Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Contents by Genre
Preface to Instructors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: How to Write an Effective Essay about Literature: A Crash Course
The Basic Strategy
Reading Closely: Approaching a First Draft
Checklist: Generating Ideas for a Draft
Writing and Revising: Achieving a Readable Draft
Checklist: Writing and Revising a Draft
Revising: Working with Peer Review
Preparing the Final Draft
Chapter 2: How to Engage in Critical Thinking about Literature: A Crash Course
The Basic Strategy
What Is Critical Thinking?
How Do We Engage in Critical Thinking?
Close Reading
Checklist: Close Reading
Analysis: Inquiry, Interpretation, Argument
Inquiry
Checklist: Inquiry and Question-Asking
Interpretation
Checklist: Interpretation
Argument
Checklist: Argument
Comparison and Synthesis
Checklist: Comparison and Synthesis
Revision and Self-Awareness
Standing Back: Kinds of Writing
Nonanalytical versus Analytical Writing
Chapter 3: The Writer as Reader
Reading and Responding
Kate Chopin • Ripe Figs
Reading as Re-Creation
Reading for Understanding: Collecting Evidence and Making Reasonable Inferences
Reading with Pen in Hand: Close Reading and Annotation
Reading for Response: Recording First Reactions
Reading for Inquiry: Ask Questions and Brainstorm Ideas
Reading in Context: Identifying Your Audience and Purpose
From Reading to Writing: Developing an Analytical Essay with an Argumentative Thesis
Student Analytical Essay: “Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin’s ‘Ripe Figs’”
The Analytical Essay: Argument and Structure Analyzed
The Writing Process: From First Responses to Final Essay
Other Possibilities for Writing
From Reading to Writing: Moving from Brainstorming to Analytical Essay
Bruce Holland Rogers • Three Soldiers
The Writing Process: From Response Writing to Final Essay
Student Analytical Essay: “Thinking About Three Soldiers Thinking”
The Analytical Essay: The Development of Ideas Analyzed
From Reading to Writing: Moving from Preliminary Outline to Analytical Essay
Ray Bradbury • August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains
The Writing Process: From Outlining to Final Essay
Student Analytical Essay: “The Lesson of ‘August 2026’”
Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis
Michele Serros • Senior Picture Day
Haruki Murakami • On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning
John Updike • A & P
Chapter 4: The Reader as Writer
Developing Ideas through Close Reading and Inquiry
Getting Ideas
Annotating a Text
Kate Chopin • The Story of an Hour
Brainstorming Ideas
Focused Freewriting
Listing Ideas, Details, and Quotations
Asking Questions
Keeping a Journal
Developing a Thesis through Critical Thinking
Arguing with Yourself
Arguing a Thesis
Checklist: The Thesis Sentence
From Reading to Writing to Revising: Drafting an Argument in an Analytical Essay
Student Analytical Essay: “Ironies in an Hour” (Preliminary Draft)
Revising an Argument
Outlining an Argument
Soliciting Peer Review, Thinking About Counterarguments
From Reading to Writing to Revising: Finalizing an Analytical Essay
Student Analytical Essay: “Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin’s ‘The Story of an Hour’” (Final Draft)
The Analytical Essay: The Final Draft Analyzed
From Reading to Writing to Revising: Drafting an Analytical Essay
Kate Chopin • Désirée’s Baby
Student Analytical Essay: “Race and Identity in ‘Désirée’s Baby’”
From Reading to Writing to Revising: Drafting a Comparison Essay
Kate Chopin • The Storm
Student Comparison Essay: “Two New Women”
The Comparison Essay: Organization Analyzed
Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis
Dagoberto Gilb • Love in L.A
Elizabeth Tallent • No One’s a Mystery
Junot Díaz • How to Date a Brown Girl (Black Girl, White Girl, or Halfie)
T. Coraghessan Boyle • Greasy Lake
Mary Hood • How Far She Went
Chapter 5: The Pleasures of Reading, Writing, and Thinking about Literature
