E-Learning Networked Environments and Architectures: A Knowledge Processing Perspective

✍ Scribed by Samuel Pierre

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 440
• Series: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing
• Edition: 1st Edition.
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides state-of-the-art e-learning networked environments and architectures carried out over the last few years from a knowledge management perspective. It contains a comprehensive discussion of e-learning concepts, models, experiments and best practices. Presenting a wide-ranging survey of methods and applications from contributors from around the world, this book will be a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and graduates.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
E-Learning Networked
Environments and
Architectures......Page 4
Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing......Page 2
ISBN-10: 1846283515......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
List of Contributors......Page 8
1.1 Introduction......Page 12
1.2 Basic Concepts and Background......Page 14
1.3 Building Knowledge Scenarios......Page 18
1.4 Building Knowledge Environments......Page 21
1.5 Designing Knowledge Networks......Page 26
1.6 Retrieving Resources and Knowledge......Page 28
1.7 Conclusion......Page 32
References......Page 33
Part I Building Knowledge Scenarios......Page 36
2.1 Introduction......Page 37
2.2.1 Looking at the Problem......Page 39
2.2.2 Looking at the Solution......Page 40
2.2.4 Methodological Approach......Page 41
2.3.2 Educational Modeling Languages......Page 42
2.3.3 Conceptual Elements of IMS-LD......Page 44
2.3.4 Tools for Learnflows......Page 45
2.4 XPDL as a Business Process Language......Page 49
2.4.2 Process Description Languages or Workflow Models......Page 50
2.4.3 The Conceptual Elements of XPDL......Page 51
2.4.4 Tools for Workflows......Page 53
2.5.1 Static Aspects of the Common Model......Page 56
2.5.2 Dynamic Aspects of the Common Model......Page 57
2.5.3 Model of Control of IMS-LD......Page 58
2.5.4 Model of Control of XPDL......Page 59
2.5.5 The Proposed Translation Scheme......Page 60
2.6 LDX-Flow Tools......Page 62
2.6.1 Functional Architecture......Page 63
2.6.3 Physical Architecture......Page 65
2.7 Conclusion......Page 66
References......Page 67
3.1 Introduction......Page 70
3.2 Experimentation......Page 71
3.3 Pedagogical Strategies......Page 76
3.4 Content in a Mobile Lesson......Page 78
3.4.3 Lesson on the Field: Acquiring Content......Page 79
3.5 Administrative Tools......Page 80
3.6 Technology: Devices and Software......Page 81
3.6.3 Mobile Lessons, Toward New Services......Page 83
References......Page 85
Part II Building Knowledge Environments......Page 87
4.1 Introduction......Page 88
4.2.1 Orientation Principles......Page 91
4.2.2 System’s Levels and Main Actors......Page 93
4.3.1 Three Operational Levels......Page 95
4.3.2 Basic Operations on a Resource......Page 97
4.3.3 Resource Life-Cycle Operations......Page 98
4.3.4 System Generation Cascade Operations......Page 101
4.3.5 Semantic Referencing of a Resource......Page 102
4.4.1 TELOS Core and Kernel Structure and Extension......Page 104
4.4.2 Core Use for LKMS Construction......Page 106
4.4.3 LKMS Use and LKMA Construction......Page 109
4.4.4 LKMA Use and LKMP Construction......Page 111
4.4.5 Summary of TELOS Services......Page 115
4.5 Conclusion......Page 116
References......Page 117
5.1 Introduction......Page 119
5.2 The Limits of Current Modeling Approaches......Page 120
5.2.1 Representing Knowledge with Abstraction Layers......Page 121
5.2.2 A Class of Adaptive Systems......Page 122
5.3 A Tutoring System for OODP......Page 124
5.3.1 An Example Session......Page 125
5.3.2.1 Perceived Affordances......Page 127
5.3.3 Representing Perceived Affordances for OOP Design......Page 128
5.3.4 Recombination Aspects......Page 130
5.3.4.1 Target Platform for the Prototype......Page 131
5.3.4.2 Recombination Cycle for the Prototype......Page 132
5.3.5 Overall Software Architecture......Page 133
5.3.6 OODP Classifier......Page 134
