Human-Computer Interaction. HCI Intelligent Multimodal Interaction Environments: 12th International Conference, HCI International 2007, Beijing, ... III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4552)

✍ Scribed by Julie A. Jacko (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2007
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1049
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI Inter- tional 2007, was held in Beijing, P.R. China, 22-27 July 2007, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2007, the 7th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, the 2nd International Conf- ence on Virtual Reality, the 2nd International Conference on Usability and Inter- tionalization, the 2nd International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, the 3rd International Conference on Augmented Cognition, and the 1st International Conference on Digital Human Modeling. A total of 3403 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry and g- ernmental agencies from 76 countries submitted contributions, and 1681 papers, judged to be of high scientific quality, were included in the program. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlightthe human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation th- oughly cover the entire field of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing major - vances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. This volume, edited by Julie A. Jacko, contains papers in the thematic area of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing the following major topics: • Multimodality and Conversational Dialogue • Adaptive, Intelligent and Emotional User Interfaces • Gesture and Eye Gaze Recognition • Interactive TV and Media

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page
Foreword
Organization
Table of Contents
Preferences and Patterns of Paralinguistic Voice Input to Interactive Media
Introduction
Expressmas Tree
The Concept
The Implementation
Experiments and Results
First Experimental Design and Setting
Second Experimental Design and Setting
Conclusions
References
Show and Tell": Using Semantically Processable Prosodic Markers for Spatial Expressions in an HCI System for Consumer Complaints
Introduction
Outline of the CitizenShield Dialog System
Spatial Expressions and Prosodic Prominence
Integrating Prosodic Information Within an Ontological Framework of Spatial Expressions
Semantically Processable Prosodic Markers Within a Multilingual Extension of the CitizenShield System
Conclusions and Further Research
References
Exploiting Speech-Gesture Correlation in Multimodal Interaction
Introduction
Proposed Research
Current Status
Data Collection and Experimental Setup
Audio-Visual Features
Prosodic Cues Identification Using ANVIL
Preliminary Analysis and Results
Summary
References
Pictogram Retrieval Based on Collective Semantics
Introduction
Semantic Ambiguity in Pictogram Interpretation
Polysemous and Shared Pictogram Interpretation
Pictogram Retrieval
Semantic Relevance Measure
Conclusion
References
Enrich Web Applications with Voice Internet Persona Text-to-Speech for Anyone, Anywhere
Introduction
The Design Philosophy
Architecture of the VIP Platform
VIP Employment Interface
VIP Creation Interface
VIP Management Interface
Underlying Component Technologies
TTS Technologies
Unit-Selection Based TTS
HMM Based TTS
Voice-Morphing Algorithms
Sinusoidal-Model Based Morphing
Source-Filter Model Based Morphing
Phonetic Transition
Discussions
References
Using Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Networks for Predicting Word Boundaries in a Phoneme Sequence in Persian Language
Introduction
A Brief Review of Persian Language
Structure of the Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network (RFNN)
Layered Operation of the RFNN
Fuzzy Inference
Learning Algorithm for the Network
Experiments and Results
Conclusion
References
Subjective Measurement of Workload Related to a Multimodal Interaction Task: NASA-TLX vs. Workload Profile
Introduction
Methodology for Human-Computer Dialogue Study
Workload in Human-Computer Dialogue
Workload Measurement
Experiment
Analysis of Dialogic Interaction
Procedure
Results
Conclusion
References
Menu Selection Using Auditory Interface
Introduction
Auditory Interface System
Menu Selection
Auditory Keyboard Input
Conclusion
References
Analysis of User Interaction with Service Oriented Chatbot Systems
Introduction
Description of the Chatbot System
Description of the Experiment and Results
Results of the Experiments
Feedback Forms
Results Specific to the Human-Chatbot Experiment
The Avatar
Conclusion
Future Work
References
Performance Analysis of Perceptual Speech Quality and Modules Design for Management over IP Network
Introduction
Related Work
Parameters Discovering and Measuring Methodology
Functionality of Main Processing Modules and Blocks
Message Report and QoS-Factor Management
