Engineered Biomaterials: Synthesis and Applications (Engineering Materials)

✍ Scribed by Rishabha Malviya (editor), Sonali Sundram (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 623
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book highlights recent advances focusing on the synthesis methods of engineered biomaterials and their applications. The book discusses recent applications of various approaches and technology in improving the functional properties and biological activities of biopolymers. It includes two major sections: the first section introduces a range of methods which lead to materials with enhanced properties for a range of practical applications, along with the positives and limitations of the techniques. The second section covers recent trends and advances in application of engineered biomaterials that assist materials scientists and researchers in mapping out the future of these new improved materials through value addition in order to enhance their use. Contributions in the book are done by prominent researchers from industry, academia, and government/private research laboratories across the globe. The book summarizes in a fairly comprehensive manner many of the recent technical advancements in the area of biopolymers. The book is intended to serve as a reference resource in the area of polymers science.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Approach for the Synthesis of Biomaterials
Naturally Derived Biomaterials: Advances and Opportunities
1 Introduction
2 Definition of Naturally Derived Biomaterials
3 The Importance of Naturally Derived Biomaterials in Various Applications
4 Scope of the Chapter
5 Classification of Naturally Derived Biomaterials
6 Polysaccharides
6.1 Starch
6.2 Glycogen
6.3 Peptidoglycan
6.4 Cellulose
6.5 Chitin and Chitosan
6.6 Alginate
6.7 Hyaluronic Acid
6.8 Others
6.9 Others
7 Synthesis and Modification of Naturally Derived Biomaterials
8 Chemical Modification
9 Physical Modification
10 Enzymatic Modification
11 Applications of Naturally Derived Biomaterials
11.1 Medical and Biomedical Applications
12 Industrial Applications
13 Challenges and Future Opportunities
13.1 Challenges in the Use of Naturally Derived Biomaterials
13.2 Future Opportunities in Research and Development
13.3 What Are Among the Crucial Areas for Biomaterials Research in the Future?
14 Conclusion
References
Different Techniques of Genetic Engineering Used for the Development of Novel Biomaterials
1 Introduction
2 Biomaterials: Structural and Functional Roles
3 Need for Genetic Engineering of Biomaterials
4 Techniques of Genetic Engineering
4.1 Scaffolding
4.2 Employment of Sequences
4.3 Recombinant DNA Technology
4.4 Decellularization
4.5 Physical Adsorption
4.6 Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG)
4.7 Elastin like Polypeptides (ELPs)-Based Hydroxyapatite Composites
4.8 CRISPR-Cas 9
4.9 3D Printing
5 Pre-Clinical and Clinical Relevance of Genetically Engineered Biomaterials
6 The Future of Genetically Engineered Biomaterials
7 Conclusion
References
Green Methods for the Development of Bone and Tissue Engineering-Based Biomaterials
1 Introduction
2 Usual Methods and Their Issues
3 Development of Green Methods and Its Types
3.1 Collagen
3.2 Chitosan
3.3 Gelatin
3.4 Silk Fibroin
3.5 Starch
4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Methods
5 Challenges and Future Scope for Green Methods
6 Conclusion
References
Genetically Induced Biomaterial Advances in Medical Sciences
1 Introduction
1.1 Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
1.2 Cardiovascular System Regeneration
1.3 Skeletal System
2 Advanced Medicine Delivery System from ELRs
2.1 Drug Nanocarriers Made of Monomeric ELRs
2.2 Nanoparticles Based on ELR as Pharmaceutical Delivery
2.3 Amphiphilic ELRs Nanoparticles
2.4 Modern Techniques for the Synthesis of ELR Nanoparticles
2.5 In-Situ Therapeutic Depots
2.6 Hydrogels
3 Background Related Work
4 Application
4.1 Peptide-Protein Interactions
4.2 Silk Protein Sericin in Biomaterial
4.3 Modulation of Bone Cells’ Responsiveness to Plasma Treatment with Starch-Based Biomaterials
4.4 Tissue Engineering
5 Case Study
5.1 Elastin-Based Biomaterials that Have Undergone Genetic Modification
5.2 Engineered Biomaterials to Enhance Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Therapy
