Geospatial Analytics for Environmental Pollution Modeling: Analysis, Control and Management

✍ Scribed by Fayma Mushtaq (editor), Majid Farooq (editor), Alok Bhushan Mukherjee (editor), Mili Ghosh Nee Lala (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 443
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book aims to provide a comprehensive study on various aspects of environmental pollution dynamics using geospatial technology and modeling techniques. The utility of geospatial technology will be demonstrated for the effective study of environmental pollution, as space and location are very important for effective environmental health surveillance. The timeliness of the work is due to the increasing relevance of geospatial technology applications in environmental health investigations. Moreover, different types of pollution are covered in detail, including air and soil, all of which are analyzed using latest Remote Sensing and GIS technology. The basics of environmental pollution and its impacts are covered in the book's first part, while the second part focuses on the use of geospatial technology in investigating and modeling various instances of environmental pollution. The third part discusses policy measures for mitigating environmental pollution hazards, usinggeospatial analyses and data to craft informed policy decisions. The primary audience for the book is researchers working in the field of environmental pollution with incorporation of geospatial technology, including upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in remote sensing and its environmental applications. The secondary audience is academicians, planners, environmentalists and policymakers working in the field of environment protection and management.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgement
Disclaimer
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Types of Environmental Pollution and Its Effects on the Environment and Society
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Air Pollution
1.3 Water Pollution
1.4 Soil Pollution
1.5 Noise Pollution
1.6 Thermal Pollution
1.7 Light Pollution
1.8 Radiation Pollution
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Geostatistical Methods and Framework for Pollution Modelling
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Geospatial Modelling of Air Pollution
2.3 Geospatial Modelling of Groundwater Pollution
2.4 Monitoring of Soil Pollution
2.5 Monitoring of River Pollution
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: GIS-Based Modelling for Estimation of Water Quality Parameters: A Review
3.1 Introduction
Motivation for GIS-Based Modelling for Water Quality
Geospatial Data Sources
3.2 Models of Water Quality
Water Quality Data
3.3 GIS-Based Water Quality Modelling Approaches
Geospatial and Artificial Intelligence–Based Approach
3.4 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Using GWQI
3.5 Estimation of Surface Water Quality (SWQ)
Optically Active Water Quality Parameters
Optically Inactive Water Quality Parameters (pH, DO)
Eutrophication and Algal Blooms
Prediction of Eutrophication
Prediction of Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs)
3.6 Challenges, Future Directions, and Recommendations
3.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Air Quality Monitoring Using Geospatial Technology and Field Sensors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Geospatial Technologies for Air Quality Monitoring
4.3 Application of Field Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring
Gas Sensors
Particulate Matter Sensors
Airshed Concept
4.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Sensor Networks Currently in Use in India
4.5 Challenges and Solutions
4.6 Conclusion
4.7 Recommendations
References
Chapter 5: Geospatial Techniques and Methods for Monitoring and Assessment of Soil Contaminants
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Literature Review
5.3 Geospatial Techniques for Monitoring Soil Contaminants
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation
Creating a Soil Contamination Map
Simple Indices
Complex Indices
Multicriteria Decision-Making
5.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Geospatial Modelling and Framework for the Detection and Mapping of Noise Pollution
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methodology for Noise Modelling
6.3 Anticipated Results
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Urban Areas and Air Pollution: Causes, Concerns, and Mitigation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Air Pollutant Types
7.3 Status in Cities
7.4 Monitoring of Air Pollutants
7.5 Causes of Air Pollution
7.6 Concerns of Air Pollution in Urban Areas
7.7 Challenges and Solutions
7.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Constructing the Dynamics of Water Quality Parameters Using Geospatial Technology and In Situ Observations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Role of Geospatial Technology In Situ Observations in Understanding Water Quality Dynamics
8.3 Objective of This Chapter
8.4 Fundamentals of Water Quality Parameters, Their Significance, and Implications
Physical Parameters
Chemical Parameters
Biological Parameters
Microbiological Parameters
Toxic Substances
Radiological Parameters
8.5 Importance of In Situ Observations in Understanding Water Quality Dynamics
8.6 Sampling and Measurement of In Situ Data
8.7 Geospatial Technology for Water Quality Assessment
8.8 Satellite Sensors and Their Capabilities for Water Quality Monitoring
8.9 Retrieval Algorithms for Deriving Water Quality Parameters from Remote Sensing Data
Hyperspectral Imaging in Water Quality Monitoring
8.10 Integration of In Situ Observations with Remote Sensing Data
8.11 Potential for Integrating Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Water Quality Modelling
8.12 Limitations and Challenges in Constructing Water Quality Dynamics Using Geospatial Technology and In Situ Observations
