Lifespan development

✍ Scribed by Bee, Helen L.; Boyd, Denise Roberts

• Publisher: Pearson
• Year: 2014;2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 622
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Provides the most Support for Student Learning and Success
Lifespan Development,7/e by Denise G. Boyd and Helen L. Bee thoroughly and accessibly addresses the most critical concepts of development. Through their engaging writing style, the authors have made more abstract material about developmental theories approachable to students. Readers will appreciate both the applied nature of this title and the clarity of the authors' presentation of current research. Students will emerge from your course with a thorough understanding of developmental science and will be able to apply this understanding to their own lives. MyPsychLab is an integral part of the Boyd/Bee program. Engaging activities and assessments provide a teaching and learning system that will help students master life span development. New features include the updated MyPsychLab Video Series for Lifespan Development, which contains a rich assortment of video clips including sketchnote-style tutorials as well as cross-cultural footage and segments featuring real students sharing their experiences. MyPsychLab also contains MyVirtualLife, an engaging variable-based simulation that allows students to experience lifespan development firsthand. This title is available in a variety of formats - digital and print. Pearson offers its titles on the devices students love through Pearson's MyLab products, CourseSmart, Amazon, and more.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Dedication......Page 6
Brief Contents......Page 8
List of Features......Page 9
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 23
Chapter 1: Human Development and Research Methodology......Page 24
Philosophical and Scientific Roots......Page 25
The Domains and Periods of Development......Page 27
Nature versus Nurture......Page 29
Three Kinds of Change......Page 30
Contexts of Development......Page 32
test yourself before going on......Page 33
Descriptive Methods......Page 34
No Easy Answers: It Depends . . .......Page 35
The Experimental Method......Page 37
Designs for Studying Age-Related Changes......Page 38
Research Ethics......Page 40
Key Issues in the Study of Human Development (pp. 28–32)......Page 42
Key Terms......Page 43
Chapter Test......Page 44
Chapter 2: Theories of Development......Page 46
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory......Page 47
No Easy Answers: The Repressed-Memory Controversy......Page 48
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory......Page 49
Evaluation of Psychoanalytic Theories......Page 50
test yourself before going on......Page 51
Classical Conditioning......Page 52
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning......Page 53
Bandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory......Page 54
Evaluation of Learning Theories......Page 55
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory......Page 56
Information-Processing Theory......Page 58
Evaluation of Cognitive Theories......Page 59
test yourself before going on......Page 60
Behavior Genetics......Page 61
Ethology and Sociobiology......Page 62
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory......Page 63
Assumptions about Development......Page 64
Eclecticism......Page 66
Learning Theories (pp. 51–55)......Page 67
Key Terms......Page 68
Chapter Test......Page 69
Chapter 3: Development from Conception to Birth......Page 71
The Process of Conception......Page 72
How Genes Influence Development......Page 74
Genetic Disorders......Page 77
Chromosomal Errors......Page 79
The Mother’s Experience......Page 80
Prenatal Development......Page 82
Sex Differences......Page 85
Prenatal Behavior......Page 86
How Teratogens Influence Development......Page 87
Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol......Page 89
Maternal Diseases......Page 90
Other Maternal Influences on Prenatal Development......Page 91
Fetal Assessment and Treatment......Page 93
test yourself before going on......Page 94
Birth Choices......Page 95
The Physical Process of Birth......Page 96
Assessing the Neonate......Page 98
Developmental Science in the Clinic: Singing to Preterm Infants......Page 99
No Easy Answers: When Do Preterm Infants Catch Up with Full-Term Infants?......Page 100
Pregnancy and Prenatal Development (pp. 79–86)......Page 101
Key Terms......Page 102
Chapter Test......Page 103
Chapter 4: Infancy–The Process of Skills Development......Page 105