The Pleasures of Literature
Allen Woodman • Wallet
The Pleasures of Analyzing the Texts That Surround Us
The Pleasures of Authoring Texts
The Pleasures of Interacting with Texts
Interacting with Fiction: Literature as Connection
Jamaica Kincaid • Girl
Personal Response Essay
Student Personal Response Essay: “The Narrator in Jamaica Kincaid’s ‘Girl’: Questioning the Power of Voice”
Interacting with Graphic Fiction: Literature as (Making and Breaking) Rules
Lynda Barry • Before You Write
Interacting with Poetry: Literature as Language
Julia Bird • 14: A Txt Msg poM
Billy Collins • Twitter Poem
Interacting with Drama: Literature as Performance
Oscar Wilde • Excerpt From: The Importance of Being Earnest
Interacting with Essays: Literature as Discovery
Anna Lisa Raya • It’s Hard Enough Being Me
Your Turn: Additional Poems, Stories, and Essay for Pleasurable Analysis
Poems
Jimmy Santiago Baca • Green Chile
Alberto Rios • Nani
William Carlos Williams • This Is Just to Say
Helen Chasin • The Word Plum
Gary Soto • Oranges
Sarah NCleghorn • The Golf Links
Stevie Smith • Not Waving but Drowning
Stories
Ambrose Bierce • An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Margaret Atwood • Happy Endings
Essay
George Saunders • Commencement Speech on Kindness
Chapter 6: Close Reading: Paraphrase, Summary, and Explication
What Is Literature?
Literature and Form
Form and Meaning
Robert Frost • The Span of Life
Close Reading: Reading in Slow Motion
Exploring a Poem and Its Meaning
Langston Hughes • Harlem
Paraphrase
Summary
Explication
Working Toward an Explication
Student Explication Essay: “Langston Hughes’s ‘Harlem’”
Explication as Argument
Checklist: Drafting an Explication
Student Argumentative Explication Essay: “Giving Stamps Personality in ‘Stamp Collecting’”
Cathy Song • Stamp Collecting
Your Turn: Additional Poems for Explication
William Shakespeare • Sonnet 73
John Donne • Holy Sonnet XIV
Emily BrontË • Spellbound
Li-Young Lee • I Ask My Mother to Sing
Randall Jarrell • The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
Chapter 7: Analysis: Inquiry, Interpretation, and Argument
Analysis
Understanding Analysis as a Process of Inquiry, Interpretation, and Argument
Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon
The Judgment of Solomon
Developing an Analysis of the Story
Opening Up Additional Ways to Analyze the Story
Analyzing a Story from the New Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
Asking Questions That Trigger an Analysis of the Story
From Inquiry to Interpretation to Argument: Developing an Analytical Paper
Ernest Hemingway • Cat in the Rain
Close Reading
Inquiry Questions
Interpretation Brainstorming
The Argument-Centered Paper
Student Argument Essay: “Hemingway’s American Wife”
From Inquiry to an Analytical Paper: A Second Example
Student Analytical Essay: “Hemingway’s Unhappy Lovers”
Breaking Down the Analytical Essay
Choosing a Topic and Developing a Thesis
Developing an Argument
Introductory Paragraphs
Middle Paragraphs
Concluding Paragraphs
Coherence in Paragraphs: Using Transitions
Checklist: Revising Paragraphs
From Inquiry to Interpretation to Argument: Organizing Ideas in an Analytical Paper
James Joyce • Araby
Finding and Organizing an Interpretation
Student Analytical Essay: “Everyday and Imagined Settings in ‘Araby’”
From Inquiry to Interpretation to Argument: Maintaining an Interpretation in an Analytical Paper
Aphra Behn • Song: Love Armed
Maintaining Interpretive Interest Notes
Student Analytical Essay: “The Double Nature of Love”
Checklist: Editing a Draft
Your Turn: Additional Short Stories and Poems for Analysis
Stories
Edgar Allan Poe • The Cask of Amontillado
Leslie Marmon Silko • The Man to Send Rain Clouds
Poems
Billy Collins • Introduction to Poetry
Robert Frost • The Road Not Taken
John Keats • Ode on a Grecian Urn
MartÍn Espada • Bully
Chapter 8: Pushing Analysis Further: Reinterpreting and Revising
Interpretation and Meaning
Is the Author’s Intention a Guide to Meaning?