Procedures of an End-to-End Call Session Based on SIP
Realtime Quality-Fator Measurement Methodology
Noise Reduction for Applying Packet-Based IP Network
Proposed Optimal Wiener Filter
Proposed Optimal Wiener Filter
Performance Evaluation and Results
Conclusion
References
A Tangible User Interface with Multimodal Feedback
Introduction
Previous Work
SmartPuck System
System Configuration
SmartPuck
Tangible Menus
Navigation of Google Earth
Conclusion
References
Minimal Parsing Key Concept Based Question Answering System
Introduction
Question Answering Systems
Our Approach: UniqliQ
Key Concept-Key Word (KC-KW) Approach
Description
Examples
Conclusions
References
Customized Message Generation and Speech Synthesis in Response to Characteristic Behavioral Patterns of Children
Introduction
Related Work
Sentence Analysis with the Behavioral Patterns
Kindergarten Environment
Sentence Analysis with the Repeated Behavioral Patterns
Sentence Analysis with the Event
Sentence Analysis with the Time Flow
Behavioral Pattern Detection
Implementation
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Multi-word Expression Recognition Integrated with Two-Level Finite State Transducer
Introduction
Related Work and Motivation
Multi-word Expression
How to Express MWE as Regular Expression
Finite State Transducer with Bride State
Bridge State and Bridge Character
Add Temporal Bridge Function and Remove Temporal Bridge Function
MWE in Two-Level Morphological Parsing
The Movement to the Bridge State
The Role of ATB and RTB
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Towards Multimodal User Interfaces Composition Based on UsiXML and MBD Principles
Introduction
From GUI Composing to MUI Composing
Operators at the CUI Level for the GUI Composing
Adaptation of the Operators at the AUI Level for the Multimodal UserInterfaces Composing
A Case Study on a Food Ordering System on Internet
Conclusion
References
m-LoCoS UI: A Universal Visible Language for Global Mobile Communication
Introduction
Universal Visible Languages
Basics of LoCoS
Design Approaches for m-LoCoS
Universal Visible Messaging
User Profiles, and Use Scenarios
Design Implications and Design Challenges
Classifying, Selecting, and Entering Signs
Future Challenges
Conclusion: Current and Future Prototypes
References
Developing a Conversational Agent Using Ontologies
Introduction
System Primer
Natural Language Understanding Μodule
General Overview
Rule Sharing
Separation of Ontological and Semantic Representations
Understanding General Purpose Topics Through Google’sDirectory
Conversational Mover
Ontological Reuse
Conclusion
References
Conspeakuous: Contextualising Conversational Systems
Introduction
Conspeakuous Architecture
B-Conspeakuous
Learning as a Source of Context
L-Conspeakuous
Implementation
B-Conspeakuous Implementation
L-Conspeakuous Implementation
System Evaluation
Related Work
Conclusion and Future Work
Persuasive Effects of Embodied Conversational Agent Teams
Introduction
Related Work
Experiment 1
Experimental Design
Results and Discussion
Experiment 2
Experimental Design
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Exploration of Possibility of Multithreaded Conversations Using a Voice Communication System
Introduction
Maintaining Multithreaded Conversations in Text-Based Chats
Related Works
Our Proposed New Voice Communication System: ChaTEL
User Studies
Results
Possibility of Multithreaded Conversations Using Voice CommunicationSystem
Usages of Listening/Recording Operations
Analysis of How Users Listen to Messages in Multithreaded Conversations
Conclusion
References
A Toolkit for Multimodal Interface Design: An Empirical Investigation
Introduction
Previous Work
Experimental Toolkits
TVOID
OFVOID
MMID
Initial Survey
Empirical Multi-group Study
Discussion of Results
Conclusion and Future Research
References
An Input-Parsing Algorithm Supporting Integration of Deictic Gesture in Natural Language Interface
Introduction
Related Work
Chart Parser
Multimodal Chart Parser
Experiment and Analysis
Setup and Scenario
Preliminary Results and Analysis
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Multimodal Interfaces for In-Vehicle Applications
Motivation
Context of Use: Driving and In-Vehicle Interfaces
Users
Tasks and Environment
Equipment
Characteristics of Multimodal Interfaces
Designing Multimodal In-Vehicle Applications
Combining Manual and Voice Control
Natural Interaction
Conclusion
References
Character Agents in E-Learning Interface Using Multimodal Real-Time Interaction
Introduction
Education Interface Structure
Real-Time Eye Gaze Interaction
Character Agent with Real-Time Interaction
Implementation
Overall Observations
Discussions and Future Work
References
An Empirical Study on Users’ Acceptance of Speech Recognition Errors in Text-Messaging
Introduction
Related Work
Text Input on Mobile Device
Speech Recognition Technology
Error Correction Methods
