Genetics: From Genes to Genomes

✍ Scribed by Michael Goldberg and Janice Fischer and Leroy Hood and Leland Hartwell

• Publisher: McGraw Hill
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 878
• Edition: 7
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted
Chapter 1 Mendel's Principles of Heredity
1.1 The Puzzle of Inheritance
1.2 Genetic Analysis According to Mendel
1.3 Mendelian Inheritance in Humans
Chapter 2 Extensions to Mendel's Laws
2.1 Extensions to Mendel for Single-Gene Inheritance
2.2 Extensions to Mendel for Two-Gene Inheritance
2.3 Extensions to Mendel for Complex Trait Inheritance
2.4 A Comprehensive Example: Dog Coat Color Genes
Chapter 3 Chromosomes and Inheritance
3.1 Chromosomes: The Carriers of Genes
3.2 Mitosis: Cell Division that Preserves Chromosome Number
3.3 Meiosis: Cell Divisions that Halve Chromosome Number
Genetics and Society: Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Chapter 4 Sex Chromosomes
4.1 Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination
4.2 Gametogenesis
4.3 Sex Linkage
4.4 Sex-Linked and Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Humans
4.5 Human Intersexuality
Fast Forward: Transgenic Mice Prove that SRY Is the Maleness Factor
Fast Forward: Visualizing X-Chromosome Inactivation in Transgenic Mice
Chapter 5 Linkage, Recombination, and Gene Mapping
5.1 Gene Linkage and Recombination
5.2 Recombination: A Result of Crossing-Over During Meiosis
5.3 Mapping: Locating Genes Along a Chromosome
5.4 The Chi-Square Test and Linkage Analysis
5.5 Tetrad Analysis in Fungi
5.6 Mitotic Recombination and Genetic Mosaics
Fast Forward: Mapping the Crossovers thatGenerate the Chromosomes of Individual Human Sperm
Fast Forward: Gene Mapping Has Led to Treatments for Cystic Fibrosis
Tools of Genetics: The Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
Genetics and Society: Mitotic Recombination and Cancer
Part II: What Genes Are and What They Do
Chapter 6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination
6.1 Experimental Evidence for DNA as the Genetic Material
6.2 The Watson and Crick Double Helix Model of DNA
6.3 Genetic Information in Nucleotide Sequence
6.4 DNA Replication
6.5 Homologous Recombination at the DNA Level
6.6 Site-Specific Recombination
Chapter 7 Mutation
7.1 Mutations: Primary Tools of Genetic Analysis
7.2 Molecular Mechanisms that Alter DNA Sequence
7.3 DNA Repair Mechanisms
Fast Forward: Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases
Chapter 8 Using Mutations to Study Genes
8.1 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Structure
8.2 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Function
8.3 A Comprehensive Example: Mutations that Affect Vision
Chapter 9 Gene Expression: The Flow ofInformation from DNA to RNA to Protein
9.1 The Genetic Code
9.2 Transcription: From DNA to RNA
9.3 Translation: From mRNA to Protein
9.4 Differences in Gene ExpressionBetween Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
9.5 The Effects of Mutations on Gene Expression and Function
Genetics and Society: HIV and Reverse Transcription
Part III: Analysis of Genetic Information
Chapter 10 Digital Analysis of DNA
10.1 Fragmenting DNA
10.2 Cloning DNA Fragments
10.3 Sequencing DNA
10.4 Sequencing Genomes
Tools of Genetics: Serendipity in Science: The Discovery of Restriction Enzymes
Chapter 11 Genome Annotation
11.1 Finding the Genes in Genomes
11.2 Genome Architecture and Evolution
11.3 Bioinformatics: Information Technology and Genomes
11.4 A Comprehensive Example: The Hemoglobin Genes
Chapter 12 Analyzing Genomic Variation
12.1 Variation Among Genomes
12.2 Genotyping a Known Disease-Causing Mutation
12.3 Sampling DNA Variation in a Genome
12.4 Positional Cloning
12.5 The Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing
Fast Forward: Genetic Genealogy
Tools of Genetics: The Lod Score Statistic
Part IV: How Genes Travel on Chromosomes
Chapter 13 The Eukaryotic Chromosome
13.1 Chromosomal DNA and Proteins