What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation?
Interpreting Pat Mora’s “Immigrants”
Pat Mora • Immigrants
Checklist: Developing an Interpretation
Strategy #1: Pushing Analysis by Rethinking First Responses
Jeffrey Whitmore • Bedtime Story
Douglas LHaskins • Hide and Seek
Mark Plants • Equal Rites
Strategy #2: Pushing Analysis by Exploring Literary Form
Checklist: Using Formal Evidence in an Analytical Essay
Langston Hughes • Mother to Son
Student Analytical Essay: “Accepting the Challenge of a Difficult Climb in Langston Hughes’s ‘Mother to Son’”
Strategy # 3: Pushing Analysis by Emphasizing Concepts and Insights
Robert Frost • Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Student Analytical Essay: “Stopping by Woods—and Going On”
Analyzing the Analytical Essay’s Development of a Conceptual Interpretation
Student Analytical Essay: “‘Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’ as a Short Story”
Strategy #4: Pushing Analysis through Revision
Revising for Ideas Versus Mechanics
Revising Using Instructor Feedback, Peer Feedback, and Self-Critique
Examining a Preliminary Draft with Revision in Mind
Ha Jin • Saboteur
Student Analytical Essay: “Morals in Ha Jin’s ‘Saboteur’” (Preliminary Draft)
Developing a Revision Strategy: Thesis, Ideas, Evidence, Organization, and Correctness
Revision Checklist
Student Analytical Essay: “Individual and Social Morals in Ha Jin’s ‘Saboteur’” (Final Draft)
Your Turn: Additional Poems and Story for Interpretation
Poems
T. S. Eliot • The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Thomas Hardy • The Man He Killed
Anne Bradstreet • Before the Birth of One of Her Children
Christina Rossetti • After Death
Fred Chappell • Narcissus and Echo
Story
Joyce Carol Oates • Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Chapter 9: Comparison and Synthesis
Comparison and Critical Thinking
Organizing a Comparison Essay
Comparison and Close Reading
Comparison and Asking Questions
Comparison and Analyzing Evidence
Comparison and Arguing with Yourself
E.E. Cummings • Buffalo Bill's
Checklist: Developing a Comparison
Synthesis through Close Reading: Analyzing a Revised Short Story
Raymond Carver • Mine
Raymond Carver • Little Things
Synthesis through Building a Concept Bridge: Connecting Two Poems
Thylias Moss • Tornados
Kwame Dawes • Tornado Child
Synthesis Using Theme
Sandra Cisneros • Barbie-Q
Maryanne O’Hara • Diverging Paths and All That
Jayne Anne Phillips • Sweethearts
Synthesis Using Form
William Shakespeare • Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?
Howard Moss • Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?
Student Comparison Essay: “Condensing Shakespeare: A Comic Re-Writing of a Shakespeare Sonnet”
Checklist: Revising a Comparison
Your Turn: Additional Poems and Stories for Comparison and Synthesis
Carpe Diem (“Seize the Day”) Poems
Robert Herrick • To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Christopher Marlowe • The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Sir Walter Raleigh • The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
Andrew Marvell • To His Coy Mistress
John Donne • The Bait
Poems about Blackberries
Galway Kinnell • Blackberry Eating
Sylvia Plath • Blackberrying
Seamus Heaney • Blackberry-Picking
Yusef Komunyakaa • Blackberries
Poems about America
Walt Whitman • I Hear America Singing
Langston Hughes • I, Too [Sing America]
Stories about Reading and Writing
Julio CortÁzar • The Continuity of Parks
A. M. Homes • Things You Should Know
Stories about Grandmothers
Lan Samantha Chang • Water Names
Katherine Anne Porter • The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Chapter 10: Research: Writing with Sources
Creating a Successful Research Plan
Enter Research with a Plan of Action
What Resources Does Your Institution Offer?
