Future Grid-Scale Energy Storage Solutions: Mechanical and Chemical Technologies and Principles

✍ Scribed by Ahmad Arabkoohsar

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 676
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Providing a detailed understanding of why heat and electricity energy storage technologies have developed so rapidly, Future Grid-Scale Energy Storage Solutions: Mechanical and Chemical Technologies and Principles presents the required fundamentals for techno-economic and environmental analysis of various grid-scale energy storage technologies. Through a consistent framework, each chapter outlines state-of-the-art advances, benefits and challenges, energy and exergy analyses models of these technologies, as well as an elaboration on their performance under dynamic and off-design operating conditions. Chapters include a case study analysis section, giving a detailed understanding of the systems’ thermodynamics and economic and environmental performance in real operational conditions, and wrap-up with a discussion of the future prospects of these technologies from commercial and research perspectives. This book is a highly beneficial reference for researchers and scientists dealing with grid-scale energy storage systems, as a single comprehensive book providing the information and fundamentals required to do modeling, analysis, and/or feasibility studies of such systems.

✦ Table of Contents

1680247085905.pdf (p.1)
Future Grid-Scale Energy Storage Solutions-2023.pdf (p.2-676)
Title-page_2022_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.1-2)
Future Grid-Scale Energy Storage Solutions
Copyright_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.3)
Copyright
Contents_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.4-11)
Contents
List-of-contributors_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.12-14)
List of contributors
Preface_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.15)
Preface
1---Classification-of-energy-storage_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-S.pdf (p.16-45)
1 Classification of energy storage systems
Chapter outline
Opening
Why energy storage?
General classification
An introduction to various energy storage technologies
Electrochemical energy storage
Lead–acid battery
NaS battery
Li-ion battery
Redox-flow battery
Zinc-hybrid battery
Electrical energy storage
Capacitors and supercapacitors
Superconducting magnetics
Thermal energy storage
Sensible thermal energy storage
Latent thermal energy storage
Thermochemical energy storage
Mechanical energy storage
Pumped hydropower energy storage
Compressed air energy storage
Liquid air energy storage
Flywheel energy storage
Pumped thermal energy storage
Gravity energy storage
High-temperature heat and power storage
Others
Chemical energy storage
References
2---Principles-for-technical--economic--and-envir_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Ene.pdf (p.46-78)
2 Principles for technical, economic, and environmental analyses of energy storage systems
Chapter outline
Opening
Basic principles
Definitions
Thermodynamic laws
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Energy systems components
Turbines/expanders
Classification
Thermodynamics
Compressors and pumps
Classification
Thermodynamics
Heat exchanger
Classification
Thermodynamics
Off-design
Economic analysis
Environmental analysis and life cycle assessment
References
3---Sensible-thermal-energy-stor_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solut.pdf (p.79-127)
3 Sensible thermal energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Introduction
Basics of STES
STES approaches
Water tanks
Underground thermal energy storage
Packed-bed thermal energy storage
STES materials and their applications
Liquid storage mediums
Solid storage mediums
State of the art
Thermodynamic modeling
Energy model
Water storage tanks
Packed-bed STES
Models without thermal gradient in the solid particles
Models considering thermal gradient of the solid particles
Initial and boundary conditions
Stratification analysis in a packed bed
Concrete thermal energy storage model
Exergy model
Case study
Challenges and prospects
References
4---Latent-thermal-energy-stora_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Soluti.pdf (p.128-180)
4 Latent thermal energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Introduction
Basics of latent thermal energy storage
Classification of phase change materials
Latent thermal energy storage heat exchangers
Performance enhancement methods for latent thermal energy storage systems
Enhancing phase change material thermal conductivity
Metal foams
Nanoparticles
Surface area expansion
Finned tube
Encapsulated phase change material
Cascade phase change materials for enhanced process uniformity
Applications of latent thermal energy storage systems
Building applications
Cold storage
Solar applications
Solar water/air heaters
Photovoltaic thermal systems
Thermal management of batteries and electronic devices
State of the art
Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials
Metal foams
Nanoparticles
Phase change materials with extended heat transfer surfaces
Finned tubes
Encapsulated phase change material
Heat transfer uniformity enhancement in phase change materials
Hybrid heat transfer enhancement
Mathematical modeling
Energy model
Exergy model
Case study
Challenges and prospects
References
5---Thermochemical-thermal-energy-s_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-So.pdf (p.181-225)
5 Thermochemical thermal energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Introduction
Thermochemical reactions and systems
Thermochemical energy storage systems
Low-temperature thermochemical energy storage systems (%3c 200°C)
Medium-temperature thermochemical energy storage systems (∼200°C–600°C)
High-temperature thermochemical energy storage systems (%3e600°C)
Implementation of thermochemical energy storage systems
Modeling method and literature
Governing equations
Momentum conservation
Species transport
Energy conservation
Case study
Numerical model
System-level technoeconomic analysis
Future outlook
References
6---Seasonal-thermal-energy-stor_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solut.pdf (p.226-278)
6 Seasonal thermal energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Introduction
Sensible STES
Tank thermal energy storage
Pit thermal energy storage
Aquifer thermal energy storage
Borehole thermal energy storage
Latent TES
Thermochemical TES
Comparison
Literature review
State-of-practice
State of the art
Modeling
Energy model
Water storage
Borehole storage