13.2 Chromosome Structure and Compaction
13.3 Chromosomal Packaging and Gene Expression
13.4 Replication of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
13.5 Chromosome Segregation
13.6 Artificial Chromosomes
Chapter 14 Chromosomal Rearrangements
14.1 Rearrangements of Chromosomal DNA
14.2 The Effects of Rearrangements
14.3 Transposable Genetic Elements
14.4 Genome Restructuring and Evolution
Fast Forward: Programmed DNA Rearrangements and the Immune System
Chapter 15 Ploidy
15.1 Aberrations in Chromosome Number: Aneuploidy
15.2 Variation in Number of Chromosome Sets: Euploidy
15.3 Whole-Genome Duplication as a Driver of Evolution
Chapter 16 Bacterial Genetics
16.1 The Enormous Diversity of Bacteria
16.2 Bacterial Genomes
16.3 Bacteria as Experimental Organisms
16.4 Gene Transfer in Bacteria
16.5 Using Genetics to Study Bacterial Life
16.6 A Comprehensive Example: How N. gonorrhoeae Became Resistant to Penicillin
Genetics and Society: The Human Microbiome Project
Chapter 17 Organellar Inheritance
17.1 Mitochondria and Their Genomes
17.2 Chloroplasts and Their Genomes
17.3 The Relationship Between Organellar and Nuclear Genomes
17.4 Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
17.5 Mutant Mitochondria and Human Disease
Fast Forward: Mitochondrial Eve
Part V: How Genes Are Regulated
Chapter 18 Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
18.1 The Elements of Prokaryotic Gene Expression
18.2 Regulation of Transcription Initiation via DNA-Binding Proteins
18.3 RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Gene Regulation
18.4 Discovering and Manipulating Bacterial Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
18.5 A Comprehensive Example: Control of Bioluminescence by Quorum Sensing
Chapter 19 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
19.1 Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
19.2 Control of Transcription Initiation Through Enhancers
19.3 Regulation After Transcription
19.4 A Comprehensive Example: Sex Determination in Drosophila
Tools of Genetics: The Gal4/UASG Binary Gene Expression System
Chapter 20 Epigenetics
20.1 Genomic Imprinting
20.2 Inheritance of Programmed Gene Repression Through Cell Division
20.3 Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance
20.4 A Comprehensive Example: Epigenetic Inheritance in Mice
Part VI: Using Genetics
Chapter 21 Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes
21.1 Creating Transgenic Organisms
21.2 Uses of Transgenic Organisms
21.3 Targeted Mutagenesis
21.4 Human Gene Therapy
Tools of Genetics: Cloning by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Tools of Genetics: How Bacteria Use CRISPR/Cas9 to Vaccinate Themselves Against Viruses
Genetics and Society: Should We Alter Human Germ-Line Genomes?
Chapter 22 Genetic Analysis of Development
22.1 Model Organisms: Prototypes for Developmental Genetics
22.2 Mutagenesis Screens
22.3 Determining Where and When Genes Act
22.4 Ordering Genes in a Pathway
22.5 A Comprehensive Example: Body Plan Development in Drosophila
Chapter 23 The Genetics of Cancer
23.1 Characteristics of Cancer Cells
23.2 The Genetic Basis of Cancers
23.3 How Cell Division Is Normally Controlled
23.4 How Mutations Cause Cancer
23.5 Personalized Cancer Treatment
Tools of Genetics: Analysis of Cell-Cycle Mutants in Yeast
Part VII: Beyond the Individual Gene and Genome
Chapter 24 Variation and Selection in Populations
24.1 The Hardy-Weinberg Law: Predicting Genetic Variation in "Ideal" Populations
24.2 What Causes Allele Frequencies to Change in Real Populations?
24.3 Ancestry and the Evolution of Modern Humans
Chapter 25 Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits
25.1 Heritability: Genetic Versus Environmental Influences on Complex Traits
25.2 Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs)
Tools of Genetics: The Chi-Square Test for Independence
Guidelines for Gene Nomenclature
Brief Answer Section
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z