5.3.6.1 OODP Case Library......Page 135
5.3.7 Algorithm Families......Page 137
5.3.7.1.1 Extracting Boolean Features from OOCD......Page 138
5.3.7.1.2 Weka Subsystem Architecture......Page 139
5.3.7.2 Keyword-Based Algorithms......Page 140
5.4 Empirical Evaluation......Page 141
5.4.1 Evaluation Process......Page 142
5.4.3 Results......Page 143
5.4.3.1 Pedagogical Effectiveness......Page 145
5.4.3.2 Classifiers Results......Page 146
5.5 Related Work......Page 147
5.5.2 Object Oriented Design Patterns......Page 148
5.5.3 Schema Matching Algorithms......Page 149
5.5.4 Comparison with an Existing ITS System......Page 150
5.6 Conclusion......Page 152
References......Page 154
6.1.1 Background and Rationale......Page 156
6.1.3 Chapter Organization......Page 158
6.2.1 Retention Issues in Third-Level Institutions......Page 159
6.2.2 Study and Transferable Skills Needed......Page 160
6.2.3 Importance of Study and Transferable Skills......Page 162
6.2.4 Approaches Currently Employed in Higher Education to Train Study Skills......Page 163
6.2.5 Study Skills Training: Limitations of Current Approaches......Page 164
6.3.1 Investigation of Current Approaches......Page 165
6.3.2 Surveys and Analysis......Page 166
6.3.3 Pedagogical Underpinning of the SkillsSuperStore System......Page 167
6.3.4 System Requirements and Initial Architecture......Page 174
6.4 System Design and Development......Page 176
6.4.2 Analysis......Page 177
6.4.3 Design......Page 185
6.4.4 Implementation......Page 187
6.4.5 Testing and Evaluation......Page 190
References......Page 193
7.1 Introduction......Page 195
7.2 Content Management for E-Learning......Page 196
7.2.2.1 Learning Object Repositories......Page 197
7.2.2.3 The MEMORAe Approach......Page 198
7.3.1.2 Topics......Page 199
7.3.1.3.2 Application Ontology......Page 200
7.3.1.3.3 Domain Ontology......Page 201
7.3.2 The Choice of the Formalism: Topic Maps [14]......Page 202
7.3.3.1 Ontologies......Page 204
7.3.3.2 Course Objectives......Page 205
7.4 The E-MEMORAe Environment......Page 206
7.4.1 The User Interface......Page 207
7.4.2 Learning by Exploration in the Memory......Page 208
7.5 Architecture......Page 210
7.6.1 Conditions of the Experiment......Page 211
7.6.2 First Results......Page 212
References......Page 213
Part III Building Knowledge Networks......Page 215
8.1 Introduction......Page 216
8.2 Learning Management Systems to Learning ContentManagement Systems......Page 218
8.3 Reusability and Interoperability......Page 219
8.3.1 Reusability......Page 220
8.3.2 Interoperability......Page 221
8.4 Metadata......Page 222
8.5 Learning Objects (LOs)......Page 223
8.5.2 Granularity......Page 225
8.6 Standards......Page 226
8.6.1 Standards Evolution......Page 227
8.6.2 Learning Object Metadata Standards......Page 230
8.7 Learning Object Metadata (LOM)......Page 232
8.7.2 Modifying the IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM)......Page 234
8.7.3 Taxonomy Models and Ontology......Page 238
8.7.4 Final Schema of Our System......Page 243
8.8 The Phoenix System......Page 244
8.8.1 Implementing Phoenix......Page 246
8.9 Phoenix System Architecture and Functionality......Page 247
8.9.1 Unique Features for the SMEs......Page 248
8.10 Delivery, Evaluation, and Results......Page 250
8.11 Conclusion......Page 254
References......Page 255
9.1 Introduction......Page 258
9.2 Multiagent Systems and Interaction with Users......Page 259
9.3 Reinforcement Learning......Page 260
9.3.1 Temporal-Difference Learning......Page 262
9.3.2 Hybrid Techniques......Page 264
9.4.1 Design Requirements......Page 265
9.4.2 Reinforced Learner-Oriented Search Engines......Page 266
9.4.3 Learning Object ID (LOID)......Page 269
9.4.4 Learning Speed Considerations......Page 270
9.4.5 Example for Designing Human–Agent Interaction......Page 273
9.4.6 Reinforcement Reliability and Adjustable Autonomy......Page 276
9.5 Advanced Issues in Reinforcement Learning......Page 277
9.6 Conclusion......Page 279
References......Page 280
10.1 Introduction......Page 283
10.2 Major Interoperability Efforts in E-Learning......Page 284
10.3 IMS Digital Repository Interoperability......Page 287
