Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide

✍ Scribed by Albert L. Moore

• Publisher: William Andrew
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 379
• Series: Plastics Design Library Fluorocarbon
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook is a comprehensive reference on fluoroelastomer chemistry, processing technology, and applications. This is a must-have reference for materials scientists and engineers in the automotive, aerospace, chemical, chemical process, and power generation industries. Fluoroelastomers meet rigorous performance requirements in harsh environments, enhancing reliability, safety, and environmental friendliness. Fluoroelastomers are growing as products of choice for critical components such as O-rings, hoses, and seals in hostile fluid and temperature conditions. The first part of this book is an overview of fluorocarbon elastomers, including descriptions of the nature of fluoroelastomers, properties of various compositions, developmental history, and major uses. The second part provides more details of fluoroelastomer technology, including monomer properties and synthesis, polymerization and production processes, cure systems, and processing methods. The third and last part covers fluid resistance of various fluoroelastomer families, major applications of fluoroelastomers, and safety and disposal.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter......Page 2
Contents......Page 4
Series Editor's Preface......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Part I. Fluoroelastomers Overview......Page 16
1.1 Introduction......Page 18
1.2 Scope: Fluorocarbon Elastomers......Page 19
1.3 Nature of Fluoroelastomers......Page 20
1.4.4 Other Compositions......Page 21
1.5 Developmental History: Compositions, Cure Technology......Page 22
1.6 Major Uses of Fluoroelastomers......Page 24
1.7 Producers of Fluoroelastomers......Page 26
References......Page 27
2.1 Major Families ofFluorocarbon Elastomers......Page 28
2.2 VDF/HFP/(TFE) Elastomers......Page 30
2.4 TFE/PMVEPerfluoroelastomers......Page 32
Part II. Fluoroelastomers Technology......Page 38
3.2.1 VDF Properties......Page 40
3.3 Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)......Page 41
3.3.2 TFE Synthesis......Page 42
3.4.2 HFP Synthesis......Page 44
3.5.2 PMVE Synthesis......Page 46
3.7.2 Halogenated Vinyl Monomers......Page 47
3.8.1 Toxicity Considerations......Page 48
3.8.3 Explosivity......Page 49
REFERENCES......Page 50
4.2 General ProcessDescription......Page 52
4.3.1 General Reaction Scheme......Page 53
4.3.2 Copolymer CompositionRelationships......Page 54
4.3.3 Monomer Reactivity Ratios......Page 55
4.4 Emulsion Polymerization......Page 56
4.4.1 Emulsion PolymerizationKinetics......Page 57
4.4.2 Continuous EmulsionPolymerization......Page 64
4.5 SuspensionPolymerization......Page 74
4.5.2 Polymerization Mechanism andKinetics......Page 76
4.5.4 Polymerization Control......Page 78
4.6.1 Molecular Weight Distribution......Page 80
4.6.3 Composition and MonomerSequence Distributions......Page 83
4.8 Isolation......Page 86
4.9 Process Safety......Page 88
4.10 Commercial ProcessDescriptions......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
5.2.1 Diamine Cure......Page 92
5.2.2 Bisphenol Cure......Page 93
5.2.3 Peroxide Cure......Page 98
5.3 VDF/PMVE/TFEElastomers: Peroxide(Bisphenol)......Page 104
5.4 Perfluoroelastomers—Various Systems......Page 108
5.5 TFE/PropyleneElastomers: Peroxide,Bisphenol......Page 110
5.6 Ethylene/TFE/PMVEElastomers: Peroxide,Bisphenol......Page 114
REFERENCES......Page 116
6.2.2 Mill Mixing......Page 118
6.2.3 Internal Mixers......Page 120
6.3 Extrusion......Page 121
6.4.1 General Considerations......Page 125
6.4.2 Compression Molding......Page 126
6.4.3 Transfer Molding......Page 127
6.4.4 Injection Molding......Page 128
6.5 Calendering......Page 132
6.6.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 137
Part III. Environmental Resistance and Applications of Fluoroelastomers......Page 138
7.3 Discussion of Results......Page 140
7.4 Fluid ServiceRecommendations......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 208
8.3 Heat Resistance Data......Page 210
8.5 Major Applications......Page 211
REFERENCES......Page 241
9.2.1 TFE/P Dipolymer......Page 242
9.2.2 TFE/P/VDF Terpolymers......Page 248
9.2.3 TFE/P/TFP Terpolymers......Page 249
9.3 Fluid Resistance ofEthylene/TFE/PMVEElastomer......Page 251
9.3.4 Service Recommendations......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 254
10.3 Fabrication Methods......Page 256
11.1.2 Compression Set Measurement......Page 258
11.1.3 VDF/HFP DipolymerCompounds......Page 260
11.2 VDF/HFP/TFE Compounds......Page 268
11.5 Additional FluoroelastomerMolding Compounds......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 292
12.1 Introduction......Page 294
12.2 Fuel Line Veneer......Page 295
12.3 Fuel Tank Components......Page 302
12.4 Fuel Injector Seals......Page 303
12.5 Development Trends......Page 304
REFERENCES......Page 305
13.2 Oil Seal Requirements......Page 306
13.3.1 FKM Elastomers......Page 309
13.3.2 FEPM Elastomers......Page 310
13.4 Compounds forTransmission Seals......Page 311
REFERENCES......Page 313
14.3 High-Fluorine Terpolymers......Page 314
REFERENCES......Page 317
15.3 Thermoplastic Processing......Page 318
15.5 Processing Aids forHydrocarbon Plastics......Page 319
REFERENCES......Page 320
16.2 Safety in Production......Page 322
16.4 Disposal......Page 323
REFERENCES......Page 324
Appendix: PDL Ratings......Page 326
Table. PDL Resistance Rating Guidelines......Page 327
Glossary......Page 328
Trademarks......Page 362
Index......Page 364

✦ Subjects

Химия и химическая промышленность;Химическая технология;Технология эластомеров и изделий из них;