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IgA class antibodies to hepatitis delta virus antigen in acute and chronic hepatitis delta virus infections

✍ Scribed by Dr. Ian G. McFarlane; Kanchan Chaggar; Susan E. Davies; Heather M. Smith; Graeme J. M. Alexander; Roger Williams

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 1991
Tongue: English
Weight: 510 KB
Volume: 14
Category: Article
ISSN: 0270-9139
DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840140605

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Sera from 31 patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and 18 patients with acute hepatitis delta virus infection were examined for IgA class antibodies to this virus using a newly developed enzyme immunoassay. IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus was detected in 21 (67.7%) of 31 patients with chronic delta viral hepatitis, but in only 1 (5.6%) of the 18 patients with acute infection (p < 0.0005). Of the 21 patients with chronic delta hepatitis with IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus, 19 (90.5%) had moderate-to-severe activity on liver biopsy: 18 of the 21 had histological features of chronic active hepatitis and three had chronic lobular hepatitis. In all, 23 patients with chronic delta hepatitis had moderate-to-severe activity, and 19 (82.6%) had IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus. No statistically significant correlations were found between IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus and biochemical markers of liver injury (p > 0.4), or the presence of hepatitis delta virus antigen in liver biopsies (p > 0.2), in the patients with chronic delta hepatitis. The fmding that IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus was almost exclusively associated with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and correlated independently with moderate-to-severe histological activity (with a specificity of 90.5% and a sensitivity of 82.6%) suggests that this antibody might be a useful serological marker of underlying liver damage in chronic delta hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1991; 14:980-984.)

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is acquired either as a coinfedion with HBV or as a superinfection in an individual with chronic hepatitis B (1,2). Superinfected subjects may experience self-limiting hepatitis at the time of the HDV infection, followed by clearance of HDV and sometimes also of HBV, but more commonly such individuals exhibit chronic HDV infection (3). The continued presence of HDV is associated with more rapid progression to cirrhosis, and it has been suggested

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