Aquifer storage
Latent storage
Thermochemical storage
Exergy model
Case study
Future perspective
References
7---Compressed-air-energy-storage-s_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-So.pdf (p.279-318)
7 Compressed air energy storage system
Chapter outline
Opening
General introduction
Possible configurations
Diabatic-CAES (D-CAES)
Adiabatic-CAES and isothermal-CAES (A-CAES & I-CAES)
Low-temperature-CAES (LT-CAES)
Trigeneration-CAES and subcooled-CAES (T-CAES and S-CAES)
State of the art and practice
State of practice
State of the art
Thermodynamic models
Energy model
Exergy model
Case study and parametric analyses
Economic feasibility and off-design performance
Perspective
References
8---Tri-generating-compressed-air-ener_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage.pdf (p.319-353)
8 Tri-generating compressed air energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
General introduction
Working principles
Possible configurations
Performance expectations
The literature review
Techno-economic model
Energy model
Exergy model
Economic method
Off-design operation considerations
Case study analysis
Case study description
Case study results
Perspective
References
9---Liquid-air-energy-storage_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solution.pdf (p.354-417)
9 Liquid air energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Fundamentals
Liquid air energy storage history
Liquid air energy storage processes
Charging section
Air purification
Air liquefaction
Recuperative cycles
Storage section
Hot thermal energy storage
Cold thermal energy storage
Discharging section
Direct method
Indirect method
Combined method
State of the art and practice
State of the practice
State of the art
Stand-alone liquid air energy storage
Hybrid liquid air energy storage
External heat
External cold
Waste heat recovery
Mathematical modeling
Mass balance
Energy balance
Exergy analysis
Performance criteria
Economic assessment
Case study analysis
Case study description
Case study results
Energy results
Exergy results
Economic results
Case study parametric study
Future perspective
References
10---Pumped-hydropower-energy-sto_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solu.pdf (p.418-442)
10 Pumped hydropower energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Basic principles
Main components
Literature and applications
Mathematical model
Energy equations
Pipelines
Water storage
Hydro turbine and pump
Generator
Exergy equations
Pipelines
Water reservoir
Hydro turbine
Case study
Perspective
References
11---Pumped-thermal-energy-stora_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solut.pdf (p.443-476)
11 Pumped thermal energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
General introduction
History of technology
Possible configurations
Competitors of technology
State of the art
Thermodynamic models of pumped thermal energy storage
Energy model
Exergy model
Case study analysis
Future perspective
References
12---High-temperature-heat-and-power_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-S.pdf (p.477-513)
12 High-temperature heat and power storage
Chapter outline
Opening
General introduction
History of technology
Possible configurations
Competitors of technology
State of the art
Thermodynamic models
Energy model
Exergy model
Off-design operation considerations
Case study analysis
Case study description
Economic method and figures
Case study results
Perspective
References
13---Flywheel-energy-storage_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.514-548)
13 Flywheel energy storage
Chapter outline
Opening
Flywheel components
Applications
Pros and cons
State of the art
Electronic devices
Electric machine
Flywheels and others
Mathematical model
Shape limitations
Material limitations
Case study and thermodynamic models
Energy model
Exergy model
Specification of cases
Conclusion and perspective
References
14---Gravity-energy-storage_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.549-577)
14 Gravity energy storage
Chapter outline
General introduction
Various configurations
Wet gravitational energy storage
Hydraulic gravitational energy storage
Deep ocean gravitational energy storage
Suspended weights ocean gravitational energy storage
Dry gravitational energy storage
Rail-based gravitational energy storage
Energy vault tower
Underground gravitational energy storage
Mountain gravitational energy storage
State of the art
Mathematical model
Energy model
Underground gravitational energy storage
Rail-based gravitational energy storage
Energy vault tower
Exergy model
Economic model
Case study and parametric investigations
The case study
Parametric analysis
Future perspective
References
15---Green-hydrogen_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.578-624)
15 Green hydrogen
Chapter outline
Opening
Fundamentals
Hydrogen history
Hydrogen production and electrolysis methods
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer
Alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE)
Solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE)
Hydrogen storage
Hydrogen safety
Hydrogen utilization
State of the art and practice
State of the practice
State of the art
Simulation and modeling of an electrolyzer
Integrated PtH systems
Mathematical model
Modeling procedure
Modeling of hydrogen production
Fundamentals of water electrolysis
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer modeling
Alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) modeling
Solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) modeling
Exergy analysis
Models’ validation
Economic analysis
Case study analysis
Case study description
Case study results
Parametric analysis
Future perspective
References
16---Power-to-X_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.625-650)
16 Power-to-X
Chapter outline
Opening
Fundamentals
An overview of PtX
PtX products
PtX applications
State of the art and practice
State of practice
State of the art
Power-to-methane
Power-to-Fischer–Tropsch-based products
Power-to-methanol
Power-to-ammonia
Mathematical model
Basic thermodynamic principles in chemical reactions
Energy balance for reacting systems
Heat of reaction
Gibbs energy of reaction
Application of equilibrium criteria to chemical reactions
Reaction equilibrium constraint
Effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant
Exergy of reaction
Methanation
Catalytic methanation
Biological methanation
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Methanol synthesis
Ammonia synthesis
Future perspective
References
Index_2023_Future-Grid-Scale-Energy-Storage-Solutions.pdf (p.651-675)
Index