Several projects concerning membrane developments and applications supported by various Japanese Ministries will be explained. Interesting membranes, which have been developed in these projects are, pervaporation membranes for alcohol separation, gas separation membranes for hydrogen separation and
Lectures. Main topic: New Developments in Oleochemical Research, Technology and Application
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1994
- Weight
- 597 KB
- Volume
- 96
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0931-5985
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β¦ Synopsis
But, equally important, the culture in the company gradually evolved to becoming much more open, less defensive, a truly learning organisation.
What next
Dutch National Quality Award the management team decided to re-embark on a renewed company wide program in order to reach new platforms in Total Quality.
In the autumn of 1993, even after winning the first Main topic: New Developments in Oleochemical Research, Technology and Application J . 0 . M e t z g e r and Ursula B i e r m a n n , Oldenburg: Ene additions to unsaturated fatty compounds Thermal reactions of unsaturated fatty compounds e. g. of oleic acid and erucic acid with maleic anhydride are well known'. ' . The reaction is called "maleinization" and takes place by forming a new C,C-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,s-hydrogen shift. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction has not yet been examined.
We carried out the addition of maleic anhydride to oleic acid (180Β°C, 24 h) and obtained the ene adduct in an isolated yield of 75%. The addition takes place in positions C-9 and C-10 of the molecule chain. The regioisomers were obtained as a mixture of diastereomers as pure (E)-adducts in a ratio of 1:l. The ratio of threo-and erythro-adduct was 4:l. The assignment could be made definitely using I3C-NMR by comparison with literature data3. 0 3 1 '*ooC' 24b + 0
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