Proposed Hypotheses
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Flexible Multi-modal Interaction Technologies and User Interface Specially Designed for Chinese Car Infotainment System
Introduction
Function Descriptions and Underlying Concept
Multimodal Interaction Technologies
Speech Technology
Chinese Finger Stroke Recognition
Melody Recognition
Human Machine Interface Design
User Interface Design
Speech Interaction Design
Hardware Platform
Evaluation
Summary
References
A Spoken Dialogue System Based on Keyword Spotting Technology
Introduction
Overview
Keyword Spotting Scheme
Generation of Syllable Confusion Matrix
Fuzzy Keyword Search
Calculating the Entropy Information
Experiments
Experimental Data Description
Experiment Results
Conclusions
References
Dynamic Association Rules Mining to Improve Intermediation Between User Multi-channel Interactions and Interactive e-Services
Introduction
Theoretical Works Around Channels Properties
An Analyze and Predictive Model of Channels Properties
The Cooperation Inside the Cognitive Interaction
The Social Aspect of the Channels
Starting Point of Our Theoretical Framework
Our Software Architecture
Overview
The Intermediation Middleware of Ubi-Learn
Dynamic Rules Generation
Association Rules Generation
Methodology
Conclusions and Further Works
References
Emotionally Expressive Avatars for Chatting, Learning and Therapeutic Intervention
Introduction
Why Emotions Are Important
Avatars for Chatting – The Virtual Messenger
Experimental Setup
Evaluation Framework
Results and Analysis
Discussion
Avatars for Learning and Therapeutic Intervention
Avatars as an Assistive Technology
Avatars as an Educational Technology
Addressing Theory of Mind Issues
Avatars for People with Autism – An Exploratory Study
Results and Discussion
Summary and Further Work
References
Can Virtual Humans Be More Engaging Than Real Ones?
Introduction
Rapport Agent
Evaluation
Discussion
References
Automatic Mobile Content Conversion Using Semantic Image Analysis
Introduction
ACC Ontology
Mobile Comic Image Processing
ACC Knowledge Infrastructure
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
History Based User Interest Modeling in WWW Access
Introduction
History Based User Interest Modeling in WWW Access
Method Overview
Real-Time Two-Dimensional Interest Model
Obtaining User Interest
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Development of a Generic Design Framework for Intelligent Adaptive Systems
Introduction
Methodology
Intelligent Adaptive Systems
Automation and Interface
Intelligent Adaptive Systems (IAS)
Generic Conceptual Framework for IAS
Generic Framework for the Development of IAS
Conclusion
References
Three Way Relationship of Human-Robot Interaction
Introduction
Formalization of Human-Robot Interaction
Modeling of Human-Robot Interaction with Information Theory
Uncertainties That Need to Be Resolved
Interaction Process Model
Measure of Human-Robot Interaction
Markov Chain Model of HRI Process
Weighted Entropy with State Transition
Measuring Interaction Effort and Interaction Situation Awareness (SA)
Interaction Case Study
Experiment Procedure
Evaluation of Subject’s State
The Results
Conclusions
References
MEMORIA: Personal Memento Service Using Intelligent Gadgets
Introduction
Related Works
System Design of MEMORIA
Wearable Intelligent Gadget (WIG)
Service Environment of MEMORIA
Design of MEMORIA
Result
Conclusion
References
A Location-Adaptive Human-Centered Audio Email Notification Service for Multi-user Environments
Introduction
Related Work
The Ambient Email Notification Service
Ambient Notification with Personalized Audio Cues
Indoor Positioning for Location Awareness
Design of Evaluation Study
Setup of the Study
Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Emotion-Based Textile Indexing Using Neural Networks
Introduction
Data Collection and Analysis
Proposed Method
Feature Extraction
NN Based Recognizer
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Decision Theoretic Perspective on Optimizing Intelligent Help
Introduction
Literature Review
Intelligent Agent
Decision Theoretic Perspective
Expected Time-Based Optimization Framework
Classification of User Needs
Cost of Help
Optimization of Help
Conclusion
References
Human-Aided Cleaning Algorithm for Low-Cost Robot Architecture
Introduction
Background
Human-Aided Cleaning Algorithm
Overall Architecture
Human-Robot Interaction
Experimental Results
Experiment Environment
Results
Conclusion
References
The Perception of Artificial Intelligence as “Human” by Computer Users
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Maintenance of Themes
Failure to Respond to a Specific Question
Responding to Social Cues
Formal and Colloquial Language
Greetings and Personality
Offers a Cue
Phrases Delivered at Inappropriate Times
Damage Control
References
Speaker Segmentation for Intelligent Responsive Space
Introduction
Basics of Speaker Segmentation