5.3 Recombinant Cellulose Crosslinking Protein
6 Challenges
7 Future Scope
8 Conclusion
9 Discussion
References
Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development
1 Introduction
2 Terminology
2.1 Bioinspiration
2.2 Biomimicry
2.3 Biomimetics
2.4 Bionics
2.5 Biomedicine
2.6 Biomedical Engineering (BME)
2.7 Biologically Inspired Design (BID)
2.8 Biomechatronics
3 Background to Biomimetics
4 Biological Materials
5 The Two Approaches of Biomimetics
5.1 The Solution-Based Approach
5.2 The Problem-Driven Approach
6 Biomimetic Materials Applications
6.1 Bioinspired Materials for Tissue Engineering
6.2 Bioinspired Components Used in Genome Technologies
6.3 Bioinspired Components for Ultrasound Imaging
6.4 Bioinspired Materials Used in Actuators
7 Tissue Engineering
8 Types of Biomaterials Used in Tissue Engineering
8.1 Flexible/ Elastic Biomaterials
8.2 Hard Biomaterials
8.3 Soft Biomaterials
9 Tissue Grafting
10 Graft Strength and Its Properties
11 Regenerative Medicine and its Effects on Tissue Grafting
11.1 Regenerative Medicine
11.2 Working of Regenerative Medicine
11.3 Effects and Its Applications
12 Biomimetics–Promises and Obstacles with a Future Look
12.1 Biomedical Engineering Using Biomimicry
13 Conclusion
References
Plant-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Systems
1 Introduction
2 Naturally Derived Biomaterials
3 Applications of Naturally Derived Biomaterials
3.1 Drug Delivery Systems (Advances and Opportunities)
3.2 Tissue Engineering (Advances and Opportunities)
3.3 Combination of Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery
4 Optimization of Biomaterials Properties
5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Gold Nanoparticles from a Microorganism: A Synthetic Approach
1 Introduction
2 Dimensions of Nanotechnology
3 Types of Nanomaterial
4 Nanoparticles (NPs)
5 Classification of NPs
5.1 Organic Nanoparticles (ONPs)
5.2 Carbon-Based CNPs
5.3 Inorganic NPs
6 Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)
7 Properties of GNPs
7.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance
7.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
7.3 Surface Enhanced Fluorescence
7.4 Photothermal Effect
7.5 Photosensitization
7.6 Colorimetric Responses
7.7 Increased X-ray Absorption Coefficient
7.8 Functionalization
8 Shape Size and Functionalization
9 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
9.1 Physical Method
9.2 Chemical Methods of GNPs
9.3 Biological Method
10 Applications
10.1 Visualization and Bioimaging
10.2 Antibacterial Activity
10.3 Antifungal Activity
10.4 Antiviral Activity
10.5 Antioxidant Activity
10.6 Anticancer Activity
10.7 Antidiabetic Activity
10.8 Leishmanicidal Activity
10.9 Drug Delivery
11 Conclusion
References
Applications of Biomaterials
Nanostructured Biomaterials in Drug Delivery
1 Bio-Based Nanostructures
2 Synthesis of Nanostructured Biomaterials
2.1 Hydrothermal Method
2.2 Ultrasonic Method
2.3 Pyrolysis Method
2.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method
3 Drug Delivery Systems
3.1 PH-Responsive Delivery Mechanisms
3.2 ROS-Responsive Delivery Mechanisms
4 Target Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Nanodrugs
5 Challenges and Prospects
References
Nanostructured Biomaterials in Drug Delivery: Current Trends and Upcoming Possibilities
1 Introduction
2 A Clinical Necessity of Nano-Biomaterials for Controlled Drug Delivery
3 Basic Principles for Creating Drugs Using Nanotechnology
4 Nano-Biomaterials Delivery Parameters in Biological Systems
5 Nano-Biomaterials in Drug Delivery System
5.1 Alginate
5.2 Chitosan
5.3 Cellulose
5.4 Xanthan Gum
6 Nanotechnology-Based Medication Delivery Methods
6.1 Polymeric Micelles
6.2 Liposomes
6.3 Dendrimers
6.4 Nanocrystals
6.5 Nanoparticles
6.6 Metallic Nanoparticles
6.7 Quantum Dots (QDs)
7 Future of Medication Delivery and Biomedicine Using Nanostructures
8 Conclusion
References
Advancement in Biomaterials in the Form of Implants
1 Introduction
2 Implant Biomaterial Properties
3 Classification of Implantable Medical Material
3.1 Ceramics
3.2 Metals and Alloys
3.3 Polymers
4 Recent Advancements in Biomaterials for Biomedical Implants
4.1 Advancement in the Form Surface Coating and Modification of Biomaterials
