useful for individuals studying the language on their own. Plus, it also discusses the recent updates to the C++ language by comparing different versions and the various standards that are currently in use.

Mastering C++ Programming Languageis an ideal beginner's companion for learning the fantastic programming language that is C++. If you are looking to quickly and efficiently learn C++ coding, this is the ultimate book for you!

Learn more about our other Mastering titles at:

https: //www.routledge.com/Mastering-Computer-Science/book-series/MCS

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the Editor
CHAPTER 1: Introduction to C++
WHAT IS C++?
WHICH IS MORE DIFFICULT TO LEARN: C OR C++?
C++ Compilers Are Accessible Which You Can Use to Incorporate and Run
USES OF C++ PROGRAMMING
FEATURES OF C++
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
ELEMENTS OF C++
Stage Dependent
Mid-Level Programming Language
Organized Programming Language
Rich Library
Memory Management
Incredible and Fast
Pointers
Compiler-Based Language
Syntax-Based Language
ALL YOU REQUIRE TO KNOW ABOUT OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++
What Is Object-Oriented Programming?
Object-Oriented Programming
Objects
Classes
Encapsulation
Abstraction
Polymorphism
Inheritance
C++ INSTALLATION
Create and Execute a C++ Console Application Project
Prerequisites
CHAPTER 2: Getting Started With C++
COMPILE AND EXECUTE C++ PROGRAM
SEMICOLONS AND BLOCKS
Identifiers
Keywords
COMMENTS
DATA TYPES
Primitive Built-In Types
VARIABLE TYPES
VARIABLE DECLARATION
Lvalues and Rvalues Are Two Distinct Sorts of Qualities
Local Variables
Global Level Variables
Initializing Local and Global Variables
CONSTANTS
Boolean Literals
Literals of Characters
Literals in a String
MODIFIER
Qualifiers Types
STORAGE CLASSES
OPERATORS
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Assignment Operators
Misc Operators
OPERATORS PRECEDENCE
LOOP IN C++
Control Statements for Loops
Infinite Loop
DECISION-MAKING STATEMENTS
CONDITIONAL OPERATOR?
FUNCTIONS IN C++
Declarations of Functions
Making a Function Call
Arguments for Functions
Parameters Default Values
NUMBERS IN C++
Numbers Defining
Math Operations
ARRAYS
STRINGS
Character String
String Class
POINTERS
DATE AND TIME
BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT
DATA STRUCTURES
Data Structures of Various Types
Data Structures Operations
OBJECT ORIENTED
Classes and Objects in C++
Class Definitions in C++
C++ Objects
Members Having Access to Data
Detail on Classes and Objects
Inheritance
Base and Derived Classes
Inheritance and Access Control
Types
Multiple Inheritance
OVERLOADING
Overloading Function
Overloading Operators
Polymorphism
Data Abstraction
Data Abstraction's Advantages
Encapsulation
Interfaces
HOW TO WORK WITH FILE TAKING CARE OF IN C++?
Document Handling in C++
File Handling in C++
THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD TO IMPLEMENT DATA ABSTRACTION IN C++
Abstraction in C++
Kinds of Abstraction
Benefits of Abstraction
HOW TO IMPLEMENT COPY CONSTRUCTOR IN C++?
DATA HIDING
Encapsulation
Abstraction
Data Hiding
IN C++, HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS?
Constructors and Destructors in C++
Constructor
Default Constructor
Parameterized Constructor
Copy Constructor
Destructor
Virtual Destructor
BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT IN C++
Header Files for the I/O Library
(cout) The Standard Output Stream
(cin) The Standard Input Stream
(cerr) The Standard Error Stream
(clog) The Standard Log Stream
C++ DATA STRUCTURES
Structure Defining
Using the Member to Access Structure Members
Structures as Function Arguments
CHAPTER 3: Working With Numbers and Spaces
CHANGING NUMERIC TYPES TO STRING TYPES
Changing a String to a Number
Changing a Number to a String
The First Method Is to Use String Streams
The Second Method Is Used to String Function ()
The Third Method Is Used to Boost Lexical Cast
Variable Types and Limitations Are Standard
C++ NUMERIC DATA TYPES
Types of Primitive Data
Derived Data Types
User-Defined Data Types
C++ Provides the Following Primitive Data Types
User-Defined Literals’ Objectives
Integers
Decimal
Floating Points
LITERALS SPECIFIED BY THE USER
COOKED
Literals Specified by the User
Cooked Literals
LITERALS OF RAW
STANDARD USER-DEFINED LITERALS
STRING HELPER
TEXT HELPER
Loading This Helper
Available Functions
TYPOGRAPHY ASSIST
Available Functions
URL HELPER
Loading This Helper
Available Functions
XML HELPER
Loading This Assistant
STD::STRING
String Operations Include
Functions for Input
Functions of Capacity
Iterator Methods
Functions Manipulation
LIBRARY FORMATTING
STRING SYNTAX FOR DESIGN FORMAT