New Method for Speaker Segmentation
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Emotion and Sense of Telepresence: The Effects of Screen Viewpoint, Self-transcendence Style, and NPC in a 3D Game Environment
Theoretical Background
Virtual Environment
Telepresence
Methodology
Study Design
Subjects
Procedure
Results and Discussion
References
Emotional Interaction Through Physical Movement
Introduction
Related Work of Movement Application
Theoretical Background of Relation Between Emotion andMovement
The Formal Components of Movement
The Characteristic of Emotion
The Emotion-Movement Relation Framework
Application Prototype: Emotion Palpus
Concept of Emotion Palpus
Components and Implement
Evaluation of the Framework with Emotion Palpus
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Discussion
Application Scenario of Emotion Palpus
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Towards Affective Sensing
Introduction
A Framework for Research in Affective Communication
Factors in the Proposed Framework
Examples
A Set of Ontologies
Ontology 1 - Affective Communication Concepts
Ontology 2 - Affective Communication Research
Ontology 3 - Affective Communication Resources
An Application Ontology for Affective Sensing
Automatic Recognition of Facial Expressions
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Affective User Modeling for Adaptive Intelligent User Interfaces
Introduction and Motivation
Related User Modeling Research
Bayesian Belief Networks
User Modeling with Bayesian Belief Networks
Results
Discussion
References
A Multidimensional Classification Model for the Interaction in Reactive Media Rooms
Classification of Interaction Paradigms for Ambient Intelligence
Who Takes the “Initiative”? The System or the User?
Goal, Functions and the Corresponding “Strategy Development”
“Device Selection”: How Does the User Perceive his Environment? as Several Inter-connected Devices or as a Dynamic Device Ensemble?
Interaction Modalities and the Subject-Matter of Interaction
An Example for the Present Classification Model
Conclusion
References
An Adaptive Web Browsing Method for Various Terminals: A Semantic Over-Viewing Method
Introduction
Problems of Terminal-Adaptive UI
Problems from the User's Point of View
Problems from the Content Provider's Point of View
Novel Terminal-Adaptive UI
Semantic Over-Viewing Method
Design of Semantic Overview
Implement
System Architecture
Evaluation and Discussion
Evaluation of Efficiency
Evaluation of Satisfaction
Evaluation of Effectiveness
Conclusion
References
Evaluation of P2P Information Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering
Introduction
P2P Information Recommendation Model Based on Collaborative Filtering
Network Model
Data Model
Agent Model
User Model
Evaluation of Recommendation Ability by Simulation
Conclusion
References
Understanding the Social Relationship Between Humans and Virtual Humans
Introduction
Social Interaction with Virtual Humans
Service Relationship (Buyer-Seller Relationship)
Advisor-Advisee Relationship
Conclusion
References
EREC-II in Use – Studies on Usability and Suitability of a Sensor System for Affect Detection and Human Performance Monitoring
Introduction
System Overview of the EREC-II Sensor System
EREC-II Sensor Unit
EREC-II Base Unit
Test Implementations and Evaluation Studies
EREC-IIa
EREC-IIb
Summary and Outlook
References
Development of an Adaptive Multi-agent Based Content Collection System for Digital Libraries
Introduction
Self-proclamative Multi-agents Based Automatic Content Collection Building Systems
Domain-Specific Agents
Phrase-Extraction Component
Concept Dictionary
User-Interface Agent
Blackboard
Moderator/Dispatcher
User Modeling and User Interface Agent Design
User Classifications
A Method for User Personal Profile Building
ACM CR Classifications and Automated Concept Matrix Formulation
Paper Preparation Method for Concept-Pattern Relativity
Simulation Experiments and Results
Conclusion
References
Using Content-Based Multimedia Data Retrieval for Multimedia Content Adaptation
Introduction
Media Type in Retrieval Context
Content-Based Retrieval and Management Techniques in Multimedia Applications
Multimedia Content Adaptation
Solutions for Multimedia Content Adaptation
Practical Options for Multimedia Content Adaptation
Techniques for Multimedia Content Adaptation
Design a Multimedia Content Adaptation System Using Data Retrieval
Conclusion
References
Coping with Complexity Through Adaptive Interface Design
Introduction
Adaptive or Adaptable Interface Design
Adaptation Drivers
Concluding Remarks
References
Region-Based Model of Tour Planning Applied to Interactive Tour Generation
Introduction
Tour Planning Problem
Region-Based Representation Structure
Region-Based Model of Tour Planning
Tour Planning Study
Regionalization
Region-Based Direction Strategy
Region-Based Direction Heuristic
Interactive Tour Planning
