Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Part I Foundations of Lifespan Human Development
Chapter 1 Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories
What Is Lifespan Human Development?
Development Is Multidimensional
Development Is Multidirectional
Development Is Plastic
Development Is Influenced by Multiple Contexts
Sociohistorical Context
Cultural Context
Developmental Science Is Multidisciplinary
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Basic Issues in Lifespan Human Development
Development Is Characterized by Continuous and Discontinuous Change
Individuals Are Active in Development
Nature and Nurture Influence Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development
Psychoanalytic Theories
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Behaviorist and Social Learning Theories
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
Piaget’s Cognitive–Developmental Theory
Information Processing Theory
Contextual Theories
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Systems Theory
Dynamic Systems Theory
Ethology and Evolutionary Developmental Theory
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Research in Human Development
The Scientific Method
Methods of Data Collection
Observational Measures
Self-Report Measures
Physiological Measures
Research Designs
Case Study
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
Developmental Research Designs
Cross-Sectional Research Design
Longitudinal Research Design
Sequential Research Designs
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Research Ethics
Principles of Research Ethics
Ethical Issues in Studying Lifespan Human Development
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Applied Developmental Science and Intersectionality
Applied Developmental Science
Intersectionality and Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations of Development
Genetic Foundations of Development
Genetics
Cell Reproduction
Sex Determination
Genes Shared by Twins
Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
Dominant–Recessive Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic Inheritance
Genomic Imprinting
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Chromosomal and Genetic Problems
Genetic Disorders
Dominant–Recessive Disorders
X-Linked Disorders
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Mutation
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Reproductive Choices: Genetic Counseling Assisted Reproductive Technology
Genetic Counseling
Assisted Reproductive Technology
Artificial Insemination
In Vitro Fertilization
Surrogacy
Assisted Reproductive Technology and Sex Selection
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Reproductive Choices: Adoption
Adoption and Child Outcomes
Transracial Adoption
International Adoption
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Prenatal Diagnosis
Methods of Prenatal Diagnosis
Prenatal Treatment of Genetic Disorders
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Heredity and Environment: Behavior Genetics
Methods of Behavior Genetics
Genetic Influences on Personal Characteristics
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Gene–Environment Interactions
Range of Reaction
Canalization
Gene–Environment Correlations
Gene–Environment (G x E) Interactions
Epigenetic Framework
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 3 The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
Prenatal Development
Conception
Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)
Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)
Fetal Period (9 Weeks to Birth)
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development
Principles of Teratology
Critical Periods
Dose
Individual Differences
Complicated Effects
Types of Teratogens
Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
Alcohol
Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Use
Marijuana
Cocaine
Opioids
Maternal Illness
Environmental Hazards
Contextual Factors and Teratogens
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Maternal and Paternal Characteristics and Prenatal Development
Maternal Characteristics
Nutrition
Emotional Well-Being
Maternal Age
Paternal Characteristics
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care
Barriers to Prenatal Care
Race, Ethnicity, and Prenatal Care
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Childbirth
Labor
Medication During Delivery
Cesarean Delivery
Natural Childbirth
Home Birth
Cultural Differences in Childbirth
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Low-Birthweight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies
Contextual Risks for LBW
Characteristics of LBW Infants
Promoting Positive Outcomes of LBW Infants
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
The Newborn
Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns
The Newborn’s Perceptual Capacities
Newborn States of Arousal
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 1: Foundations of Lifespan Human Development
Careers in Genetics and Prenatal Development
Chapter 4 Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Body Growth During Infancy and Toddlerhood
Growth Trends
Patterns of Growth
Nutrition and Growth
Breastfeeding
Complementary Food
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Threats to Infant Health
Infant Mortality
Malnutrition
Growth Faltering
Failure to Vaccinate
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Brain Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
The Neuron
Processes of Neural Development
The Cerebral Cortex
Experience and Brain Development
Sleep and Brain Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Early Learning Capacities
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Imitation