4.2 Nanotechnology in Implant Technology
4.3 3D Bioprinting Technology
5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Smart Biomaterials in Drug Delivery Applications
1 Introduction
2 pH-Responsive Controlled Drug Delivery
2.1 pH-Responsive-Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy
2.2 pH-Responsive Hydrogels/Nanoparticles in Wound Healing
2.3 pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Regeneration of Bone Tissue
2.4 pH-Responsive Membrane for Glucose-Sensing
2.5 pH-Responsive Membrane for Transdermal Patches
2.6 pH-Responsive Hydrogels in Environmental Preservatives
2.7 pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Agricultural Chemicals Release
2.8 Graphene-Based pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems
2.9 pH-Responsive Drug Delivery by Nanocomposites/Blends
3 Temperature-Responsive Drug Delivery
3.1 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Delivery for Cancer/Tumour Treatment
3.2 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release Behaviours Using the Artificial Neural Network Technique
3.3 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release-Copolymer as a Gatekeeper
3.4 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release from Microsphere
3.5 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release in Regenerative Medicine
3.6 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release from Hybrid Hydrogels
3.7 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release from Nanocomposite
3.8 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release in Ocular Treatments
3.9 Temperature-Sensitive Drug Release from Nanocomposites
3.10 Temperature-Responsive Block Copolymer
3.11 Temperature Responsive Aerogels
3.12 Temperature-Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles
3.13 Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel Loaded with Micelles
4 Light-Responsive Controlled Drug Delivery
4.1 Light-Responsive CDD for Cancer Therapy
4.2 Light Sensitive-CDD by Hyperbranched Polymer
4.3 Light Sensitive-CDD to Bacterial Infections
4.4 Light Sensitive-CDD for Periodontal Restoration
4.5 Light Sensitive-CDD on Skin Patch
4.6 Light Sensitive-CDD for Wound Healing
4.7 Light Sensitive-CDD for Brain Diseases
4.8 Light Sensitive-CDD by Photosensitive Hydrogels
4.9 Light Sensitive-CDD in Ophthalmology
4.10 Light Sensitive-CDD in Pesticides
4.11 Light Sensitive-CDD by Nanoparticles
4.12 Light Sensitive-CDD in Pulsatile Systems
4.13 Light Responsive-CDD by Nanocarriers
5 Magnetic-Responsive Controlled Drug Delivery
5.1 Magnetic-Responsive CDD in Cancer Treatment
5.2 Magnetic-Responsive CDD in Wound Healing
5.3 Magnetic-Responsive Targeted Drug Delivery
5.4 Magnetic-Responsive in Smart Nanomedicine
5.5 Magnetic-Responsive CDD in Osteomyelitis
5.6 Magnetic-Responsive CDD in Combination Therapy
5.7 Magnetic-Responsive CDD Via Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles
6 Conclusion
References
Advanced Tissue Engineering with Novel Engineered Biomaterials
1 Introduction
2 Novel Biomimetic Materials
3 Herbal Materials-Based New Matrices
3.1 New Approaches in Tissue Engineering
4 Transforming 3D to 4D Printing
5 Summary and Conclusions
References
An Insight into Collagen-Based Nano Biomaterials for Drug Delivery Applications
1 Introduction
2 Collagen-Based Nano-Biomaterial Formulations
2.1 Emulsification or Solvent Extraction
2.2 Complex Coacervation or Polyelectrolyte Complexation
2.3 Phase Separation
2.4 Electrospinning
2.5 Nanospray Drying
2.6 Electrospray Deposition
2.7 Milling
2.8 Self-Assembly and Desolvation
2.9 Interfacial Polymerization
2.10 Polymer Chain Collapse
3 Characteristic of Formulated Collagen-Based Nanomaterials or NPs
3.1 Loading and Release of Active Ingredients/Drug for Delivery
4 Collagen-Based Nanocomposites for Delivery of Ingredients/Drug Through DDS
5 Conclusion
References
Photo Responsive Material for 4D Printing in Tissue Engineering
1 Introduction
2 Brief Assessment of 4D Bioprinting
2.1 DLP
2.2 FDM
2.3 SLS
2.4 Inkjet Printing
2.5 SLA
2.6 Micro-Extrusion
2.7 DIW
3 Key Considerations About Photo Responsive Biomaterials
4 Applicability of 4D Printing in Biomedical Field
4.1 Skin Tissue Engineering
4.2 Bone Tissue Engineering
4.3 Vascular Tissue Engineering
4.4 Muscle Tissue Engineering