Conclusion
References
A Learning Interface Agent for User Behavior Prediction
Introduction
Our Approach
Theoretical Model
LIA Agent Behavior
LIA Agent Architecture
Experimental Evaluation
Evaluation Measure
Case Study
Results
Related Work
Conclusions and Further Work
References
Sharing Video Browsing Style by Associating Browsing Behavior with Low-Level Features of Videos
Introduction
Approach
The User Experience Reproducer
System Overview
The Association Extractor
The Behavior Applier
User Study
Discussion
Results of the User Study
Conclusion
References
Adaptation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Development of Tutoring and Domain Models
Introduction
Tutoring Model
Robert Gagné Cognitivist Theory
Tutor Roles
Domain Model
Contents Editor (EDC)
Conclusions
References
Confidence Measure Based Incremental Adaptation for Online Language Identification
Introduction
Bayesian Fusion of Confidence Measures
Best_Lan Confidence Measure（CM_BS ）
Avg_Lan Confidence Measure（ CM_AVG$_$ N ）
Post_Lan Confidence Measure（ CM_POST ）
Bayesian Fusion of Confidence Measures（ CM_fusion ）
Two-Pass Language Model Adaptation
Semi-supervised Language Model Adaptation
Confidence Measure Based Online Unsupervised Language Model Adaptation
Experimental Results
Speech Corpus
Comparison of Confidence Measures
Language Model Adaptation
Conclusions
References
Study on Speech Emotion Recognition System in E-Learning
Introduction
Speech Emotion Recognition System in E-Learning
Data Acquisition
Preprocessing
Spectral Analysis and Feature Extraction
Feature Selection
Sequential Forward Selection
General Regression Neural Network
Experimental Results Using SFS and GRNN
Consistency-Based Feature Selection
Experimental Results Using Consistency-Based Selection
Experiment and Conclusion
Recognizing Emotions
Recognition Results
Discussion and Conclusion
References
How Do Adults Solve Digital Tangram Problems? Analyzing Cognitive Strategies Through Eye Tracking Approach
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Differences Between Level 1 and Level 2
Differences Between Problem and Geometric Objects Screens
Behavior Patterns for Level 1
Behavior Patterns for the Level 2
Conclusion and Discussion
Limitations and Future Studies
References
Gesture Interaction for Electronic Music Performance
Introduction
Large Number of Parameters for Music and Sound
Sampled Instrumental Sounds
Music Timeline
Related Work
Concept
Elements of Conducting an Orchestra
Mapping of Conductor Hand Motion
System Architecture
Implementation
Results
Conclusions and Outlook
References
A New Method for Multi-finger Detection Using a Regular Diffuser
Introduction
Related Work
Design and Implementation
Application Demonstration
I-M-Top
A Sample Application – Video Retrieval System
Conclusion
References
Lip Contour Extraction Using Level Set Curve Evolution with Shape Constraint
Introduction
Problem Formulation
MAP Estimation
A Prior Probability
Likelihood Probabilities
Level Set Curve Evolution
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Visual Foraging of Highlighted Text: An Eye-Tracking Study
Introduction
Related Work
ScentHighlights
Method
Study Design
Study Procedure
Results and Discussion
Accuracy and Response Time
Eye Fixation Movement Pattern Coding
Eye-Tracking Evidence of von Restorff Isolation Effect
Conclusion
References
Effects of a Dual-Task Tracking on Eye Fixation Related Potentials (EFRP)
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Task and Procedure
Recording
Results
Questionnaires
Performance and Errors
Eye Fixation Related Potentials
Discussion and Implications
References
Effect of Glance Duration on Perceived Complexity and Segmentation of User Interfaces
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Visual Segmentation
Information Complexity
Methodology
Participants
Equipment
Procedure
Experimental Design
Results and Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
ANCOVA Analysis
Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression
Relationship Between Number of Existing Objects and Complexity
Relationship Between Number of Derived Objects and Ease of Segmentation
Discussions
References
Movement-Based Interaction and Event Management in Virtual Environments with Optical Tracking Systems
Introduction
A Simple IR Tracking System
Virtual Planetarium
Free-Form Sketching
Music Composition Assistant
A Markerless Optical Tracking System
The HUMODAN System
Usability of the Sketching System with Markerless Tracking
Conclusion
References
Multiple People Gesture Recognition for Human-Robot Interaction
Introduction
Context Aware Gesture Definition
Definition of Gesture
Definition of State
Feature Extraction Method
Contour Based Method
Skin Based Method
Feature Tracking Using Kalman Filter
Gesture Recognition Using Queue Matching
Application: Animation System
Future Work
References
Position and Pose Computation of a Moving Camera Using Geometric Edge Matching for Visual SLAM