8.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Urban Air Quality Monitoring and Modelling Using Ground Monitoring, Remote Sensing, and GIS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ground Monitoring Techniques
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Application of Observational Air Quality Dataset in Research
9.3 Remote Sensing and Satellite/Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment
Application of Remotely Sensed Dataset in Research: A Case Study
9.4 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Air Quality Monitoring
Significance of Integrating Air Quality Data with GIS
Challenges and Limitations
GIS-Based Decision Support Systems for Air Quality Management
9.5 Urban Air Quality Modelling
Modelling Approaches and Techniques
Calibration and Validation of Air Quality Models
9.6 Case Studies: Application of Modelling Approach for Air Quality Assessment
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Assessment of Soil Contamination Using Remote Sensing and Spatial Techniques
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Remote Sensing
10.3 Spatial Techniques
10.4 Applications of Remote Sensing and Spatial Techniques in Mapping and Modelling Soil Contamination
Geostatistical Spatial Interpolation Techniques for Soil Contamination Mapping
Pollutant Transport Modelling Based on Hydrological Analysis
Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield
Heavy Metal Contamination
Organic Compound Loading
Radioactive Contamination
10.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Noise Pollution Modelling Using GIS Techniques in Srinagar City
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Study Area
11.3 Materials and Methods
11.4 Results and Discussion
Monitored Noise Levels
Spatial Distribution of Noise Pollution in Srinagar City
11.5 Conclusion
11.6 Recommendations
References
Chapter 12: Geostatistics Interceded Groundwater Quality Study with Emphasis on Kriging Across the Andhra Pradesh State of India
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study Area
12.3 Materials and Methods
Data
Methodology
12.4 Results and Discussion
12.5 Challenges and Solutions
12.6 Conclusions
12.7 Limitations of This Study
12.8 Recommendations
References
Chapter 13: Air Quality and Human Health
13.1 Introduction
Fundamental Elements and Scales of the Air Pollution Problem
13.2 Sources of Air Pollutants
13.3 Major Air Pollutants
13.4 Scales of the Air Pollution Problem
13.5 Air Quality Indexing System
Air Quality Indices and Related Standards Around the World
13.6 Status of AQI
Air Quality over the Globe: The Complete Picture
Air Quality Status over the Indian Region
The Brighter Side of COVID-19
13.7 Impact of Degrading Air Quality on Human Health
Exposure to Air Pollutants
Health Hazards
Overall Health Effects
13.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Significance of Geo-Visualization Tools for Pollution Monitoring
14.1 Introduction
Importance of Real-Time Data and Spatial Analysis in Pollution Monitoring
14.2 Geo-Visualization Tools
Types of Geo-Visualization Tools
14.3 Integration of Spatial Data with Pollution Monitoring via Geo-Visualization Tools
14.4 Real-Time Data Collection and Visualization
Advantages of Real-Time Data for Pollution Monitoring
14.5 Spatial Analysis and Data Integration
14.6 Creating Pollution Maps Using Geo-Visualization Tools
14.7 Visualization Techniques for Different Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, and Noise)
Air Pollution Visualization
Water Pollution Visualization
Soil Pollution Visualization
Noise Pollution Visualization
14.8 Empowering the Public Through Geo-Visualization Tools
14.9 Crowdsourced Pollution Data and Their Reliability
14.10 Citizen Science Projects for Pollution Monitoring in India
14.11 Examples of Real-Time Monitoring/Visualization of Pollution
World’s Air Pollution: Real-Time Air Quality Index (https://waqi.info/#/c/6.475/8.915/1.9z)
Bhuvan Ganga Geoportal (https://bhuvan-app1.nrsc.gov.in/mowr_ganga/)
14.12 Potential of AI and Machine Learning in Pollution Data Analysis and Visualization
14.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Environmental Pollution Control Measures and Strategies: An Overview of Recent Developments
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Significance of Pollution Control Measures
15.3 Objectives
15.4 Air Pollution Control Measures
15.5 Water Pollution Control Measures
15.6 Soil Pollution Control Measures
15.7 Noise Pollution Control Measures
15.8 Challenges and Future Prospects
15.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Environmental Legislation and Global Initiatives
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Types of Environmental Legislation and International Agreements
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
National Environmental Legislation
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Ozone-Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules, 2010
The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
E-Waste Management Rules, 2016
Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2018
16.3 Global Environmental Initiatives
Initiatives Related to Abating the Effects of Climate Change
Initiatives Related to the Abatement of Air Quality
Initiatives Related to the Protection of Freshwater Resources
Initiatives Related to Protection from Land Degradation/Nature Conservation and Terrestrial Living Resources
Initiatives Related to the Management of Hazardous Wastes
Initiatives Related to the Oceans and Seas
Initiatives Related to Nuclear Safety
16.4 National and International Environmental Organizations and Institutional Framework
At the National Level
At the International Level
16.5 Remote Sensing & GIS in Relevance to National & Multinational Environmental Legislation/Agreements
16.6 Limitations and Problems
16.7 Future Prospects
References
Index