Integrating a Top-Down and a Bottom-Up Approach: Formal and Informal Risk-Handling Strategies in a Utility Company

A bottom-up and top-down approach to usi

A bottom-up and top-down approach to using context in text recognition

✍ Radian Shinghal; Godfried T. Toussaint 📂 Article 📅 1979 🏛 Elsevier Science ⚖ 570 KB

Existing approaches to using contextual information in text recognition tend to fall into two categories: dictionary look-up methods and Markov methods. Markov methods use transition probabilities between letters and represent a bottom-up approach to using context which is characterized by being ver