Genetics. From Genes to Genomes

✍ Scribed by Leland H. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, Lee M. Silver, Ruth C. Veres

• Publisher: McGraw-Hill
• Year: 2008
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 914
• Edition: 3
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Genetics: The Study of Biological Information
1.1 The Biological Information Fundamental to Life Is Encoded in the DNA Molecule
1.2 Biological Function Emerges Primarily from Protein Molecules
1.3 Complex Systems Arise from DNA-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions
1.4 All Living Things Are Closely Related at the Molecular Level
1.5 The Modular Construction of Genomes Has Allowed the Rapid Evolution of Complexity
1.6 Genetic Techniques Permit the Dissection of Complexity
1.7 Our Focus Is on Human Genetics
PART I. Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted
Chapter 2. Mendel’s Breakthrough: Patterns, Particles, and Principles of Heredity
2.1 Background: The Historical Puzzle of Inheritance
2.2 Genetic Analysis According to Mendel
2.3 Mendelian Inheritance in Humans:Two Comprehensive Examples
Fast Forward
Tools of Genetics
Genetics and Society
Chapter 3. Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype
3.1 Extensions to Mendel for Single-Gene Inheritance
3.2 Extensions to Mendel for Multifactorial Inheritance
Fast Forward
Genetics and Society
Chapter 4. The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
4.1 Chromosomes Contain the Genetic Material
4.2 Mitosis Ensures That Every Cell in an Organism Carries the Same Chromosomes
4.3 Meiosis Produces Haploid Germ Cells, the Gametes
4.4 Gametogenesis Requires Both Mitotic and Meiotic Divisions
4.5 Validation of the Chromosome Theory
Chapter 5. Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes
5.1 Gene Linkage and Recombination
5.2 Mapping: Locating Genes Along a Chromosome
PART II. What Genes Are and What They Do
Chapter 6. DNA: How the Molecule of Heredity Carries, Replicates, and Recombines Information
6.1 Experiments Designate DNA as the Genetic Material
6.2 The Watson-Crick Model: DNA Is a Double Helix
6.3 DNA Stores Information in the Sequence of Its Bases
6.4 DNA Replication: Copying Genetic Information for Transmission to the Next Generation
6.5 Recombination Reshuffles the Information Content of DNA
Tools of Genetics
Chapter 7. Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation
7.1 Mutations: Primary Tools of Genetic Analysis
7.2 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Structure
7.3 What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Function
7.4 How Gene Mutations Affect Light-Receiving Proteins and Vision:A Comprehensive Example
Genetics and Society
Fast Forward
Chapter 8. Gene Expression: The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA to RNA to Protein
8.1 The Genetic Code: How Precise Groupings of the Four Nucleotides Specify 20 Amino Acids
8.3 Translation: Base Pairing Between mRNA and tRNAs Directs Assembly of a Polypeptide on the Ribosome
8.5 Comprehensive Example: A Computerized Analysis of Gene Expression in C. elegans
8.6 How Mutations Affect Gene Expression and Gene Function
Genetics and Society
Chapter 9. Deconstructing the Genome: DNA at High Resolution
9.1 Fragmenting Complex Genomes into Bite-Size Pieces for Analysis
9.2 Cloning Fragments of DNA
9.3 Hybridization Is Used to Identify Similar DNA Sequences
9.4 The Polymerase Chain Reaction Provides a Rapid Method for Isolating DNA Fragments
9.5 DNA Sequence Analysis
9.6 Understanding the Genes for Hemoglobin:A Comprehensive Example
Tools of Genetics
Genetics and Society
Chapter 10. Reconstructing the Genome Through Genetic and Molecular Analysis
10.1 Analyses of Genomes
10.2 Major Insights from the Human and Model Organism Genome Sequences
10.3 High-Throughput Genomic Platforms Permit the Global Analysis of Genes and Their mRNAs
Genetics and Society
Chapter 11. The Direct Detection of Genotype Distinguishes Individual Genomes
11.1 DNA Variation Is Multifaceted and Widespread
11.2 Detecting DNA Genotypes of Different Types of Polymorphisms
11.3 Positional Cloning: From DNA Markers to Gene Clones
11.4 Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits
11.5 Haplotype Association Studies for High-Resolution Mapping in Humans
Chapter 12. Systems Biology and Proteomics
12.1 What Is Systems Biology?
12.2 Looking at Biology as an Informational Science Is Central to the Practice of Systems Biology
12.3 Global Proteomics Strategies and High-Throughput Platforms Make It Possible to Gather and Analyze Systemwide Protein Data
12.4 Putting It All Together: The Practice of Systems Biology
12.5 A Systems Approach to Disease Leads to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine
PART IV. How Genes Travel on Chromosomes
Chapter 13. The Eukaryotic Chromosome: An Organelle for Packaging and Managing DNA
13.1 The Components of Eukaryotic Chromosomes: DNA, Histones, and Nonhistone Proteins
13.2 Chromosome Structure: Variable DNA-Protein Interactions Create Reversible Levels of Compaction
13.3 Specialized Chromosomal Elements Ensure Accurate Replication and Segregation of Chromosomes
13.4 How Chromosomal Packaging Influences Gene Activity
Chapter 14: Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number Reshape Eukaryotic Genomes
14.1 Rearrangements of DNA Sequences Within Chromosomes
14.2 Changes in Chromosome Number
14.3 A Glimpse of the Future: Emergent Technologies in the Analysis of Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number
Fast Forward
Chapter 15: The Prokaryotic Chromosome: Genetic Analysis in Bacteria
15.1 A General Overview of Prokaryotes
15.2 The Bacterial Genome
15.3 Gene Transfer in Bacteria
15.4 Comprehensive Example: Genetic Dissection Helps Explain How Bacteria Move
15.5 Genome Analysis Provides Powerful New Tools for Understanding Bacteria
Genetics and Society
Chapter 16: The Chromosomes of Organelles Outside the Nucleus Exhibit Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
16.1 The Structure and Function of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes
16.2 Genetic Studies of Organelle Genomes Clarify Key Elements of Non-Mendelian Inheritance
16.3 Comprehensive Example: How Mutations in mtDNA Affect Human Health
Fast Forward
Genetics and Society
PART V. How Genes Are Regulated
Chapter 17: Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
17.1 An Overview of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
17.2 The Regulation of Gene Transcription
17.3 The Attenuation of Gene Expression: Fine-Tuning the trp Operon Through the Termination of Transcription
17.4 Global Regulatory Mechanisms Coordinate the Expression of Many Sets of Genes
17.5 A Comprehensive Example: The Regulation of Virulence Genes in V. cholerae
Genetics and Society
Chapter 18: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
18.1 The Use of Genetics to Study Gene Regulation
18.2 Gene Regulation Begins with Control Over the Initiation of Transcription
18.3 Regulation After Transcription Influences RNA Production, Protein Synthesis, and Protein Stability
18.4 Sex Determination in Drosophila: A Comprehensive Example of Gene Regulation
Tools of Genetics
Chapter 19: Cell-Cycle Regulation and the Genetics of Cancer
19.1 The Normal Control of Cell Division
19.2 Cancer Arises When Controls Over Cell Division No Longer Function Properly
Genetics and Society
Chapter 20: Using Genetics to Study Development
20.1 Model Organisms: Prototypes for Developmental Genetics
20.2 Genetics Simplifies the Study of Development
20.3 The Genetic Analysis of Body-Plan Development in Drosophila: A Comprehensive Example
20.4 How Genes Help Control Development: A Mechanistic Framework
Genetics and Society
Guidelines for Gene Nomenclature
Brief Answer Section
Glossary
Credits
Index