What Type of Research Do You Want to Do?
Selecting a Research Topic and Generating Research Questions
Use Close Reading as Your Starting Point
Select Your Topic
Skim Resources Through Preliminary Research
Narrow Your Topic, and Form a Working Thesis
Generate Key Concepts as Keywords
Create Inquiry Questions
Locating Materials through Productive Searches
Generate Meaningful Keywords
Checklist: Creating Meaningful Keywords for a Successful Search
Using Academic Databases to Locate Materials
Search the MLA Database
Search Full-Text Academic Databases
Perform Advanced Keyword Searches
Evaluate the Results List, and Revise Your Search
Evaluate the Individual Titles
Using the Library Catalog to Locate Materials
Locate Books and Additional Resources
Student Work: The Library Catalog Search
Use a Catalog Entry to Locate More Sources
Using the Internet to Perform Meaningful Research
Locate Academic Sites on the Internet
Locate Information-Rich Sites on the Internet
Avoid Commercial Sites on the Internet
Locate Well-Known Literary Sites on the Internet
Locate Primary Sources on the Internet
Evaluating Sources for Academic Quality
Checklist: Evaluating Web Sites for Quality
Evaluating Sources for Topic “Fit”
Checklist: Evaluating Sources for Topic “Fit”
Taking Notes on Secondary Sources
A Guide to Note Taking
Drafting the Research Paper
Focus on Primary Sources
Integrate Secondary Sources
Create a Relationship Between Your Writing and the Source
Surround the Source with Your Writing
Agree with a Source in Order to Develop Your Ideas
Apply a Source in Order to Develop Your Ideas
Disagree with a Source in Order to Develop Your Ideas
Synthesize Critics’ Ideas to Show Scholarly Debate
Avoiding Plagiarism
Student Research Essay: “Dickinson’s Representation of Changing Seasons and Changing Emotions”
Chapter 11: Reading and Writing about Essays
Types of Essays
Elements of Essays
The Essayist’s Persona
Voice
Tone
Topic and Thesis
Brent Staples • Black Men and Public Space
Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays
Student Writing Portfolio Summary Paper
Writing a Summary Paper
Annotation: Reading for Information
Note Taking: Using Inquiry Notes to Summarize Information
Inquiry: Paragraph-by-Paragraph Notes
Crafting a Thesis and Creating a Concise Summary
Drafting: Crafting a Strong Thesis
Drafting: Creating a Concise Summary
Student Summary Paragraph: Summary Paragraph on Staples (Preliminary Draft)
Revision: Using a Revision Strategy
Revision Checklist
Revision: Revising to Integrate Evidence
Student Summary Paragraph: “Exploring Racial Fear: A Summary of Brent Staples’ ‘Black Men and Public Spaces’” (Final Draft)
Your Turn: Additional Essays for Analysis
Langston Hughes • Salvation
Laura Vanderkam • Hookups Starve the Soul
Steven Doloff • The Opposite Sex
Gretel Ehrlich • About Men
Chapter 12: Reading and Writing about Stories
Stories True and False
Grace Paley • Samuel
Elements of Fiction
Character
Plot
Foreshadowing
Setting and Atmosphere
Symbolism
Narrative Point of View
Style and Point of View
Theme
William Faulkner • A Rose for Emily
Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing About Stories
Student Writing Portfolio Analytical Paper
Writing an Analytical Paper
Annotation: Reading for Form and Content
Note Taking: Using Inquiry Notes to Generate Ideas
Inquiry: Double- (or Triple-) Entry Notes
Inquiry: Listing Notes
Inquiry: Journal Writing
Drafting: Creating an Argument and Explaining Your Interpretation
