Extrusion cooking with glucose supplementation of fumonisin-contaminated corn grits protects against nephrotoxicity and disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in rats

✍ Scribed by Kenneth A. Voss; Ronald T. Riley; Lauren S. Jackson; Joseph E. Jablonski; Andreia Bianchini; Lloyd B. Bullerman; Milford A. Hanna; Dojin Ryu

• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 207 KB
• Volume: 55
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 1613-4125
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100067

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Scope: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin found in maize and maize‐based foods. It causes animal diseases and is a suspected risk factor for cancer and birth defects in humans. Extrusion cooking reduces FB1 concentrations in maize however toxicity caused by unknown degradation or FB1‐matrix reaction products might persist.

Methods and results: To test the efficacy of extrusion to reduce FB1 toxicity, Fusarium verticillioides fermented corn (= maize) grits (Batch‐1= 9.7 ppm FB1; Batch‐2= 50 ppm FB1) were extruded without (Batch‐1E; Batch‐2E) or with 10% glucose supplementation (Batch‐1EG; Batch‐2EG). FB1 concentrations were reduced 64% (Batch‐2E) to 94% (Batch‐1EG) after cooking. When the uncooked and processed grits were fed (50% w/w in rodent chow) to rats for up to 8 weeks, FB1 intakes averaged 354, 103, and 25.1 çg/kg body weight/day for Batch‐1, Batch‐1E and Batch‐1EG and 1804, 698, and 222 çg/kg body weight/day for the Batch‐2, Batch‐2E and Batch‐2EG, respectively. Nephrotoxicity including apoptotic lesions and elevated sphingoid base concentrations decreased in a dose‐dependent manner in groups fed Batch‐1, Batch‐1E, Batch‐2, Batch‐2E, or Batch‐2EG and was absent in the Batch‐1EG group.

Conclusion: Extrusion cooking, especially with glucose supplementation, is potentially useful to reduce FB1 concentrations and toxicity of FB1‐contaminated maize.