Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
Introduction to Rare-Earth Free Luminescent Materials for Light Emitting Diodes
Abstract
Introduction
Introduction to Luminescence and Phosphors
Types of Luminescence by Excitation Source
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Thermoluminescence
Chemiluminescence
Piezoluminescence
Crystalloluminescence
Cathodoluminescence
Radioluminescence
Ionoluminescence
Lyoluminescence
Electroluminescence
Electrochemiluminescence
Sonoluminescence
Bioluminescence
Mechanoluminescence
Classification of Optical Processes
Reflection
Refraction
Absorption
Transmission
Scattering
Luminescence
Fundamentals of Luminescence
Excitation
Emission
Decay
Radiative Transition
Relaxation
Non-Radiative Transitions
Luminescent Centres
F-Block Elements
D-Block Elements
Requirements for Phosphors in WLEDs
Introduction to Light Emitting Diodes
Solid-State Lighting
History of LEDs
LED Based White Light Approaches
Primary Colours LED Chips (RGB)
Phosphor Converted LEDs
Yellow Phosphor with Blue LED Chip
Green and Red Phosphor with Blue LED Chip
RGB Phosphor with UV LED Chip
Generation of Phosphor Materials for LEDs
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Future Generation
Applications of LEDs
TV Backlighting
Smartphone Backlighting
Displays
Automotive
Dimming of Lights
Vehicles
Art
Devices
Communication
Other Uses of LED
Conclusion and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 2
Recent Advances in Non-Rare Earth Based Luminescent Materials for Display Devices
Abstract
Introduction
MXene
Optical Properties of MXene
Electronic Properties of MXenes
LED Device Applications of MXenes
Metal Halide Perovskite (MHP) and Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Materials
MHP
MOF
Design and Properties of MHP@MOF Hybrids
LED Applications of MHP@MOFs
Quantum Dots (QD) and Composite Materials
QD Materials
CD Materials
Multicolour CD Materials for LEDs
Single-Component Materials based on CDs and GQDs
QD and CD Based Composite Materials for LEDs
Perovskite Materials
Inorganic Perovskite Materials
Undoped Perovskite Materials
Doped Perovskite Materials
Conclusion and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 3
Use and Benefits of Ultraviolet Micro-LED as New Technologies in LED Lighting
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
PL Measurements and HRTEM Evaluation
I-V Characteristics
I-L Characteristics and EQE
Emission Spectrum
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 4
Latest Developments in LED Lighting for the Greenhouse Vegetable Crop Production
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Bibliometric Study
Crop Growing Conditions
Type of Lamp
Photoperiod
Light Intensity
Specific Spectrum Light
Growing Media
Light Spectra and Crop Responses
Agronomic Benefits
Most Influential Phytochemical Compounds
Effect of LED Top-Lighting and/or Inter-Lighting on Growth and Bioactive Compounds
Relationship of LEDs on Crop Protection
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Disclaimer
Chapter 5
Post-Harvest Influence of LED Lighting on the Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Biosynthesis of (Poly)phenolic Compounds and Carotenoids
Abstract
Introduction
Application of LEDs in Post-Haverst Treatment
Effect of LEDs on the Shelf-Life of Vegetables and Fruits
Effect of LEDs on Microbial Quality
Effect of LEDs on Nutritional Composition and the Content of Bioactive Compounds of Fresh Vegetables and Fruits
Role of (Poly)phenols in Plant Foods
(Poly)phenols: Chemical Traits and Function in Plants
(Poly)phenols Content in Plant Foods
(Poly)phenol in Health
Biosynthesis Pathways of Phenolic Compounds Affected by LEDs
Optimal Post-Harvest LEDs Treatments for (Poly)phenols Accumulation
Role of Carotenoids in Plant Foods
Carotenoids: Chemical Traits and Function in Plants
Carotenoid Content in Plant Foods
Carotenoids in Health
Biosynthesis Routes of Carotenoids Affected by LEDs
Optimal Post-Harvest LEDs Treatments for Carotenoids Accumulation
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 6
Postharvest LED Lighting as Strategy to Enhance the Biosynthesis of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates in Horticultural Products
Abstract
Introduction
Glucosinolates and Its Role in Plant Function
Elicitation of Plant Secondary Metabolism by Using LED Lighting
Biosynthesis Pathways of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates Affected by LEDs
Postharvest LED Lighting to Enhance the Biosynthesis of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 7
Is There Any Significant Impact of Coloured LED Lights on the Bioactive Compounds of Red Radish (R. sativus L. cv. βRamboβ) Sprouts?
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Plant Material and Growth Conditions
Bioactive Compound Analysis
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Disclaimer
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8
Application of LED Lighting in Cereal Production: Use and Benefits
Abstract
Introduction
LEDs in Food Production
LEDs in Cereal Production
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 9
Effects of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Fish and Shellfish: Growth, Physiology, Behavior, Reproduction, Immunity, Gene Expression, Antioxidant Activity, Histomorphology, and Water Quality
Abstract
Introduction
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Fish Growth
Body Composition
Effect of Monochromatic LED Lights on Behavior of Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Reproduction of Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Immunity of Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Transcriptomic Response and Gene Expression in Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Lights on Antioxidant Activity of Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Hematological and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Histological Structure of Fish
Skin Pigmentation
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Water Quality Parameters of Fish
Effect of Different Monochromatic LED Light on Shellfish
Conclusion and Future of Monochromatic LEDs Applications in Aquaculture
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 10
Current Clinical Trials on the Use of Light-Emitting Diode as Treatment
Abstract
Introduction
Scientific Literature Search
Fibromyalgia
Dry Eye
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinaemia
Oral Diseases
Periodontitis
Oral Disinfection
Other Dental Problems or Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
About the Editors
Index
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