Student Analytical Essay: “Homer’s Murder in ‘A Rose for Emily’” (Preliminary Draft)
Revision: Using a Revision Strategy
Revision Checklist
Revision: Revising to Strengthen the Thesis
Revision: Revising to Develop Ideas
Revision: Revising to Improve Organization
Student Analytical Essay: “The Townspeople’s Responsibility for Homer’s Murder in ‘A Rose for Emily’” (Final Draft)
Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis
Katherine Mansfield • Miss Brill
Tim O’Brien • The Things They Carried
Gabriel GarcÍa MÁrquez • A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children
An Author in Depth: Flannery O’Connor
Flannery O’Connor • A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Remarks from Essays and Letters
From “The Fiction Writer and His Country”
From “Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction”
From “The Nature and Aim of Fiction”
From “Writing Short Stories”
On Interpreting “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”
“A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable”
Chapter 13: Reading and Writing about Graphic Fiction
Letters and Pictures, Words and Images
Reading an Image: A Short Story Told in One Panel
Tony Carrillo • F Minus
Elements of Graphic Fiction
Visual Elements
Narrative and Graphic Jumps
Graphic Style
Reading a Series of Images: A Story Told in Sequential Panels
Art Spiegelman • Nature VsNurture
Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Graphic Fiction
Your Turn: Additional Graphic Fiction for Analysis
Will Eisner • Hamlet on a Rooftop
R. Crumb and David Zane Mairowitz • A Hunger Artist
Chapter 14: Reading and Writing about Plays
Types of Plays
Tragedy
Comedy
Elements of Drama
Theme
Plot
Gestures
Setting
Characterization and Motivation
Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Plays
Thinking about a Film Version of a Play
Getting Ready to Write about a Filmed Play
Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play
Student Writing Portfolio Comparison Paper
Writing a Comparison Paper
Susan Glaspell • Trifles
Susan Glaspell • A Jury of Her Peers
Annotation: Marginal Notes
Comparison as a Form of Critical Thinking
Inquiry Notes: Comparison Grid
Inquiry Notes: Journal Writing
Drafting and Revision: Using Comparison to Create Interpretation and Argument
Student Analytical Essay: “Trifles, the Play, Versus ‘A Jury of Her Peers,’ the Short Story” (Preliminary Draft)
Revision: Using a Revision Strategy
Revision Checklist
Revision: Revising to Develop Ideas
Revision: Revising to Clarify Style
Writing Style Checklist
Student Analytical Essay: “The Dramatic Action of Trifles: Making the Audience into Detectives” (Final Draft)
Your Turn: Additional Plays for Analysis
A Modern Comedy
David Ives • Sure Thing
A Note on Greek Tragedy
A Greek Tragedy
Sophocles • Antigone
An Author in Depth: William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
A Note on the Elizabethan Theater
A Note on Hamlet on the Stage
A Note on the Text of Hamlet
William Shakespeare • The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Anne Barton • The Promulgation of Confusion
Stanley Wells • On the First Soliloquy
Elaine Showalter • Representing Ophelia
Bernice WKliman • The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production
Will Saretta • Branagh’s Film of Hamlet
Chapter 15: Reading and Writing about Poems
Elements of Poetry
The Speaker and the Poet
Emily Dickinson • I’m Nobody! Who Are You?