4.5 Nerve Tissue Engineering
4.6 Other Tissue Engineering Applications
5 Current Hinderance and Future Outlook
6 Conclusion
References
Surface-Modified Biomaterials in Medical Device Development
1 Introduction
2 Selection of Biomaterials for Surface Modification
3 Provision for Biomaterial Surface Modification
4 Interaction of Biomaterial at the Surface
5 Different Techniques Used for Surface Modification
5.1 Mechanical Methods
5.2 Chemical Methods
5.3 Mechanical Methods
6 Methods of Surface Modification of Biomaterial
6.1 Metallic Biomaterials
6.2 Ceramic Biomaterials
6.3 Polymeric Biomaterials
6.4 Composite Biomaterials
7 Sterilization of Medical Devices and Biomaterials
8 Regulatory Issues Regarding Biomaterial in Medical Device
9 Future Prospectives
10 Conclusion
References
Nanoporous Materials as Versatile Nanoplatforms for Drug Delivery Applications: Properties, Recent Progress, and Challenges
1 Introduction
2 Drug Loading Techniques
2.1 The Solvent-Based Techniques
2.2 The Co-spray Drying
2.3 The Supercritical Fluid Method SCF
2.4 The Physical Mixing
2.5 The Melting Technique
2.6 Microwave-Based Methods
3 Properties and Characterization of Nanoporous Materials NPMs
4 Classifications of Nanoporous Materials (NPMs) Applied for DDS
4.1 Porous Organic Carriers POPs
4.2 Inorganic Porous Carriers
5 Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Prospective
References
Development of Cardiovascular Biomaterials From Collagenous Tissues
1 Introduction
1.1 Synthetic Methods and Their Issues with Environment
1.2 Development of Biomaterials From Collagenous Tissue
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Collagenous Tissue
1.4 Challenges and Future Scope
2 Conclusion
References
Stimuli-Responsive Material in Controlled Release of Drug
1 Introduction
2 Types of Stimuli-Responsive Material
2.1 pH-Responsive Material
2.2 Magnetic Field Responsive Material
2.3 Electro-Responsive Material
2.4 Light-Responsive Material
2.5 Enzyme-Responsive Material
2.6 Temperature-Responsive Material
2.7 Ultrasound Responsive Material
3 Challenges and Future Perspective
4 Conclusion
References
Gold Nanoparticles: Clinical Applications
1 Introduction
1.1 Gold Nanoparticles
2 Transferrin and Other Functionalized Materials to Influence at GNPs for Medical Applications
3 Gene Transfection & Drug Delivery
4 Cellular Detections
5 Applications in Gene Transfection
6 Detection and Imaging
7 Applications in Cells
8 ADC-AntiBody Drug Conjugates
8.1 Clinical Studies Using Antibody–Drug Conjugates
8.2 Gemtuzumabozogamicin
8.3 Brentuximabvedotin
8.4 Ado-Trastuzumabemtansine
8.5 Inotuzumabozogamicin
8.6 Polatuzumabvedotin-Piiq
8.7 The Future of Antibody–Drug Conjugates
8.8 Peptide/DNA-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates
8.9 Toxicity
8.10 Recent Trends and Future Perspectives
8.11 Conclusion
References
Biocidal Effect of Copper Contained in a Mineral Tailing on the Growth of Shewanella Putrefaciens
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
2.1 Reactivation and Conservation of the Reference Strain
2.2 Bacterial Growth Curve and Preparation of Working Inocula
2.3 Effect of Copper from Copper Tailings on Bacterial Growth
2.4 Determination of the Maximum Tolerable Concentration of Copper by the Bacteria
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Reactivation and Conservation of the Reference Strain
3.2 Bacterial Growth Curve and Preparation of Working Inocula
3.3 Effect of Copper Content of Tailings on Bacterial Growth
3.4 Determination of the Maximum Tolerable Concentration of Copper
4 Conclusions
References
Examining the Problems and Possibility of Immunological Control for Engineered AAV as a CRISPR Vector and Other Genetic Transfers
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
3 AAV Vectors for Gene Transfer, DNA Editing, and Programming Applications
4 Exploring the Advantages and Challenges of Using AAV Vectors in Genetic Engineering
4.1 AAV Serotypes
4.2 Generation and Refinement of Vectors
4.3 Previously Established Immunity
4.4 Vector Standardization
4.5 Safety Concerns
5 Immunogenicity and AAV Vectors: Challenges and Solutions
6 Specialized Solutions for Overcoming Immunological Challenges of AAV Vectors
7 Looking Ahead: The Future of AAV Vectors
References
Subject Index