10.4 eduSource: An Open Network for Connecting Communities......Page 288
10.5.1 General Approach......Page 291
10.5.2 ECL Connector......Page 293
10.5.3 ECL Gateway......Page 295
10.5.4 ECL Registry......Page 296
10.6 Scalable Security Solution......Page 297
10.6.1.1 Case Study: Course Management Systems......Page 299
10.6.2.1 Shibboleth......Page 300
10.6.3.1 Certification Authority......Page 301
10.6.3.3 ECL Registry......Page 302
10.6.4.2 Federated Security Profile......Page 303
10.7 Implementation and Deployment......Page 305
10.8 Discussion......Page 306
10.8.2 Document-Style Web Services......Page 307
10.8.3 Comparison with Other Approaches......Page 308
10.9 Conclusion......Page 309
References......Page 310
11.1 Introduction......Page 313
11.2 Background and Related Work......Page 314
11.2.1 Electronic Learning Concepts......Page 315
11.2.2 Virtual Environments and Learning Management Systems......Page 316
11.2.3 QoS and Collaboration in Virtual Learning Environments......Page 317
11.3.1 The Telecommunication Platform......Page 318
11.3.2 The Collaborative E-Learning Architecture......Page 319
11.3.3 Process in Collaboration......Page 321
11.3.4 Collaboration Scenarios......Page 325
11.3.5 Collaborative Architecture Supporting Quality of Service......Page 328
11.4 Implementation and Results......Page 330
11.4.1 Implementation of QoS in theCollaborative Environment......Page 331
11.4.2 Model Definition, Results, and Analyses......Page 332
References......Page 339
Part IV Retrieving Resources and Knowledge......Page 342
12.1 Introduction......Page 343
12.2 Online Learning and Learning Objects......Page 344
12.2.1 Learning Objects......Page 345
12.2.2 Learning Object Repositories......Page 346
12.2.3 Pedagogical Metadata......Page 347
12.3 Evaluation and Recommendation Systems......Page 348
12.3.1 Evaluating Quality......Page 349
12.3.2 Recommendation and Trust......Page 350
12.4.1 What We Propose......Page 356
12.4.2 Bayesian Belief Networks: A Quick Introduction......Page 359
12.4.3 Unit Quality Rating......Page 360
12.4.4 Integrated Quality Rating......Page 364
12.5.1 Simulated Test Cases for Individual Rating......Page 367
12.5.2 Simulated Test Cases for Integrated Rating......Page 369
12.5.3 Reliability and Validity of Our Approach......Page 371
12.5.5 Personalised and Collaborative Recommendation and Distribution of BBN......Page 372
12.5.8 Further Research Angles......Page 374
References......Page 376
13.1 Introduction......Page 380
13.2.1 Vector Space Model......Page 382
13.2.2 Graph Space Model......Page 383
13.2.2.1 DIG Structure Overview......Page 384
13.2.2.2 DIG Construction......Page 385
13.3.1 Phrase Matching Using DIG......Page 387
13.3.2 A Phrase-Based Similarity Measure......Page 389
13.3.3 Combining Single-Term and Phrase Similarities......Page 390
13.3.4 Effect of Phrase-Based Similarity on Clustering Quality......Page 391
13.4 Document Clustering Using Similarity Histograms......Page 392
13.4.1 Similarity Histogram-Based Incremental Clustering......Page 395
13.4.2 Similarity Histogram-Based Clustering Evaluation......Page 397
13.5 Key-Phrase Extraction from Document Clusters......Page 398
13.5.1 Extraction of Candidate Key Phrases......Page 400
13.5.2 Phrase Features......Page 402
13.5.3 Phrase Ranking......Page 403
13.5.5 Key-Phrase Extraction Results......Page 404
13.6 Conclusion......Page 408
References......Page 409
14.1 Introduction......Page 411
14.2.1 Definition of Learning Objects......Page 412
14.2.3 Learning Object Repositories......Page 413
14.2.4 3D Visualization and Virtual Reality......Page 414
14.2.6 The Need for 3D Visualization......Page 415
14.3.1 Use Case Model......Page 416
14.3.2 Overall Architecture......Page 417
14.3.3 3D Visualization of Learning Objects......Page 419
14.3.5 Dynamic 3D View Generation......Page 422
14.3.6 Navigation Model......Page 424
14.3.7 Interaction Model......Page 425
14.3.8 Data Access......Page 426
14.4 Implementation......Page 428
14.4.1.1 Navigation Interfaces......Page 430
14.4.1.2 Interaction Interfaces......Page 432
References......Page 434
Index......Page 436