A rotary kiln reactor was evaluated for thermal recovery of oil from Utah oil sands. A series of continuous-flow pyrolysis experiments was conducted. Process variables investigated included temperature (748-848 K), solids retention time ( 10 27 min ) and sweep gas flow rate ( 1.27-2.83 rn? h-' ). Th
Hydrotreatment of bitumen from the Whiterocks oil sand deposit
โ Scribed by D.C. Longstaff; M.D. Deo; F.V. Hanson
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1994
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 844 KB
- Volume
- 73
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0016-2361
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โฆ Synopsis
The bitumen from the Whiterocks oil sand deposit in the Uinta Basin of eastern Utah was hydrotreated in a fixed-bed reactor to determine the extent of upgrading as a function of operating variables, including pressure (11.2-16.7 MPa), temperature (642-712 K) and liquid hourly space velocity (0.18-0.86 h-'). The hydrogen/oil ratio, 890m3 mm3, was fixed in all experiments. A sulfided Ni-MO/alumina hydrodenitrogenation catalyst was used. Deactivation of the catalyst, 0.2 K day-', was monitored by the decline in the API gravity of the total liquid product with time on-stream under standard conditions. The effects of temperature, weight hourly space velocity and pressure on denitrogenation, desulfurization and residuum conversion were studied and apparent kinetic parameters were determined. The effects of process variables on residuum conversion and Conradson carbon residue reduction were also investigated.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
Centrifugation was shown to have certain advantages over solvent extraction for the separation of bitumen from oil sand for research purposes. No fractionation of the bitumen during centrifugation was detected by chemical analysis. Some limitations of the method are pointed out.
The temperature dependence of, first, the yield of bitumen extracted from oil sands and, second, of the coextracted solid particles in the bitumen was studied. Centrifugal extractions were performed in an argon (inert) atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 30ยฐC to 150ยฐC. The co-extracted solid par