The Brain and Nervous System......Page 106
No Easy Answers: TV for Tots: How Much is Too Much?......Page 107
Reflexes and Behavioral States......Page 108
Growth, Motor Skills, and Developing Body Systems......Page 109
Nutrition......Page 112
Health Care and Immunizations......Page 113
Infant Mortality......Page 114
Developmental Science in the Clinic: When an Infant Dies......Page 115
Group Differences in Infant Mortality......Page 116
Vision......Page 118
Hearing and Other Senses......Page 119
Looking......Page 120
Research Report: Langlois’s Studies of Babies’ Preferences for Attractive Faces......Page 122
Combining Information from Several Senses......Page 123
Explaining Perceptual Development......Page 124
Perceptual Skills (pp. 119–124)......Page 125
Chapter Test......Page 126
Chapter 5: Infancy–Learning and Cognitive Changes......Page 128
Piaget’s View of the First 2 Years......Page 129
Challenges to Piaget’s View......Page 131
Alternative Approaches......Page 133
test yourself before going on......Page 134
Schematic Learning......Page 135
Memory......Page 136
Theoretical Perspectives......Page 137
Influences on Language Development......Page 139
Developmental Science in the Classroom: The Importance of Reading to Toddlers......Page 140
Research Report: Early Gestural Language in the Children of Deaf Parents......Page 141
The First Words......Page 142
Individual Differences in Language Development......Page 143
No Easy Answers: One Language or Two?......Page 144
Measuring Intelligence in Infancy......Page 145
The Beginnings of Language (pp. 136–144)......Page 146
Chapter Test......Page 147
Chapter 6: Infancy–Social and Personality Development......Page 150
Psychoanalytic Perspectives......Page 151
Ethological Perspectives......Page 152
The Parents’ Attachment to the Infant......Page 153
The Infant’s Attachment to the Parents......Page 154
Variations in Attachment Quality......Page 155
Caregiver Characteristics and Attachment......Page 157
Cross-Cultural Research on Attachment......Page 159
test yourself before going on......Page 160
Origins and Stability of Temperament......Page 161
Self-Concept......Page 163
Effects of Nonparental Care......Page 165
Difficulties in Studying Nonparental Care......Page 166
Effects on Social Development......Page 167
Interpreting Research on Nonparental Care......Page 168
Developmental Science At Home: Choosing a Day-Care Center......Page 169
Attachment (pp. 152–159)......Page 170
Chapter Test......Page 171
Chapter 7: Early Childhood–Physical and Cognitive Changes......Page 174
Growth and Motor Development......Page 175
The Brain and Nervous System......Page 176
Health and Wellness......Page 178
Abuse and Neglect......Page 179
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage......Page 181
Research Report: Children’s Play and Cognitive Development......Page 182
Challenges to Piaget’s View......Page 183
Theories of Mind......Page 185
Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking......Page 187
Fast-Mapping......Page 189
The Grammar Explosion......Page 190
Phonological Awareness......Page 191
Measuring Intelligence......Page 192
Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence......Page 194
Group Differences in Intelligence-Test Scores......Page 196
Cognitive Changes (pp. 180–188)......Page 198
Key Terms......Page 199
Chapter Test......Page 200
Chapter 8: Early Childhood–Social and Personality Development......Page 202
Psychoanalytic Perspectives......Page 203
Social-Cognitive Perspectives......Page 204
Research Report: Racism in the Preschool Classroom......Page 205
From Temperament to Personality......Page 206
Self-Concept......Page 207
Explaining Gender Development......Page 209
Sex-Role Knowledge......Page 211
Sex-Typed Behavior......Page 212
Attachment......Page 214
Parenting Styles......Page 215
Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Parenting Styles......Page 218
Family Structure......Page 219
Divorce......Page 223
No Easy Answers: When Divorce is Unavoidable......Page 224
Peer Relationships......Page 225
Aggression......Page 226
Prosocial Behavior and Friendships......Page 228
Gender Development (pp. 208–213)......Page 230
Peer Relationships (pp. 224–229)......Page 231
Chapter Test......Page 232
Chapter 9: Middle Childhood–Physical and Cognitive Changes......Page 234
The Brain and Nervous System......Page 235
Health and Wellness......Page 237
Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage......Page 240
Direct Tests of Piaget’s View......Page 242
Advances in Information-Processing Skills......Page 243
Schooling......Page 245
