✦ LIBER ✦

In vivo measurement and imaging of tumor oxygenation using coembedded paramagnetic particulates

✍ Scribed by Govindasamy Ilangovan; Anna Bratasz; Haiquan Li; Petra Schmalbrock; Jay L. Zweier; Periannan Kuppusamy

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2004
Tongue: English
Weight: 857 KB
Volume: 52
Category: Article
ISSN: 0740-3194
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20188

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Tumor tissue oxygenation is an important parameter that is positively correlated to the chemo‐ or radiation treatment outcome of certain tumors. Hence, methods to accurately and noninvasively determine the concentration of oxygen (pO~2~) in tumors will be valuable. In this study, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, utilizing microcrystalline particulates of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc), was used to perform repeated measurements of pO~2~ as a function of tumor growth. We permanently embedded the particulates in the tumor by coimplanting them with RIF‐1 tumor cells during inoculation in mice. This procedure enabled repeated measurements of oxygen concentration in the tumor to be obtained for >2 weeks during its growth phase. The particulates were stable and nontoxic to the tumor cells. Both an in vitro clonogenic assay and an in vivo tumor growth rate examination in C3H mice showed no apparent effect on cell proliferation or tumor growth rate. The measurements indicated that the pO~2~ of the tumor decreased exponentially with tumor growth and reached hypoxic levels (∼4 mmHg) within 4 days after inoculation of the tumor cells. Spatial EPR imaging revealed a nonuniform distribution of the embedded particulates, which were localized mainly in the middle of the tumor volume. Oxygen mapping of the tumor, obtained by spectroscopic EPR imaging, showed significant variation of pO~2~ within the tumor. In summary, EPR spectroscopy and imaging with an embedded oximetry probe enabled accurate and repeated measurements of pO~2~ to be obtained in growing tumors under nonperturbing conditions. Magn Reson Med 52:650–657, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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