Emerging Materials: Design, Characterization and Applications

✍ Scribed by Laxman Raju Thoutam (editor), Shubham Tayal (editor), J. Ajayan (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 472
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book serves as a quick guide on the latest material systems including their synthesis, fabrication and characterization techniques. It discusses recent developments in different material systems and discusses their novel applications in various branches of science and engineering. The book briefs latest computational tools and techniques that are used to discover new material systems. The book also briefs applications of new emerging materials in various fields including, healthcare, sensors, opto-electronics, high power devices and nano-electronics. This book helps to create a synergy between computational and experimental research methods to better understand a particular material system.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Design and Characterization
Novel Emerging Materials: Introduction and Evolution
1 Introduction
2 Dirac Materials
3 Graphene
4 Topological Insulators
5 Topological Semi-metals
6 Weyl Semimetal
7 Group-III Nitride Semiconductors
7.1 Crystal Structure
7.2 Elastic and Thermal Properties:
7.3 Electrical Properties
7.4 Optical and Optoelectronic Properties
8 Light Emitting Diodes
9 Laser Diodes
10 Photodiodes
11 Summary
References
Synthesis and Characterization of Emerging Nanomaterials
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Nanomaterial
1.2 Classification of Nanomaterial
1.3 Introduction to Characterization Techniques
2 Synthesis of Emerging Nanomaterials
2.1 Top-Down and Bottom-Up
2.2 Emerging Nanomaterials
3 Fabrication of Emerging Materials and Their Applications
3.1 Electrodeposition Techniques
3.2 Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Method
3.3 Microwave (MW) Assisted Synthesis
3.4 Sonochemical Synthesis
3.5 Electrospinning Technique
3.6 Microemulsion Method
3.7 Hydrothermal Synthetic Protocol
3.8 Polyol Method
4 Characterizations: Detailed with Example
5 Applications
6 Conclusions
References
Seeded Crystal Growth of Cd-Zn-Te (CZT) Assisted via Numerical Modelling
1 Importance of Numerical Modelling in Crystal Growth
2 Seeded Crystal Growth of CdZnTe
3 Numerical Modelling
4 EDG Furnace
5 Initial Work with Heat Sink Systems in Un-Seeded Growth
5.1 Different Heat Sink Configurations, 1st Iteration
5.2 Different Heat Sink Configurations, 2nd Iteration
6 Seeded Growths of CZT: Initial Work with Furnace
7 Design of the Seeded Crystal Growth
8 Seed Propagation and Sidewall Nucleation
9 Conclusion
References
Design Techniques for High Reliability FET by Incorporating New Materials and Electrical/thermal Co-optimization
1 Introduction
1.1 Integration of MOSFET and Moore’s Law
1.2 Short-Channel Effects and Emerging New Materials
1.3 Roadmap for Future MOSFET Technology with Emerging New Materials
2 Recent Demand for SHE Improvement
2.1 Recent CPU Issue
2.2 Demand for SHE Improvement—Performance Aspect
2.3 Demand for SHE Improvement—Reliability Aspect
2.4 Main Design Goal ‘3H’—High Heat Dissipation, High Performance, High Reliability
3 Optimization Method with Structure Adjustment
4 Optimization Method with Emerging New Materials
5 Limitation and Challenges of Future MOSFET Design with DTCO
References
Recent Advances in Energy Harvesting from Waste Heat Using Emergent Thermoelectric Materials
1 An Overview of Thermoelectric Materials and Its Applications
2 Selection Criteria and Strategy for Screening the High Performance Materials
2.1 Applications and Emergent Thermoelectric Materials
3 Chalcogenides
4 Si–Ge Based Alloys TE Materials
5 Oxide Thermoelectric
6 Thermal Rectifier and Thermal Diode
7 Summary
References
Challenges and Opportunities for Emerging Material Systems
1 Introduction
2 Sensing Application
2.1 MoS2 Properties
2.2 MoS2 Synthesis
2.3 MoS2 Sensors
3 Energy Storage Application
3.1 Synthesis of Mxenes
3.2 Performance of Mxenes as Li Ion Battery Electrode Material
4 Energy Generation Application
4.1 Graphene Synthesis
4.2 Graphene for Solar Cells Application
5 Challenges and Future Prospects
References
Applications of Emerging Materials
Emerging Materials for Biosensor Applications in Healthcare
1 Sensors
1.1 Classification of Sensors