Literacy......Page 246
Second-Language Learners......Page 247
Achievement and Intelligence Tests......Page 248
No Easy Answers: IQ Testing in the Schools......Page 249
Group Differences in Achievement......Page 250
Research Report: Stereotype Threat......Page 252
Learning Disabilities......Page 254
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 256
Developmental Science At Home: Homeschooling......Page 257
Schooling (pp. 244–253)......Page 259
Chapter Test......Page 260
Chapter 10: Middle Childhood–Social and Personality Development......Page 263
Psychoanalytic Perspectives......Page 264
The Trait and Social-Cognitive Perspectives......Page 265
The Psychological Self......Page 266
The Valued Self......Page 267
The Child as Psychologist......Page 269
Moral Reasoning......Page 270
Developmental Science At Home: Encouraging Moral Reasoning......Page 271
Relationships with Parents......Page 272
Friendships......Page 273
Gender Self-Segregation......Page 275
Patterns of Aggression......Page 276
Social Status......Page 277
No Easy Answers: Bullies and Victims......Page 278
Influences Beyond Family and Peers......Page 279
Poverty......Page 280
Media Influences......Page 281
Theories of Social and Personality Development (pp. 263–265)......Page 284
Key Terms......Page 285
Chapter Test......Page 286
Chapter 11: Adolescence–Physical and Cognitive Changes......Page 288
Brain Development and Physical Growth......Page 289
Milestones of Puberty......Page 291
Timing of Puberty......Page 293
test yourself before going on......Page 294
Sexual Behavior......Page 295
Adolescent Pregnancy......Page 296
Sexual Minority Youth......Page 297
Developmental Science in the Clinic: Crisis Intervention for the Pregnant Teen......Page 298
Sensation Seeking......Page 300
Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco......Page 301
Eating Disorders......Page 302
Depression and Suicide......Page 303
Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage......Page 305
Research Report: Formal Operational Thinking and Everyday Problem Solving......Page 306
Direct Tests of Piaget’s View......Page 307
Advances in Information Processing......Page 308
Transition to Secondary School......Page 309
Gender, Ethnicity, and Achievement in Science and Math......Page 312
No Easy Answers: Reaching High School Dropouts......Page 313
Adolescent Sexuality (pp. 294–299)......Page 314
Key Terms......Page 315
Chapter Test......Page 316
Chapter 12: Adolescence–Social and Personality Development......Page 318
Psychoanalytic Perspectives......Page 319
Marcia’s Theory of Identity Achievement......Page 320
Research Report: The Effects of Teenaged Employment......Page 321
Self-Understanding......Page 322
Self-Esteem......Page 323
Gender Roles......Page 324
Developmental Science in the Classroom: Role Models in Life and in the Media......Page 325
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning......Page 327
Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory......Page 331
Moral Development and Antisocial Behavior......Page 333
No Easy Answers: Interventions for Aggressive Teens......Page 334
Relationships with Parents......Page 335
Friendships......Page 336
Peer Groups......Page 337
Romantic Relationships......Page 338
Moral Development (pp. 326–334)......Page 340
Chapter Test......Page 341
Chapter 13: Early Adulthood–Physical and Cognitive Changes......Page 344
Primary and Secondary Aging......Page 345
The Brain and Nervous System......Page 346
Other Body Systems......Page 347
No Easy Answers: Assisted Reproductive Technology......Page 350
Health Habits and Personal Factors......Page 351
Developmental Science in the Clinic: Smoking Cessation......Page 353
Sexually Transmitted Diseases......Page 354
Intimate Partner Abuse......Page 356
Mental Health Problems......Page 358
Substance Use and Abuse......Page 361
Formal Operations and Beyond......Page 363
Intelligence......Page 364
test yourself before going on......Page 365
Gender, Ethnicity, and Disability and the College Experience......Page 366
Health and Wellness (pp. 350–362)......Page 368
Chapter Test......Page 369
Chapter 14: Early Adulthood–Social and Personality Development......Page 372
Erikson’s Stage of Intimacy versus Isolation......Page 373
Levinson’s Life Structures......Page 374
Emerging Adulthood......Page 375
Theories of Mate Selection......Page 376
Marriage......Page 377
No Easy Answers: Wedding Stress Management......Page 378
Research Report: Sex Differences in the Impact of Marriage......Page 379
Cohabiting Heterosexual Couples......Page 381
Gay and Lesbian Couples......Page 382