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Sensation and Perception During Infancy and Toddlerhood
Methods for Studying Infant Perception
Vision
Face Perception
Object Exploration
Color Vision
Depth Perception
Hearing
Touch
Smell and Taste
Intermodal Perception
Infant–Context Interactions and Perceptual Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Motor Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood
Gross Motor Development
Fine Motor Development
Biological and Contextual Determinants of Motor Development
Biological Influences on Motor Development
Contextual Influences on Motor Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 5 Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Sensorimotor Reasoning
Processes of Development
Sensorimotor Substages
Substage 1: Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)
Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)
Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)
Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8 to 12 Months)
Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 to 18 Months)
Substage 6: Mental Representation (18 to 24 Months)
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Evaluating Sensorimotor Reasoning
Methods for Studying Object Permanence
Violation-of-Expectation Tasks
A-Not-B Tasks
Deferred Imitation Tasks
Core Knowledge Theory
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Information Processing Theory
Information Processing System
Attention
Memory
Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Infants’ Thinking
Culture and Cognitive Development
New Contexts for Learning: Screens and Digital Media
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities
Testing Infant Intelligence
Information Processing as Intelligence
Child Care and Cognitive Development
Poverty and Cognitive Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Language Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Early Preferences for Speech Sounds
Prelinguistic Communication
Putting Words Together
First Words
Learning Words: Semantic Growth
Two-Word Utterances
Infant Gesture and Sign Language
Language Development in Bilingual Infants
Language Development in Deaf Infants
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Influences on Language Development: Interactionist Perspective
Nativism
Evolution and Brain Development
Social Learning
Infant-Directed Speech
Cultural Differences in Infant-Directed Speech
Parental Responsiveness
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 6 Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Trust Versus Mistrust
Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Emotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Infants’ Emotional Experience
Basic Emotions
Self-Conscious Emotions
Emotion Regulation
Social Interaction and Emotional Development
Sensitive Caregiving
Parent–Infant Interaction
Social Referencing
Exposure to Early Life Stress
Cultural Influences on Emotional Development
Caregiver Responsiveness
Emotional Socialization
Stranger Wariness
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Temperament in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Styles of Temperament
Context and Goodness of Fit
Cultural Differences in Temperament
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Attachment in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Bowlby’s Ethological Theory of Attachment
Infants’ Signals and Adults’ Responses
Phases of Attachment
Secure Base, Separation Anxiety, and Internal Working Models
Ainsworth’s Strange Situation
Influences on Attachment
Maternal Depression and Attachment
Father–Infant Attachment
Stability of Attachment
Cultural Variations in Attachment Classifications
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
The Self in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Self-Awareness
Self-Recognition
Emerging Self-Concept
Self-Control
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 2: Infancy and Toddlerhood
Part III Early Childhood
Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Growth and Motor Development in Early Childhood
Body Growth
Motor Development
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Brain Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Health and Threats to Health in Early Childhood
Nutrition and Eating Habits
Physical Activity
Sleep
Screen Use
Illness and Toxins
Unintentional Injuries
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Cognitive-Developmental and Sociocultural Reasoning in Early Childhood
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Perspective: Preoperational Reasoning
Characteristics of Preoperational Reasoning
Evaluating Preoperational Reasoning
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective
Guided Participation and Scaffolding
Zone of Proximal Development
Private Speech
Evaluating Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Information Processing in Early Childhood
Attention
Working Memory and Executive Function
Memory
Memory Strategies
Autobiographical Memory
Memory Suggestibility
Theory of Mind
False Belief
Context, Culture, and Theory of Mind
Metacognition
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Young Children’s Language Development
Vocabulary
Grammar
Bilingual Language Learning
Context and Language Development
Socioeconomic Status and Language Development
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Language Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Early Childhood Education
Child-Centered and Academically Centered Preschool Programs
Early Childhood Education Interventions
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
Emerging Sense of Self
Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Emotional Development in Early Childhood
Emotional Understanding
Emotion Regulation
Empathy
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Moral Development and Behavior in Early Childhood
Theories of Moral Reasoning and Behavior
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Children’s Conceptions of Moral, Social, and Personal Issues
Prosocial Behavior
Influences on Prosocial Behavior
Aggressive Behavior
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Families in Early Childhood
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting Style
Permissive Parenting Style
Uninvolved Parenting Style
Authoritative Parenting Style
Discipline
Physical Punishment
Inductive Discipline
Culture, Context, and Parenting
Child Maltreatment
Effects of Child Maltreatment
Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Gender Stereotypes, Gender Differences, and Gender Typing
Sex Differences
Gender Stereotypes and Gender Typing
Biological Influences on Gender Typing
Cognitive Influences on Gender Role Typing
Gender Identity and Gender Constancy
Gender Schema
Contextual Influences on Gender Role Typing
Parents
Peers
Media
Transgender Identity
Reducing Gender Stereotyping
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Play and Peer Relationships in Early Childhood
Play and Development
Cognitive and Emotional Development
Social Development and Early Friendships
Sociodramatic Play
Rough-and-Tumble Play
Imaginary Companions
Culture and Play
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 3: Early Childhood
Chapter 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Physical and Motor Development in Middle Childhood
Body Growth
Brain Development
Adrenarche
Motor Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Health in Middle Childhood
Physical Activity in Middle Childhood
Childhood Injuries and Mortality
Childhood Obesity
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Developmental Disabilities in Middle Childhood
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Specific Learning Disorder
Context and Disability: Race and Socioeconomic Status
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Concrete Operational Reasoning
Classification
Conservation
Culture and Concrete Operational Reasoning
Implications of Cognitive-Developmental Theory for Education
Information Processing and Cognition
Working Memory and Executive Function
Metacognition and Metamemory
Memory Strategies
Context and Cognition
Implications of Information Processing for Education
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Intelligence in Middle Childhood
Intelligence Tests
Individual and Group Differences in IQ
Contextual Influences on IQ
SES and IQ
Sociohistorical Context and IQ
IQ and the Majority Culture
Stereotypes and IQ
Alternative Views of Intelligence
Multiple Intelligences
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Language Development in Middle Childhood
Vocabulary
Grammar
Pragmatics
Bilingual Language Learning
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Learning and Schooling in Middle Childhood
Approaches to Education
Reading and Mathematics Instruction
Access to Digital Technology and Learning
Educating Children With Special Needs
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 10 Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
Body Image
Achievement Motivation
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Moral Development in Middle Childhood
Reasoning About Rules: Piaget’s Theory
Conceptions of Justice: Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
Preconventional Reasoning
Distributive Justice: Reasoning About Sharing
Conceptions of Moral, Social, and Personal Issues
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Gender Differences and Gender Typing
Boys and Girls: Similarities and Differences
Gender Stereotypes and Gender Beliefs
Gender Constancy and Gender Typing
Gender Identity
Perceived Same-Gender Typicality and Perceived Other-Gender Typicality
Gender Contentedness
Perceived Pressure to Conform to Gender Roles
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood
Friendship
Peer Acceptance, Popularity, and Rejection
Popularity
Peer Rejection
Bullying
Children Who Bully
Victims of Bullying
Contextual Approaches to Bullying Intervention
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Families in Middle Childhood
Parent–Child Relationships
Siblings
Only Children
Same-Sex Parented Families
Single-Parent Families
Cohabiting Families
Divorced and Divorcing Families
Blended Families
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Risk and Resilience in Middle Childhood
Parental Incarceration
Parental Deployment
Exposure to Community Violence
Child Sexual Abuse
Resilience in Middle Childhood
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 4: Middle Childhood
Part V Adolescence
Chapter 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Puberty
Changes in Body Shape and Size
Emergence of Secondary Sex Characteristics
Maturation of Primary Sex Characteristics
Menarche
Spermarche
Pubertal Timing and Adolescent Development
Early Maturation
Late Maturation
Context and the Effects of Pubertal Timing
Biological and Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Health in Adolescence
Nutrition
Physical Activity and Exercise
Sleep
Adolescent Mortality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Brain Development in Adolescence
Changes in Brain Volume and Structure
Changes in Brain Structure and Function
Experience and the Adolescent Brain
Stress
Substance Use
Brain Development and Behavior
Socioemotional Perception
Reward Perception
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Formal Operational Reasoning
