✍ Scribed by Brinkmann, B. ;Koops, E. ;Wischhusen, F. ;Kleiber, M.
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Summary. Literature dealing with the obstruction of neck arteries induced by strangulation is referred to. Two types Of strangulation are applied to ten human corpses, i.e., hanging and strangulation by ligature. The neck arteries are isolated at their origins from the thoracic vessels. After removal of the brain the arterial openings at the skull base are observed of their flow through. Tap water is perfused through the vessels under four pressures, i.e., 100 , 200, 300, and 170 mm Hg. By using strangulation tools of three different diameters, various strangulation experiments are performed under controlled conditions imitating strangulation by ligature as well as atypical hanging. The most relevant results were:
(1) In ~trangulation by ligature with the rope running horizontally round the neck it is possible to bring about obstruction to the carotid arterie~ by the same forces as in experimental hanging. Depending on the tool and on the arterial pressure, these forces vary between 2.5 and 10 kg. There are relations between the necessary forces, the diameter of the strangulaiion tools and the arterial pressures. Even by applying tractive forces in the range between 30-40 kg or by enhancing with a manual draw we did not succeed in bringing about an obstruction of the vertebral arteries. With the rope running obliquely round the neck as it does in typical hanging it is possible by minor tensile forces (between 8 and 17 kg) to obstruct these vessels as well.
(2) In experimental hanging using a typical position of the tool, obstructions of all arteries occur between 5 and 15 kg. In types of hanging with an anterior suspension point above the level of the chin it was possible to occlude at least two vessels by application of intermediate forces.
(3) In strangulation by ligature, the site of the appliance seems to have some influence. Infralaryngeal strangulation need somewhat greater tensile forces than a supralaryngeal course of the rope.
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