Emily Dickinson • Wild Nights—Wild Nights
The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone
William Shakespeare • Sonnet 146
Figurative Language
William Shakespeare • Sonnet 130
Imagery and Symbolism
Edmund Waller • Song
William Blake • The Sick Rose
Verbal Irony and Paradox
Structure
Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference
Meter
Patterns of Sound
Stanzaic Patterns
Billy Collins • Sonnet
Blank Verse and Free Verse
Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments About Poems
Student Writing Portfolio Explication Paper
Writing an Explication Paper
Checklist: Explication
Gwendolyn Brooks • Kitchenette Building
Annotation: Highlighting First Reactions
Explication as a Form of Critical Thinking
Annotation: Rereading and Adding Inquiry Questions
Inquiry: Mapping, Clustering, and Creating Graphic Notes
Inquiry: Journal Writing
Drafting and Revision: Explaining a Close Reading
Student Explication Essay: “Life in a ‘Kitchenette Building’” (Preliminary Draft)
Revision: Using a Revision Strategy
Revision Checklist
Revision: Revising to Strengthen the Thesis
Revision: Revising to Integrate and Explain Evidence
Student Analytical Essay: “The Contest between Dreams and Everyday Life in Brooks’s ‘Kitchenette Building’” (Final Draft)
Your Turn: Additional Poems for Analysis
Robert Browning • My Last Duchess
E. E. Cummings • Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town
Sylvia Plath • Daddy
Gwendolyn Brooks • We Real Cool
Etheridge Knight • For Malcolm, a Year After
Anne Sexton • Her Kind
James Wright • Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota
An Author in Depth: Robert Frost
Robert Frost on Poetry
Robert Frost • The Figure a Poem Makes
Robert Frost • The Pasture
Robert Frost • Mowing
Robert Frost • The Wood-Pile
Robert Frost • The Oven Bird
Robert Frost • The Need of Being Versed in Country Things
Robert Frost • The Most of It
Robert Frost • Design
Chapter 16: The World around Us
Essays
Henry David Thoreau • Where I Lived, and What I Lived For
Henry David Thoreau • The Ponds
Bill Mckibben • Now or Never
Stories
Aesop • The Ant and the Grasshopper
Aesop • The North Wind and the Sun
Jack London • To Build a Fire
Sarah Orne Jewett • A White Heron
Patricia Grace • Butterflies
Poems
Matthew Arnold • In Harmony with Nature
Thomas Hardy • Transformations
Gerard Manley Hopkins • God’s Grandeur
Walt Whitman • A Noiseless Patient Spider
Emily Dickinson • A Narrow Fellow in the Grass
Emily Dickinson • There’s a Certain Slant of Light
Emily Dickinson • The Name—of It—Is ‘Autumn’
Joy Harjo • Vision
Mary Oliver • The Black Walnut Tree
Kay Ryan • Turtle
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 17: Technology and Human Identity
Essay
Nicholas Carr • Is Google Making Us Stupid?
Stories
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr• Harrison Bergeron
Amy Sterling Casil • Perfect Stranger
Mark Twain • A Telephonic Conversation
Maria Semple • Dear Mountain Room Parents
Robin Hemley • Reply All
John Cheever • The Enormous Radio
Ray Bradbury • The Veldt
Stephen King • Word Processor of the Gods
Kit Reed • The New You
Poems
Walt Whitman • To a Locomotive in Winter
Emily Dickinson • I Like to see it Lap the Miles
Daniel Nyikos • Potato Soup
AEStallings • Sestina: Like
Marcus Wicker • Ode to Browsing the Web
Play
Luis Valdez • Los Vendidos
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 18: Love and Hate, Men and Women
Essay
Judith Ortiz Cofer • I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened
Stories
Zora Neale Hurston • Sweat
Jhumpa Lahiri • This Blessed House
Poems
Anonymous • Western Wind
William Shakespeare • Sonnet 116
John Donne • A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
Edna StVincent Millay • Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink
Robert Browning • Porphyria’s Lover
Nikki Giovanni • Love in Place
Anonymous • Higamus, Hogamus
Dorothy Parker • General Review of the Sex Situation
Frank O’Hara • Homosexuality
Marge Piercy • Barbie Doll
Play
Terrence Mcnally • Andre’s Mother
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 19: Innocence and Experience
Essay
George Orwell • Shooting an Elephant
Stories
Charlotte Perkins Gilman • The Yellow Wallpaper
John Steinbeck • The Chrysanthemums
Alice Walker • Everyday Use
Poems
William Blake • Infant Joy
William Blake • Infant Sorrow
William Blake • The Lamb
William Blake • The Tyger
Thomas Hardy • The Ruined Maid
E. E. Cummings • In Just-
Louise GlÜck • The School Children
Linda Pastan • Ethics
Theodore Roethke • My Papa’s Waltz
Sharon Olds • Rites of Passage
Natasha Trethewey • White Lies
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 20: All in a Day’s Work
Essay
Barbara Ehrenreich • Wal-Mart Orientation Program
Stories
Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm • Mother Holle
William Carlos Williams • The Use of Force
Will Eisner • The Day I Became a Professional
Daniel Orozco • Orientation
Poems
William Wordsworth • The Solitary Reaper
Carl Sandburg • Chicago
Gary Snyder • Hay for the Horses
Robert Hayden • Those Winter Sundays
Seamus Heaney • Digging
Julia Alvarez • Woman’s Work
Marge Piercy • To Be of Use
Jimmy Santiago Baca • So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs From Americans
Plays
Jane Martin • Rodeo
Arthur Miller • Death of a Salesman
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 21: American Dreams and Nightmares
Essays
Chief Seattle • My People
Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Abraham Lincoln • Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery
Studs Terkel • Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Dream
Andrew Lam • Who Will Light Incense When Mother’s Gone?