Formal Operational Reasoning
Evaluating Formal Operational Reasoning
Information Processing
Attention
Working Memory and Executive Function
Processing Speed
Metacognition
Social Cognition
Perspective Taking
Adolescent Egocentrism
Decision-Making
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
School Context in Adolescence
Shifting Contexts
Stage–Environment Fit
Contextual Influences on Academic Achievement
Teachers
Parents
Peers
School Dropout
Adolescent Employment
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 12 Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
Psychosocial Development: The Changing Self
Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
Identity
Identity Statuses
Influences on Identity Development
Outcomes Associated with Identity Development
Ethnic–Racial Identity
Gender Intensification and Transgender Identity
Spirituality and Religiosity
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Moral and Civic Development in Adolescence
Moral Reasoning
Changes in Moral Reasoning
Influences on Moral Reasoning
Gender and Moral Reasoning
Culture and Moral Reasoning
Moral Reasoning and Behavior
Civic Development
Civic Engagement
Critical Consciousness
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Adolescents and Their Parents
Parent–Adolescent Conflict
Parenting and Adjustment
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Adolescents and Their Peers
Friendships
Cliques and Crowds
Peer Conformity
Peers, Social Media, and Cyberbullying
Dating
Developmental Shifts in Dating
Dating and Psychosocial Adjustment
Dating Violence
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Adolescent Sexuality
Sexual Activity
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents
Sexting
Contraceptive Use
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Adolescent Pregnancy
Sexuality Education
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Problems in Adolescence
Depression and Suicide
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder
Alcohol and Substance Use
Delinquency
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 5: Adolescence
Part VI Emerging and Early Adulthood
Chapter 13 Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
Physical Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
Theories of Aging: What Causes Aging?
Physical Changes
Fertility and Reproductive Capacity
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Health and Fitness During Emerging and Early Adulthood
Overweight and Obesity
Physical Activity
Substance Abuse
Alcohol
Marijuana
Tobacco
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Cognitive Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
fPostformal Reasoning
Pragmatic Thought and Cognitive-Affective Complexity
Evaluating Cognitive-Developmental Approaches to Adult Development
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Education in Emerging and Early Adulthood
Developmental Impact of Attending College
First-Generation College Students
Nontraditional College Students
Students With Developmental Disabilities
Not Attending College
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Career Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
Occupational Stages
Influences on Vocational Choice
Transition to Work
Intersectionality and the Workplace
Work–Life Balance
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 14 Socioemotional Development in Emerging and Early Adulthood
Emerging Adulthood
Characteristics of Emerging Adulthood
Demographic Instability
Subjective Sense of Feeling In-Between
Identity Exploration, Self-Focus, and Optimism
Contextual Nature of Emerging Adulthood
Emerging Adulthood and Culture
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Psychosocial Development
Identity Versus Role Confusion
Moral Identity
Religious Identity
Political Identity
Gender Identity and Sexual Identity
Ethnic–Racial Identity
Intimacy Versus Isolation
Attachment
The Social Clock
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Sexual Activity
Sexual Activity
Casual Sex
Sexual Coercion and Assault
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Relationships and Psychosocial Development
Friendship
Romantic Relationships
Mate Selection
Technology and Mate Selection
Components of Love
Intimate Partner Violence
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Romantic Partnerships and Lifestyles
Singlehood
Cohabitation
Marriage
Same-Sex Marriage
Divorce
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Parenthood
Becoming a Parent
Nonmarital Childbearing
Same-Sex Parents
Stepparents
Childlessness
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 6: Early Adulthood
Chapter 15 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
Physical Development in Middle Adulthood
Sensory Aging
Vision
Hearing
Skin
Body Composition
Reproductive Aging
Reproductive Changes in Women
Reproductive Changes in Men
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Health
Mortality
Common Illnesses
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Stress and Health
Stress
Stress Reactivity
Hardiness and Stress
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Intellectual Abilities
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
Intellectual Abilities Over the Adult Years
Cohort Effects in Intelligence
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
Attention
Memory
Processing Speed
Expertise
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Careers in Middle Adulthood
Job Satisfaction
Age Discrimination
Planning for Retirement
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 16 Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood
Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
Is Midlife Characterized by Crisis?