Introduction
Methodology
Acquisition of 3D Information for Construction of Environment Map
Prediction of Feature Points Using Perspective Transformation
Feature Point Tracking Using KLT Method
Camera Position and Pose Computation by Geometric Matching
Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Studies
References
“Shooting a Bird”: Game System Using Facial Feature for the Handicapped People
Introduction
Overview the Game System
Game Module
Interface Module
Facial Feature Detector
Facial Features Tracker
Mouse Control Module
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Human Pose Estimation Using a Mixture of Gaussians Based Image Modeling
Introduction
Human Pose Estimation
Image Modeling
Human Modeling Based on Bayesian Network
Optimization of Pose Parameters
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Human Motion Modeling Using Multivision
Introduction
Human motion modeling
The Face Detection
The Reconstruction Method of the Segmented Difference Image
The Extraction of Skin Blob
Hands Detection
Feet Detection
Kalman Filter
Parallel Camera Model
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Real-Time Face Tracking System Using Adaptive Face Detector and Kalman Filter
Introduction
Overview of Face Tracking System
The Adaptive Skin Detection Algorithm
Training the Skin Color
Detection of Skin Pixels
Construction of Face Detector
Feature Extraction
Training of Classifier
Face Tracking with Kalman Filter
Experimental Results
The Result of Skin Color Detection According to the Rate of Trained and Updated Skin Color
Tracking Experiment for Images Obtained Under Various Conditions
Comparison with Related Works
Conclusion
References
Kalman Filtering in the Design of Eye-Gaze-Guided Computer Interfaces
Introduction
Previous Work
Human Visual System
Basic Eye-Movements
Human Visual System Sensitivity
Kalman Filtering
Attention Focus Kalman Filter Design
Designing Interaction with AFKF
Eye-Movement-Based Interaction Language
Perceptual Compression with AFKF
Experiment Setup
Results
Conclusion
References
Human Shape Tracking for Gait Recognition Using Active Contours with Mean Shift
Introduction
Human Region Detection
Background Modeling
Foreground Region Detection
Human Shape Tracking
Curve Localization Using Mean-Shift
Curve Deformation Using Level-Set
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Robust Gaze Tracking Method for Stereoscopic Virtual Reality Systems
Introduction
The Proposed Method
Proposed Gaze Tracking System
Detecting the Accurate Center of the Pupil
Calculating the Facial Gaze Point
User-Dependent Calibration
Merging Eye and Facial Gaze Positions
Applications to the Stereoscopic VR Environment
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
EyeScreen: A Gesture Interface for Manipulating On-Screen Objects
Introduction
Calibration and Background Subtraction
Gesture Recognition
Pose Parameters Computation
Touching State Detection
Applications
Picture Browser
Visual Pilot
Conclusion
References
GART: The Gesture and Activity Recognition Toolkit
Introduction
Related Work
GART
Toolkit Architecture
Code Samples
Sample Applications
Discussion
Conclusions
Static and Dynamic Hand-Gesture Recognition for Augmented Reality Applications
Introduction
Motivation and Previous Work
Implementation
Gesture Caption and Recognition Module
Event Manager
Evaluation
Evaluation Setup and Procedure
Results
Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Multiple People Labeling and Tracking Using Stereo for Human Computer Interaction
Introduction
Segmentation and Appearance Model
System Overview
Background Segmentation
Integral Histogram
Disparity Layer
Fragment Based Appearance Model
Multiple People Tracking
Box Tracking
Fragment Based Tracking
Multiple Templates Tracking
Experimental Results
Conclusion and Future Works
References
A Study of Human Vision Inspection for Mura
Introduction
The Definition of Mura
The Classification of Mura Defects
Psychometric Method
Method
Experimental Environment and Equipment
Experimental Design
Results
The Influence of VCT–Mura Types and Experience
Stripe Versus Rubbing
Light-Leakage Versus Curtain
H-Band
V-Band
The Masking Effect—Light-Leakage
Conclusion
References
Tracing Users’ Behaviors in a Multimodal Instructional Material: An Eye-Tracking Study
Introduction
Methodology
Participants
Material
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Results
Total Eye-Fixation Durations and Fixation Counts for the Material
Eye-Fixation Durations Based on Slide Presentation Styles
Conclusion
References
A Study on Interactive Artwork as an Aesthetic Object Using Computer Vision System
Introduction
Discourse
A Next Subject
Conclusion: Aesthetic Object
References
Human-Computer Interaction System Based on Nose Tracking
Introduction and Application
System Architecture
Nose Localization and Tracking
Calibration
Embedded Speech Recognition System