Singlehood......Page 383
Parenthood......Page 384
Social Networks......Page 387
Choosing an Occupation......Page 388
Career Development......Page 390
The Quality of Work–Life Movement......Page 391
Women’s Work Patterns......Page 392
test yourself before going on......Page 393
The Role of Worker (pp. 387–392)......Page 394
Chapter Test......Page 395
Chapter 15: Middle Adulthood–Physical and Cognitive Changes......Page 398
The Brain and Nervous System......Page 399
The Reproductive System......Page 400
No Easy Answers: The Pros and Cons of Hormone Therapy......Page 402
The Skeletal System......Page 404
test yourself before going on......Page 405
Cardiovascular Disease......Page 406
Cancer......Page 408
Gender and Health......Page 409
Socioeconomic Class, Ethnicity, and Health......Page 410
Alcoholism......Page 411
Cognitive Functioning......Page 412
Models of Physical and Cognitive Aging......Page 413
Health and Cognitive Functioning......Page 414
Changes in Memory and Cognition......Page 415
Creativity......Page 416
Developmental Science in the Workplace: Maintaining the Creative “Edge” at Midlife and Beyond......Page 417
Cognitive Functioning (pp. 411–417)......Page 418
Chapter Test......Page 419
Chapter 16: Middle Adulthood–Social and Personality Development......Page 422
Erikson’s Generativity-versus-Stagnation Stage......Page 423
Midlife Crisis: Fact or Fiction?......Page 424
Partnerships......Page 425
The Role of Caregiver......Page 426
Research Report: The Empty Nest and the Revolving Door......Page 427
No Easy Answers: Who Cares for Aging Parents?......Page 428
Grandparenting......Page 429
Friends......Page 430
test yourself before going on......Page 431
Work Satisfaction......Page 432
Unemployment and Career Transitions......Page 433
Preparing for Retirement......Page 435
Changes in Relationships and Personality (pp. 424–430)......Page 436
Chapter Test......Page 437
Chapter 17: Late Adulthood–Physical and Cognitive Changes......Page 440
Life Expectancy and Longevity......Page 441
Health......Page 442
The Brain and Nervous System......Page 446
The Senses......Page 447
Theories of Biological Aging......Page 448
Behavioral Effects of Physical Changes......Page 450
Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias......Page 452
Research Report: Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 454
Depression......Page 455
test yourself before going on......Page 457
Memory......Page 458
Wisdom and Creativity......Page 460
Cognitive Changes (pp. 457–461)......Page 462
Chapter Test......Page 463
Chapter 18: Late Adulthood–Social and Personality Development......Page 465
Erikson’s Stage of Ego Integrity versus Despair......Page 466
Other Theories of Late-Life Psychosocial Functioning......Page 467
The Successful Aging Paradigm......Page 468
Religious Coping......Page 471
Social Relationships......Page 472
Living Arrangements......Page 473
Partnerships......Page 475
No Easy Answers: Deciding on Nursing Home Care......Page 476
Developmental Science At Home: Elder Abuse......Page 477
Family Relationships and Friendships......Page 478
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Social Networks......Page 479
Timing of and Reasons for Retirement......Page 480
Effects of Retirement......Page 482
test yourself before going on......Page 485
Key Terms......Page 486
Chapter Test......Page 487
Chapter 19: Coping with Death and Bereavement......Page 489
Where Death Occurs......Page 490
test yourself before going on......Page 491
Children’s and Adolescents’ Understanding of Death......Page 492
The Meaning of Death for Adults......Page 493
Fear of Death......Page 495
Preparation for Death......Page 496
test yourself before going on......Page 497
Kübler-Ross’s Stages of Dying......Page 498
Criticisms and Alternative Views......Page 499
Responses to Impending Death......Page 500
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory......Page 502
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory......Page 503
Alternative Perspectives......Page 504
test yourself before going on......Page 505
Psychosocial Functions of Death Rituals......Page 506
The Process of Grieving......Page 507
Widowhood......Page 508
Research Report: Ethnicity and the Widowhood Effect......Page 509
The Process of Dying (pp. 497–501)......Page 511
Chapter Test......Page 512
test yourself before going on Answer Key......Page 515
Chapter Test Answer Key......Page 521
Glossary......Page 524
References......Page 532
Credits......Page 588
Name Index......Page 590
Subject Index......Page 612

✦ Subjects

Psychology;Textbooks;Reference