Human Neural Stem Cells: From Generation to Differentiation and Application

✍ Scribed by Leonora Buzanska

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing
• Year: 2018
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 334
• Series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation 66
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book summarizes early pioneering achievements in the field of human neural stem cell (hNSC) research and combines them with the latest advances in stem cell technology, including reprogramming and gene editing. The powerful potential of hNSC to generate and repair the developing and adult CNS has been confirmed by numerous experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. The book presents methods for hNSC derivation and discusses the mechanisms underlying NSC in vitro fate decisions and their in vivo therapeutic mode of action.

The long-standing dogma that the human central nervous system (CNS) lacks the ability to regenerate was refuted at the end of the 20th century, when evidence of the presence of neurogenic zones in the adult human brain was found. These neurogenic zones are home to human neural stem cells (hNSCs), which are capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. NSCs isolated from human CNS have a number of clinical advantages, especially the innate potential to differentiate into functional neural cells. Nevertheless, their full clinical exploitation has been hindered by limited access to the tissue and low expansion potential. The search for an alternative to CNS sources of autologous, therapeutically competent hNSCs was the driving force for the many studies proving the in vitro plasticity of different somatic stem cells to generate NSCs and their functional progeny. Now the era of induced pluripotent stem cells has opened entirely new opportunities to achieve research and therapeutic goals with the aid of hNSCs.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter ....Pages i-xi
Front Matter ....Pages 1-1
Derivation of Neural Stem Cells from the Developing and Adult Human Brain (Claire M. Kelly, Maeve A. Caldwell)....Pages 3-20
Human Somatic Stem Cell Neural Differentiation Potential (David J. Eve, Paul R. Sanberg, Leonora Buzanska, Anna Sarnowska, Krystyna Domanska-Janik)....Pages 21-87
Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Models of CNS Injury (Pavla Jendelova, Eva Sykova, Slaven Erceg)....Pages 89-102
Generation of Human Neural Stem Cells by Direct Phenotypic Conversion (Daekee Kwon, Hee-Jin Ahn, Kyung-Sun Kang)....Pages 103-121
Front Matter ....Pages 123-123
Epigenetic Regulation of Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation (Mizuki Honda, Kinichi Nakashima, Sayako Katada)....Pages 125-136
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveal Common Neurodevelopmental Genome Deprograming in Schizophrenia (Sridhar T. Narla, Brandon Decker, Pinaki Sarder, Ewa K. Stachowiak, Michal K. Stachowiak)....Pages 137-162
Genome Editing in Human Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (Raul Bardini Bressan, Steven M. Pollard)....Pages 163-182
Brain Organoids: Expanding Our Understanding of Human Development and Disease (L. B. Chuye, A. Dimitri, A. Desai, C. Handelmann, Y. Bae, P. Johari et al.)....Pages 183-206
Bioengineering of the Human Neural Stem Cell Niche: A Regulatory Environment for Cell Fate and Potential Target for Neurotoxicity (Leonora Buzanska, Marzena Zychowicz, Agnieszka Kinsner-Ovaskainen)....Pages 207-230
Front Matter ....Pages 231-231
Updates on Human Neural Stem Cells: From Generation, Maintenance, and Differentiation to Applications in Spinal Cord Injury Research (Yang D. Teng, Lei Wang, Xiang Zeng, Liquan Wu, Zafer Toktas, Serdar Kabatas et al.)....Pages 233-248
Human Neural Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke Treatment (Zaal Kokaia, Vladimer Darsalia)....Pages 249-263
Modeling Complex Neurological Diseases with Stem Cells: A Study of Bipolar Disorder (Cameron D. Pernia, Neal H. Nathan, Brian T. D. Tobe, Alicia M. Winquist, Richard L. Sidman, Yoshio Goshima et al.)....Pages 265-282
Neural Stem Cell Dysfunction in Human Brain Disorders (Ewa Liszewska, Jacek Jaworski)....Pages 283-305
Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells for Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment (Daniela Ferrari, Maurizio Gelati, Daniela Celeste Profico, Angelo Luigi Vescovi)....Pages 307-329

✦ Subjects

Life Sciences; Stem Cells; Gene Function; Neurosciences; Gene Therapy; Cytogenetics