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Evaluating Eye Tracking with ISO 9241 - Part 9
Introduction
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Impact of Mental Rotation Strategy on Absolute Direction Judgments: Supplementing Conventional Measures with Eye Movement Data
Introduction
Previous Studies Review
Overview of the Study
Methods
Participants
Materials, Tasks, and Apparatus
Design
Procedures
Results
Conventional Behavior Measures
Eye Movement Data
Discussion
References
Beyond Mobile TV: Understanding How Mobile Interactive Systems Enable Users to Become Digital Producers
Introduction
Understanding the Context
Description of Methods
Review of Results
Users’ Generated Content
Evolution of Digital Content
Conclusions
References
Media Convergence, an Introduction
Introduction
Strategies Behind Media Convergence
Content Is Key
Conclusion
An Improved H.264 Error Concealment Algorithm with User Feedback Design
Introduction
H.264 Coding Standard
Proposed EC Algorithm
Experimental Results
Summary and Conclusion
References
Classification of a Person Picture and Scenery Picture Using Structured Simplicity
Introduction
Paper Preparation
Structured Simplicity of the Picture (SSP)
Combination of Face Region Detection and SSP
Experiment and Analysis
Conclusion
References
Designing Personalized Media Center with Focus on Ethical Issues of Privacy and Security
Introduction
Conceptual Model and Problem Space
Organization
User Experience Framework
Ethics and Privacy
References
Evaluation of VISTO: A New Vector Image Search TOol
Introduction
Main Features of VISTO
The VISTO Engine
The VISTO Interface
Experiments and Discussion
Experiments
Discussion
Conclusions
References
G-Tunes – Physical Interaction Design of Playing Music
Introduction
Related Work
Music Cube
Embroidered Music Balls
Design Insight
Concept of G-Tunes
Defining Music Weight
Interaction with G-Tunes
Prototyping
Discussion and Application
Feedback of G-Tunes
Additional Application
Conclusion and Future Work
References
nan0sphere: Location-Driven Fiction for Groups of Users
Introduction
System Support for Location-Based Interactive Narratives
Story-Telling Application
The Panoply Middleware
The nan0sphere Locative Media Experience
Lessons from nan0sphere
Related Work
Conclusions
References
How Panoramic Photography Changed Multimedia Presentations in Tourism
Introduction
Apple’s QuicktimeVR
The Virtual Experience
Hardware Limitations
The Portuguese Experience
Tourism and Cultural Multimedia Projects: Next Generation
Conclusions
References
Frame Segmentation Used MLP-Based X-Y Recursive for Mobile Cartoon Content
Introduction
Frame Segmentation
Pre-process
Structure of MLP
Cutting-Point Marking
Verification
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Browsing and Sorting Digital Pictures Using Automatic Image Classification and Quality Analysis
Introduction
Browsing, Organizing and Sorting Photos
Combining CBIR and Zoomable Interfaces
Selection Support Through Semantic Zooming
Image Analysis
Extracting Meaningful Features
Identifying Series of Images
Labeling Images by Quality
Discussion
References
A Usability Study on Personalized EPG (pEPG) UI of Digital TV
Introduction
A Review of the Literature
Methods
Designing the Structure and Navigation of UI for a Prototype pEPG
Focus Group Interview (FGI)
The Development of Structure Usability Principles
The Development of the Questionnaire for the Subjective Satisfaction Evaluation
A Usability Evaluation
Results
Conclusion and Discussion
References
Recognizing Cultural Diversity in Digital Television User Interface Design
Introduction
Methods
Initial Designs
Participants
Procedure
Results
Subjective Preference on the Suggested Graphical Designs
Task Performance of the On-Screen Display Menu Navigation and Control
Feedback on Suggested New Features to Enhance Usefulness of TV
Conclusion and Discussion
References
A Study on User Satisfaction Evaluation About the Recommendation Techniques of a Personalized EPG System on Digital TV
Introduction
Background Literature
Electronic Program Guide
Personalized EPG
Research on Evaluation of Recommendation Engine
Research Outline
Process of Research
Experiment Data
Subjects
Experiment Result
Conclusion
References
Usability of Hybridmedia Services – PC and Mobile Applications Compared
Introduction
Reading of Barcodes by a Camera Phone
Eye Tracking in the Usability Evaluation
Present Study
Method
Participants
Apparatus and Stimuli
Procedure
Eye Movement Recordings
Results and Discussion
Basic Findings
Evaluation of the Hybridmedia Service
Eye Movement Recordings
Qualitative Analysis of Eye Movements
Reading of Barcodes by a Mobile Phone
Conclusions
References
m-YouTube Mobile UI: Video Selection Based on Social Influence
Introduction
Design Approach
Design Concept: m-YouTube
Context Approach to Video Recording
Conclusion
References
Can Video Support City-Based Communities?