Stories
Sherman Alexie • The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven
Ralph Ellison • Battle Royal
Toni Cade Bambara • The Lesson
Amy Tan • Two Kinds
Poems
Robert Hayden • Frederick Douglass
Lorna Dee Cervantes • Refugee Ship
Edwin Arlington Robinson • Richard Cory
WHAuden • The Unknown Citizen
Emma Lazarus • The New Colossus
Thomas Bailey Aldrich • The Unguarded Gates
Joseph Bruchac Iii • Ellis Island
Aurora Levins Morales • Child of the Americas
Gloria AnzaldÚa • To Live in the Borderlands Means You
Mitsuye Yamada • To the Lady
Nila Northsun • Moving Camp Too Far
Yusef Komunyakaa • Facing It
Billy Collins • The Names
Play
Lorraine Hansberry • A Raisin in the Sun
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 22: Law and Disorder
Essay
Martin Luther King Jr• Letter From Birmingham Jail
Stories
Elizabeth Bishop • The Hanging of the Mouse
Ursula KLe Guin • The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas
Shirley Jackson • The Lottery
William Faulkner • Barn Burning
Tobias Wolff • Powder
Poems
Anonymous • Birmingham Jail
AEHousman • The Carpenter’s Son
AEHousman • Oh Who Is That Young Sinner
Dorothy Parker • Résumé
Claude Mckay • If We Must Die
Jimmy Santiago Baca • Cloudy Day
Carolyn ForchÉ • The Colonel
Haki Madhubuti • The B Network
Jill Mcdonough • Three A.M
Play
Billy Goda • No Crime
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Chapter 23: Journeys
Essay
Joan Didion • on Going Home
Stories
Nathaniel Hawthorne • Young Goodman Brown
Eudora Welty • A Worn Path
James Joyce • Eveline
Raymond Carver • Cathedral
Poems
John Keats • On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer
Percy Bysshe Shelley • Ozymandias
Alfred, Lord Tennyson • Ulysses
Countee Cullen • Incident
William Stafford • Traveling Through the Dark
Adrienne Rich • Diving into the Wreck
Derek Walcott • A Far Cry from Africa
Sherman Alexie • On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City
William Butler Yeats • Sailing to Byzantium
Christina Rossetti • Uphill
Play
Henrik Ibsen • A Doll’s House
Chapter Overview: Looking Backward/Looking Forward
Appendix A: Writing about Literature: An Overview of Critical Strategies
The Nature of Critical Writing
Criticism as Argument: Assumptions and Evidence
Some Critical Strategies
Formalist Criticism (New Criticism)
Deconstruction
Reader-Response Criticism
Archetypal Criticism (Myth Criticism)
Historical Criticism
Biographical Criticism
Marxist Criticism
New Historicist Criticism
Psychological or Psychoanalytic Criticism
Gender Criticism (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay Criticism)
Your Turn: Putting Critical Strategies to Work
Appendix B: The Basics of Manuscript Form
Basic Manuscript Form
Quotations and Quotation Marks
Quotation Marks or Italics?
A Note on the Possessive
Documentation: Internal Parenthetical Citations and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format)
Internal Parenthetical Citations
Parenthetical Citations and List of Works Cited
Forms of Citation in Works Cited
Citing Internet Sources
Checklist: Citing Sources on the Web
Credits
Index of Authors, Titles, First Lines
Index of Terms
Back Cover