caemia and a more centralized fat distri-R. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 prebution present in young South Asians 2. Simmons D, Powell MJ, Williams vents insulitis in NOD mice. Diaeating college food, 7 suggests that the DRR. Prevalence of diagnosed and betes 1992; 41: 1491-1495. traditional diet itself is also unlikely to previously undiagnosed diabetes in 9. Boucher BJ, Ewen SWB, Stowers JM. contribute in a direct, substantive way to a predominantly Asian community: Betel nut (Areca catechu) consumpthe high numbers of South Asians with preliminary findings of the Coventry tion and the induction of glucose NIDDM. 7 The most likely determinants Diabetes Study. Br Med J 1989; 298: intolerance in adult CD1 mice and remain genetic and/or intra-uterine. The 18-21. their F1 and F2 offspring. 1994 latter does not necessarily confine itself 3. Simmons D, Williams DRR, Powell Diabetologia 37: 49-55. to the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. In MJ. The Coventry Diabetes Study: 10. Pindborg JJ, Barmes D, Roed-Petutero exposure to relative hyperglycaemia prevalence of diabetes and impaired ersen B, Epidemiology and histology among South Asians may indicate a glucose tolerance in Europids and of oral leukoplakia and leukoedema potential contribution through fuel Asians. Q J Med 1991; 81: 1021among Papuans and New Guineans mediated teratogenesis. Differences in the 1030. 1968 Cancer 22: 379-384. natural history of insulin-dependent (Type 4. McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot 11. Boucher BJ, Mannan N, Evans SJW. 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in British MG. Relation of central obesity and Anthropomorphic markers for risk South Asians may also be important in insulin resistance with high diabetes of Type 2 diabetes in East London highlighting the aetiological mechanisms prevalence and cardiovascular risk Asians. Clinical Science 1995; 89: behind NIDDM in South Asians. 8 in South Asians. (suppl 33) 8p: M24 abst). Further omissions relate to aspects of 5. Simmons D, Powell MJ, Williams 12. Tanaka SI, Nakajima AS, Inoue S, diabetes care for diabetic patients. A DRR. Prevalence of diabetes in dif-Takamnra Y, Aoki I, Okuda K, et al. survey in 1984 indicated that the majority ferent regional and religious Asian Genetic control by 1a subregions of clinics with over 50 South Asian groups. Diabetic Med 1992; 9: on H-2 complex of incidence of patients had introduced diet sheets and 428-431. streptozotocin induced autoimmune interpreting services. 9 Studies of diabetes 6. Simmons D, Powell MJ. Metabolic diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 1990, knowledge have indeed been undertaken, and clinical characteristics of South 39: 1298-1304. demonstrating poor knowledge of diabetes Asians and Europeans in Coventry. 13. Chempakam B. Hypoglycaemic among South Asians 10 and a lower recall Diabetic Med 1993; 10: 751-758. activity of arecoline in betel nut of diabetes education. 11 There have also 7. Potts J, Simmons D. Metabolic risk (Areca catechu). 1993 Indian J Exp been successful interventions. The first factors for non-insulin dependent Biol 31: 474-477. South Asian diabetes self help group was diabetes and ischaemic heart disease 14. Wheatley DN, Carre AB, Stowers JM, established and supported by the Coventry in United Kingdom young Asians. J Lamb J. Areca nut extract, arecoline Diabetes Study and local residents and Clin Epid 1994; 47: 837-841. and catechin. I. Toxic action on continues to run 7 years after completion 8. Simmons D. Prevalence and age of human and mouse cultures, ameliorof the survey. 12 The group was associated onset of Type 1 diabetes in adult ation by antioxidants. 1996 In Vitro with an increase in diabetes knowledge Asians in the Coventry Diabetes Toxicology 9: 101-107. and an improvement in glycaemic control. Study. Diabetic Med 1990; 7: 15. Barragry JM, France MW, Corless Leaflets including basic diabetes infor-238-242. D, et al. Intestinal absorption in the mation were dropped to all households 9. Goodwin AM, Keen H, Mather HM. elderly and in younger subjects. and this was associated with a greater Ethnic minorities in British Diabetic Clinical Science and Molecular increase in knowledge than expected from clinics: A questionnaire survey. Dia-