Generativity Versus Stagnation
Seasons of Life
Search for Meaning
Sexuality
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
The Self
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
Subjective Age
Perceived Control
Gender Identity
Life Satisfaction and Well-Being
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Personality
Personality Stability and Change
Individual Differences in Stability and Change
Influences on Personality
Personality and Adjustment
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Friendships and Romantic Relationships
Friendships
Marriage
Divorce
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Intergenerational Relationships
Parent–Child Relationships
Parents to Infants and Young Children
Parents to Adolescents
Parents to Adult Children
Grandparenthood
Grandparent–Grandchild Relationships and Adjustment
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Relationships With Aging Parents
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Lifespan Development at Work Part 7: Middle Adulthood
Chapter 17 Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
Physical Development
Appearance
The Senses
Vision
Hearing
Smell and Taste
Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Immune Systems
Motor Aging
The Aging Brain
Neural Compensation
Promoting Brain Health
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Atypical Brain Development: Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease
Vascular Dementia
Parkinson’s Disease
Lewy Body Dementia
Race, Ethnicity, and Dementia
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Health
Ages of Adulthood
Nutrition
Exercise
Chronic Illness
Arthritis
Osteoporosis
Injuries
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Falls
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Cognitive Development
Attention
Working Memory
Context, Task Demands, and Memory Performance
Emotion and Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Language
Problem-Solving and Wisdom
Influences on Cognitive Change in Adulthood
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 18 Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood
Psychosocial Development
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
Subjective Age
Reminiscence and Life Review
Ego Integrity
Personality
Sexuality
Religiosity
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Relationships
Friendships
Sibling Relationships
Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation
Marriage
Divorce and Remarriage
Cohabitation
Relationships With Adult Children and Grandchildren
Elder Maltreatment
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Social Contexts
Changing Social World
Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Neighborhoods
Aging in Place
Residential Communities
Nursing Homes
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Retirement
Deciding to Retire
Transition to Retirement and Adjustment
Influences on Retirement Adjustment
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Part 8 Lifespan Development at Work: Late Adulthood
Chapter 19 Death and Dying
Patterns of Mortality and Defining Death
Mortality and Life Expectancy
Leading Causes of Death
Thinking in Context: Intersectionality
Death and End-of-Life Issues
Defining Death
Advance Directives
Euthanasia
Physician-Assisted Suicide
Hospice
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Conceptions of Death Across the Lifespan
Cultural Rituals and Views of Death
Children’s Understanding of Death
Adolescents’ Understanding of Death
Adults’ Understanding of Death
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Dying and the Experience of Death
The Dying Process
Emotional Reactions to Dying
The Experience of One’s Death
The Dying Child
The Dying Adolescent
The Dying Adult
Thinking in Context: Applied Developmental Science
Bereavement and Grief
Grief Process
Models of Grieving
Contextual Influences on the Grief Process
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Thinking in Context: Biological Influences
Adjusting to the Death of a Loved One
Losing a Spouse
Losing a Child
Losing a Parent
Bereavement in Childhood and Adolescence
Bereavement in Childhood
Bereavement in Adolescence
Thinking in Context: Lifespan Development
Apply Your Knowledge
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Part 9: Lifespan Development at Work: Death
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