1.2 Biosensors
1.3 Types of Biosensors
2 Evolution of Biosensors
3 Principle and Design Biosensors
3.1 Basic Principle
3.2 Components of a Biosensor
4 Characteristics of Biosensors
5 Classification of Biosensors
5.1 Biosensors Based on Receptor
5.2 Biosensors Based on Transducer
6 Emerging Materials in Biosensors
7 Metals
7.1 Optical Biosensors (Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based)
7.2 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Based Biosensors
8 Polymers
9 Ceramics
10 Alloys
11 Metal Oxides
12 Nanomaterial Based Biosensors or Nano Biosensors
12.1 Nanoparticle Based Sensors
12.2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticle
12.3 Quantum Dot
12.4 Anisotropic Nanoparticle Based Biosensors
12.5 Quantum Cluster Based Sensors
13 Smart Intelligent Nano Biosensors
14 Applications
14.1 Applications of Emerging Materials in Biosensing
14.2 Applications of Nanomaterials in Biosensing
15 Conclusion
References
Emerging Nanostructures in Dental Applications
1 Introduction
2 Inorganic Nanoparticle-Based Formulations
2.1 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
2.2 Silver Nanoparticles
2.3 Other Metal Nanoparticles
2.4 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
2.5 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
2.6 Zirconia (Zirconium Oxide) Nanostructures
2.7 Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
2.8 Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles
2.9 Silica Nanoparticles With/Without Phosphate (Bio-Glass)
3 Organic Nanoparticle-Based Formulations
3.1 Nanogels Based Formulations
3.2 Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Formulations
4 Conclusion
References
Emergent Catalytic Materials Towards CO2 Reduction
1 Introduction
2 Photochemical CO2 Reduction
2.1 Theory of Photocatalysis
2.2 Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Based Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
2.3 Molecular Metal Complexes
2.4 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
3 Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
3.1 Theory of Electrocatalysis
3.2 Molecular Metal Complexes
3.3 Metal Organic Layers/Frameworks
3.4 Metal Oxide-Hybrid Nanoparticles
4 Conclusion
References
A Brief on Emerging Materials and Its Photovoltaic Application
1 Introduction
2 Diversity of Solar Cell
2.1 Thin Film Technology
2.2 Hybrid Technology
2.3 Transparent Technology
2.4 Sensitized Solar Cell Technology
2.5 Quantum Dot Solar Cell
2.6 Perovskite Technology
2.7 Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Technology
2.8 Organic Solar Cell Technology
3 Conclusion
References
Applications of Emerging Materials: High Power Devices
1 Emergence of AlGaN as a Channel Material in HEMTs
2 The Emergence of Gd2O3 as High-K Gate Dielectric in AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs
3 The Emergence of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as Gate Electrode Material in P-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
4 The Emergence of Scaln and Scalgan Barrier Layers in Algan/Gan HEMTs
5 SiC Power MOSFETs
6 β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs
7 Summary
References
An Insights into Non-RE Doped Materials for Opto-Electronic Display Applications
1 Introduction
2 Phosphor and Luminescence
3 Emission Mechanism and Spectroscopic Properties of Non-RE Metal Ions
3.1 Oxygen Related Defect Emissions
3.2 Carbon Related Defects Emission
3.3 Size Dependent and Self‐activated Defect Emission
3.4 Emissions Due to Doping
4 Material Characteristics Required for Display Device Applications
4.1 Spectral Efficiency
4.2 Emission Spectrum
4.3 Excitation Spectrum
4.4 Higher Quantum Efficiency
4.5 Phosphor Degradation
4.6 Maintaining Color Stability
4.7 Cost Effective
4.8 Environment Friendly
5 Non-RE Activated Materials for Opto-Electronic Display Devices
5.1 Light-Emitting Diode Display
5.2 Light-Emitting Device Working Mechanism
5.3 Non-RE Based Phosphors for LED Display
6 Field Emission Display Device (FED)
6.1 Non-RE Activated Phosphors for Field Emission Display Device
7 Laser-Powered Phosphor Display
7.1 Non-RE Activated Phosphors for Laser-Powered Display Devices
8 Inorganic Electroluminescent (IEL) Display
8.1 Inorganic Electroluminescent Non-RE Activated Phosphor Materials
9 Concluding Remarks
References