Introduction
Towards a Definition of Community
Usage of Video on Remote Groups and Virtual Communities
New Research Challenges of Mobile Multimedia Applicatiosns
Physical Communities with Technological Support
Our UCD Approach
Data from City-Based Communities
Women Associations
Elderly People
Conclusions
References
Watch, Press, and Catch – Impact of Divided Attention on Requirements of Audiovisual Quality
Introduction
Audiovisual Perception, Quality and Attention
Audiovisual Rendering
Research Method
Results
Experiment – Tasks, Reverberation Orders, Auditory Content and Visualmotion Paths
Effect of Task and Content Experiences on Quality Evaluation
Discussion
References
Media Service Mediation Supporting Resident’s Collaboration in ubiTV
Introduction
Resident’s Collaboration in ubiTV
Media Service Mediation
Context for Media Service Mediation
Service Mediator
Mobile Mediator
Implementation
Experiments
Conclusion
References
Implementation of a New H.264 Video Watermarking Algorithm with Usability Test
Introduction
H.264 Video Standard
Sub Blocks
Macro Blocks
Picture/Slice Management
Network Abstraction Layer
Human Computer Interface
Proposed Approach
Generate Watermark
Inserting Watermark
Comparing a Watermark
Generating Threshold
Analytical Usability Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Innovative TV: From an Old Standard to a New Concept of Interactive TV – An Italian Job
Introduction
Interactive TV: User Needs and Technologies in Literature
Interactive TV: What the Market Offers
Consumer Analysis
Current eTV-Services: Comparative Analysis
P2P: Behavioural and Heuristic Analysis
Conclusions: Guidelines to Design a New Interactive TV Interface and Future Steps
References
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Digital Storytelling with Panoramic Images to Facilitate Experience Sharing
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Research Model and Hypotheses
The UTP-PanoView Digital Storytelling
Results and Discussion
Data Analysis on Instrument Reliability, Descriptive Analysis and Normality Test
Data Analysis on Correlation Coefficients
Conclusion
References
User-Centered Design and Evaluation of a Concurrent Voice Communication and Media Sharing Application
Introduction
Related Research
Methods
Phase 1 – Paper Prototyping
Phase 2 – Application Prototyping
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Customer-Dependent Storytelling Tool with Authoring and Viewing Functions
Introduction
System Architecture
FaceExtracter Module
AniMaker Module
AviMaker Module
The Algorithm
Active Contour Model (Snake) Algorithm
Line Warping
Experiment Result
Conclusion
References
Reliable Partner System Always Providing Users with Companionship Through Video Streaming
Introduction
Approach
Delivery Procedure for Reliable Partner System
Network Composition
Implementation
Prototype
Performance Evaluation
Subjective Evaluation
Delivering for Several Users
Conclusions and Further Work
References
Modeling of Places Based on Feature Distribution
Introduction
Our Proposed Method
Interest Features
Build Feature Dictionary
Model the Places
Place Recognition Using the Feature Distribution Model
Experimental Results
Conclusions and Further Works
References
Knowledge Transfer in Semi-automatic Image Interpretation
Introduction
Road Annotation in Aerial Images
Semi-automatic Road Tracking System
Human Input Processing
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Transfer
Human Input Analysis
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Experiments and Evaluations
Conclusion
References
Author Index