Some of the Benefits Include
EXTENSIBILITY
SAFETY
LOCALE SUPPORT
POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS
PERFORMANCE
BINARY FOOTPRINT
NULL-TERMINATED STRING VIEW
FORMAT STRING SYNTAX
FORMAT SPECIFICATION MINI-LANGUAGE
FORMATTING FUNCTIONS
FORMATTING ARGUMENT
FORMATTING ARGUMENT VISITATION
CLASS TEMPLATE arg_store
CLASS TEMPLATE basic_args
FUNCTION TEMPLATE make_args
FORMATTING CONTEXT
FORMATTING BUFFER
FORMAT STRING
USER-DEFINED TYPES
ERROR REPORTING
CHAPTER 4: Exploring C++ Functions
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A DEFAULTED FUNCTION?
WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF MAKING FUNCTIONS DEFAULT?
DELETED FUNCTION
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF REMOVING FUNCTIONS EXPLICITLY?
WHAT IS LAMBDAS?
Expressions Using a Lambda
Functor or Function Object
Lambdas vs. Functors
THE FUNCTION OF A CALLBACK
PASSING LAMBDAS AS ARGUMENTS
The STL Method, Using a Template
Use the std::function
STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY ALGORITHM
ALGORITHMS FOR MANIPULATION
VARIADIC FUNCTION
EXPRESSIONS
Expressions of Many Kinds
Primary Expressions
The Following Are Some Examples of Primary Expressions
Variadic Templates and Ellipsis
Postfix Expressions
Arguments Both Formal and Informal
Unary Operators in Expressions
Binary Operators in Expressions
Expressions That Never Change
FOLD EXPRESSIONS
There Are Two Options
Unary Folds
Binary Folds
Folding Over a Comma
FRIEND KEYWORD
Function
Method
Friend Class
OVERLOADING A FUNCTION
OVERLOADING OF FUNCTION TEMPLATES
What Is Legitimate Overloading of a Function Template?
FUTURES AND PROMISES
Classes for Asynchronous Operations
C++ HIGHER ORDER FUNCTIONS
Higher-Order Functions Provide the Following Advantages
The Function Initialization Is the First Line
IMPLEMENTATION MAP
CHAPTER 5: Memory Management in C++
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
What Is the Purpose of Memory Management?
Operators for Memory Management
THE NEW OPERATOR’S BENEFITS
NEW OPERATOR IN C++
DELETE OPERATOR
IS IT PERMISSIBLE FOR A MEMBER FUNCTION TO TELL YOU TO REMOVE SOMETHING?
Allocating Memory in a Dynamic Way
Arrays’ New and Delete Operators
Objects’ New and Delete Operators
IN C++, MALLOC() VS NEW
So, What’s New?
What Exactly Is Malloc()?
Differences Between Malloc() and New()?
PROCESS MEMORY
Operating System Memory Management
What Is Main Memory?
What Is Memory Management?
Why Is Memory Management Necessary?
Space for Logical and Physical Addresses
Loading Methods: Static and Dynamic
Linking, Both Static and Dynamic
SWAPPING
CONTIGUOUS MEMORY ALLOCATION
Memory Allocation
Multiple Partition Allocation
Fixed Partition Allocation
First Fit
Best Fit
Worst Fit
FRAGMENTATION
Internal Fragmentation
External Fragmentation
PAGING
WHAT ARE OBJECTS IN MEMORY?
OBJECT IN C++
CUSTOM MEMORY MANAGEMENT
CUSTOM MEMORY ALLOCATION
SMART POINTERS AND MEMORY MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 6: Preprocessing and Compilation
THREE STEPS PROCESS
COMPILATION OF A BASIC C++ PROGRAM
PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES IN C++
Preprocessor Directives
WHAT IS ENABLE_IF?
When Should We Utilize It?
enable_if_all/enable_if_any
is_detected
WITH A VAST VARIETY OF CHOICES FOR OVERLOAD RESOLUTION
enable_if Class
TO BUILD A MEMBER FUNCTION CONDITIONALLY, USE std::enable_if
USING ENABLE_IF TO COMPILE CLASSES AND FUNCTIONS ON A CONDITIONAL BASIS
Making Preparations
How Does It Work?
How Does It Work?
ATTRIBUTES IN C++
The Purpose of Attributes in C++
SINCE C++11, THE FOLLOWING HAS CHANGED
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C++ AND C# CHARACTERISTICS
ATTRIBUTES IN METADATA
PROVIDING METADATA TO THE COMPILER WITH ATTRIBUTES
How To Do It
How Does It Work?
CHAPTER 7: Coroutines and Lazy Generators
WHAT ARE C++ COROUTINES?
co_await
Restrictions
Execution
HEAP ALLOCATION
Promise
How May a Coroutine Acquire Its Promise Object Within Counter?
co_await
co_wait expr
The Coroutine Return Object Is As Follows
co_yield
co_return Operator
WHAT ARE GENERATORS?
Generic Generators
Greedy Generator
Lazy Generator
std::generator: Ranges Synchronous Coroutine Generator
Motivation
Design
Header
Value Type Can Be Specified Separately
Recursive Generator
elements_of
SYMMETRIC TRANSFER
What Is the Best Way to Store the Delivered Value in a Promise Type?
Support for Allocators
Is It Possible to Postpone Adding Allocator Support for Later?
EXPERIENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION
PERFORMANCE AND BENCHMARKS
COMPILING CODE WITH COROUTINES
HANDLES FOR COROUTINES
COROUTINES AND C++ FOR EFFECTIVE ASYNC
MEETING THE NEEDS OF ASYNC COMPLETION
HOW TO MAKE THEM ASYNC OBJECTS
APPRAISAL
INDEX